==============================================================

ORA-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误的解决方法

造成ORA-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误的问题的原因有三 个：

1.监听服务没有起起来。windows平台个一如下操作：开始---程序---管理工具---服务，打开服务面板，启动oraclehome92TNSlistener服务。

2.database instance没有起起来。windows平台如下操作：开始---程序---管理工具---服务，打开服务面板，启动oracleserviceXXXX,XXXX就是你的database SID.

3.注册表问题。regedit，然后进入HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/ORACLE/HOME0将该环境变量ORACLE_SID设置为XXXX,XXXX就是你的database SID.或者右几我的电脑，属性--高级--环境变量---系统变量--新建，变量名=oracle_sid,变量值=XXXX,XXXX就是你的database SID.或者进入sqlplus前，在command line下输set oracle_sid=XXXX,XXXX就是你的database SID.

经过以上步骤，就可以解决问题。

=======================================
TNS: 协议适配器错误的问题的原因有三个：
1.监听服务没有起起来。windows平台个一如下操作：开始---程序---管理工具---服务，打开服务面板，启动oraclehome92TNSlistener服务。
2.database instance没有起起来。windows平台如下操作：开始---程序---管理工具---服务，打开服务面板，启动oracleserviceXXXX,XXXX就是你的database SID.
3.注册表问题。regedit，然后进入HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/ORACLE/HOME0将该环境变量ORACLE_SID设置为XXXX,XXXX就是你的database SID.或者右几我的电脑，属性--高级--环境变量---系统变量--新建，变量名=oracle_sid,变量值=XXXX,XXXX就是你的database SID.或者进入sqlplus前，在command line下输set oracle_sid=XXXX,XXXX就是你的database SID.
经过以上步骤，就可以解决问题

1、ORA－12541：TNS：没有监听器
原因：没有启动监听器或者监听器损坏。如果是前者，使用命令net start OracleOraHome81TNSListener（名字可能有出入）即可；如果是后者，则使用“Net8 Configuration

Assistant”工具向导之“监听程序配置”增加一个监听器即可（基本不用写任何信息，一路OK。在添加之前可能需要把所有的监听器先删除！）
2、ORA－12500：TNS：监听程序无法启动专用服务器进程或ORA－12560：TNS：协议适配器错误
原因：ORACLE的数据库服务没有启动。使用命令net start ORACLESERVICEORADB（ORADB为数据库名字）即可。如果仍没有解决，请继续向下看。

3、如果数据库服务启动失败，则很有可能是其注册表项值损坏，最好的做法是以下两步：
1）ORADIM -DELETE -SID oradb 删除数据库服务项
2）ORADIM -NEW -SID oradb 新增数据库服务项
注：这个过程中如果出错，就重启计算机！
4、ORA－12154：TNS：能解析服务名
原因：ORACLE的网络服务名没有正确配置。请使用“Net8 Configuration Assistant”工具向导之“本地网络服务名配置”配置TNS即可。如果仍没有解决，请继续向下看。
5、ORA－1034 ：TNS：ORACLE不可用
原因：ORACLE的数据库服务正确启动，但是数据库没有打开！
使用命令：
1）svrmgrl 启动服务管理器
2）connect internal 以internal身份登陆
3）startup 打开数据库
6、ORA－12560：TNS：协议适配器错误（顽固性的）
原因：未知。
解决：必杀技－－打开“Windows任务管理器”，杀死ORACLE.exe及ORADIM.exe进程，书写自己的

ora_startup.bat，执行之！
PS：
1、我的ora_startup.bat：
net start OracleOraHome81TNSListener
net start ORACLESERVICEORADB
svrmgrl 一般情况下不用，不过有时少不了它的，具体步骤见第5步。
2、我的ora_shutdown.bat：
net stop OracleOraHome81TNSListener
net stop ORACLESERVICEORADB

　　ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.6
export ORACLE_HOME/ 包括Oracle软件的目录 /
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.6/lib;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_BASE/ 包括Oracle软件的目录和管理软件的目录 /
ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export ORACLE_SID/ 缺省数据库的标识 /
ORACLE_TERM=vt100
export ORACLE_TERM
ORA_NLS33=/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.6/
ocommon/nls/admin/data
export ORA_NLS33 / 语言支持 /
PATH=$PATH: /u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.6/bin
export PATH

=============================================
ORA-12560 STARTING LISTENER ON NT - TROUBLESHOOTING
---------------------------------------------------

ORA-12560: TNS Protocol adapter error
Cause: A generic protocol adapter error occurred.
Action: Check addresses used for proper protocol specification. Before reporting this error, look at the error stack and check for lower level transport errors.For further details, turn on tracing and reexecute the operation. Turn off tracing when the operation is complete.

This is a high level error just reporting an error occurred in the actual transport layer. Look at the next error down the stack and process that.

1.- Starting Listener with TCP/IP Protocol
   
    Problem:
    You start the TNS Listener from command line and the TCP/IP address fails with a TNS-12560.

Solution:
    Check if Microsoft Winsock Proxy(WSP) Client is enabled on the Windows NT Server, if that is the case then go to windows Control Panel, click WSP icon and select the disable Proxy Client option.

Explanation:
    The Winsock application may fail to bind to a specific port on a Proxy Server computer when the Winsock is running Proxy Client.

2.- TNS-12560 TNS-512 Starting the listener.

Problem:
    You try to start up the listener and receive the following error stack:
    TNS-12542: TNS:address already in use
     TNS-12560: TNS Protocol adapter error
      TNS-00512: Address already in use
       32-bit Windows Error: 48: Unknown error

Error: TNS 512
    Text:   Address already in use
    --------------------------------------------
    Cause: Specified listener address is already being used.
    Action: Start your listener with an unused address.

Generally this problem may ocurr for a incorrect setting in the listener.ora. Some causes of this problems may be:
   
    a.- Some defined address in the listeners.ora is been used. Make sure other listeners are not running. Either listener.log and screen output appear the address with problem.
       
    b.- Just for 8i: in windows NT the algorithm to acquire
        the address has change, please check the Note 69026.1: Oracle 8i and socket LISTEN operations.

Explanation:
   The listener will try to acquire the address in exclusive mode, if this is been used then the process to get it will fail.
   
3.- Starting the listener the errors ORA-12203,ORA-12560, NL-462 or NL-427 may be raised.

Problem:
    You try to start up the listener and receive the following errors
    ORA-12203,ORA-12560, NL-462 or NL-427.

Solution:
    Recreate the listener.ora file.

Explanation:
    Some corruption in the listener.ora may get unable to the tnslsnr to work adequatly.

4.- Failed to start service, TNS-12560, TNS-00530 when create new listener services

Problem:
    To recreate Oracle TNS listener service on Windows NT, you delete the service entry in registry. When using lsnrctl to start the listener, you get the following errors:

LSNRCTL> start
    Starting tnslsnr: please wait...

Failed to start service, error 3.

TNS-00530: Protocol adapter error

The Listener service is not recreated and the Listener would not start.
    You are using a valid listener.ora file and protocol adapters.

Solution:
    After you delete the Listener service from registry, you have to reboot NT for it to take effect. Then you can use lsnrctl to start the Listener, which would re-create the listener service.

Explanation:
    The Listener service is marked 'disabled', but it still exists after you delete the service from registry.