（第2版）Python编程从入门到实践_外星人项目习题13-1-13-2答案更逼真的星星_pygame练习题

13_1-13_2

图片命名：star.png，在上述代码文件夹中，新建文件夹images，将图片放置在新文件夹即可

13_1 星星主程序：

import sysimport pygamefrom settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alienclass AlienInvasion:"""Overall class to manage game assets and behavior."""def __init__(self):"""Initialize the game, and create game resources."""pygame.init()self.settings = Settings()self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.FULLSCREEN)self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().widthself.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().heightpygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")self.ship = Ship(self)self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()self._create_fleet()def run_game(self):"""Start the main loop for the game."""while True:self._check_events()self.ship.update()self._update_bullets()self._update_screen()def _check_events(self):"""Respond to keypresses and mouse events."""for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:self._check_keydown_events(event)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:self._check_keyup_events(event)def _check_keydown_events(self, event):"""Respond to keypresses."""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:self.ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:self.ship.moving_left = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_q:sys.exit()elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:self._fire_bullet()def _check_keyup_events(self, event):"""Respond to key releases."""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:self.ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:self.ship.moving_left = Falsedef _fire_bullet(self):"""Create a new bullet and add it to the bullets group."""if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:new_bullet = Bullet(self)self.bullets.add(new_bullet)def _update_bullets(self):"""Update position of bullets and get rid of old bullets."""# Update bullet positions.self.bullets.update()# Get rid of bullets that have disappeared.for bullet in self.bullets.copy():if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:self.bullets.remove(bullet)def _create_fleet(self):"""Create the fleet of aliens."""# Create an alien and find the number of aliens in a row.# Spacing between each alien is equal to one alien width.alien = Alien(self)alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.sizeavailable_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)  # 可以用于放置外星人的水平空间（为了求一行能放多少外星人）number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)  # 计算出一行能容纳的外星人个数# Determine the number of rows of aliens that fit on the screen.ship_height = self.ship.rect.heightavailable_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height -(3 * alien_height) - ship_height)  # 可用于放置外星人的垂直空间（为了求能放多少行外星人）number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)  # 计算出能容纳多少行外星人# Create the full fleet of aliens.for row_number in range(number_rows):for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):self._create_alien(alien_number, row_number)  # 调用辅助方法_create_alien，添加外星人到编组aliensdef _create_alien(self, alien_number, row_number):"""Create an alien and place it in the row."""alien = Alien(self)alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.sizealien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_numberalien.rect.x = alien.x  # 每一个alien的属性的x坐标，必须定义x，y坐标，python才知道要将每一个外星人绘制到哪个位置alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number  # 每一个alien的rect属性y坐标self.aliens.add(alien)def _update_screen(self):"""Update images on the screen, and flip to the new screen."""self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)self.ship.blitme()for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():bullet.draw_bullet()self.aliens.draw(self.screen)  # 根据定义的alien.rect.x和alien.rect.y，绘制外星人到屏幕上pygame.display.flip()if __name__ == '__main__':# Make a game instance, and run the game.ai = AlienInvasion()ai.run_game()

13_2更逼真的星星主程序：

import sysimport pygamefrom settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from random import randintclass AlienInvasion:"""Overall class to manage game assets and behavior."""def __init__(self):"""Initialize the game, and create game resources."""pygame.init()self.settings = Settings()self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.FULLSCREEN)self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().widthself.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().heightpygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")self.ship = Ship(self)self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()self._create_fleet()def run_game(self):"""Start the main loop for the game."""while True:self._check_events()self.ship.update()self._update_bullets()self._update_screen()def _check_events(self):"""Respond to keypresses and mouse events."""for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:self._check_keydown_events(event)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:self._check_keyup_events(event)def _check_keydown_events(self, event):"""Respond to keypresses."""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:self.ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:self.ship.moving_left = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_q:sys.exit()elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:self._fire_bullet()def _check_keyup_events(self, event):"""Respond to key releases."""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:self.ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:self.ship.moving_left = Falsedef _fire_bullet(self):"""Create a new bullet and add it to the bullets group."""if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:new_bullet = Bullet(self)self.bullets.add(new_bullet)def _update_bullets(self):"""Update position of bullets and get rid of old bullets."""# Update bullet positions.self.bullets.update()# Get rid of bullets that have disappeared.for bullet in self.bullets.copy():if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:self.bullets.remove(bullet)def _create_fleet(self):"""Create the fleet of aliens."""# Create an alien and find the number of aliens in a row.# Spacing between each alien is equal to one alien width.alien = Alien(self)alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.sizeavailable_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)  # 可以用于放置外星人的水平空间（为了求一行能放多少外星人）number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)  # 计算出一行能容纳的外星人个数# Determine the number of rows of aliens that fit on the screen.ship_height = self.ship.rect.heightavailable_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height -(3 * alien_height) - ship_height)  # 可用于放置外星人的垂直空间（为了求能放多少行外星人）number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)  # 计算出能容纳多少行外星人# Create the full fleet of aliens.for row_number in range(number_rows):for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):self._create_alien(alien_number, row_number)  # 调用辅助方法_create_alien，添加外星人到编组aliensdef _create_alien(self, alien_number, row_number):"""Create an alien and place it in the row."""alien = Alien(self)alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.sizealien.x = randint(0,200) + 2 * alien_width * alien_numberalien.rect.x = alien.x  # 每一个alien的属性的x坐标，必须定义x，y坐标，python才知道要将每一个外星人绘制到哪个位置alien.rect.y = randint(0,300) + 3 * alien.rect.height * row_number  # 每一个alien的rect属性y坐标self.aliens.add(alien)def _update_screen(self):"""Update images on the screen, and flip to the new screen."""self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)self.ship.blitme()for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():bullet.draw_bullet()self.aliens.draw(self.screen)  # 根据定义的alien.rect.x和alien.rect.y，绘制外星人到屏幕上pygame.display.flip()if __name__ == '__main__':# Make a game instance, and run the game.ai = AlienInvasion()ai.run_game()

alien.py （为了便捷，引用了书中代码，只是将外星人的图片替换成了星星图片，类命名未修改）

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Alien(Sprite):"""A class to represent a single alien in the fleet."""def __init__(self, ai_game):"""Initialize the alien and set its starting position."""super().__init__()self.screen = ai_game.screen# Load the alien image and set its rect attribute.self.image = pygame.image.load('images/star.png')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()# Start each new alien near the top left of the screen.self.rect.x = self.rect.widthself.rect.y = self.rect.height# Store the alien's exact horizontal position.self.x = float(self.rect.x)

ship.py

import pygameclass Ship:"""A class to manage the ship."""def __init__(self, ai_game):"""Initialize the ship and set its starting position."""self.screen = ai_game.screenself.settings = ai_game.settingsself.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()# Load the ship image and get its rect.self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()# Start each new ship at the bottom center of the screen.self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom# Store a decimal value for the ship's horizontal position.self.x = float(self.rect.x)# Movement flagsself.moving_right = Falseself.moving_left = Falsedef update(self):"""Update the ship's position based on movement flags."""# Update the ship's x value, not the rect.if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:self.x += self.settings.ship_speedif self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed# Update rect object from self.x.self.rect.x = self.xdef blitme(self):"""Draw the ship at its current location."""self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

settings.py

class Settings:"""A class to store all settings for Alien Invasion."""def __init__(self):"""Initialize the game's settings."""# Screen settingsself.screen_width = 1200self.screen_height = 800self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)# Ship settingsself.ship_speed = 1.5# Bullet settingsself.bullet_speed = 1.0self.bullet_width = 3self.bullet_height = 15self.bullet_color = (60, 60, 60)self.bullets_allowed = 3

（第2版）Python编程从入门到实践_外星人项目习题13-1-13-2答案更逼真的星星_pygame练习题_python项目练习题相关推荐

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