在没有图形界面的情况时，安装Oracle数据库软件和创建数据库就只能使用命令行的方式进行。

本文假设安装的前提条件都已经配置好。

一、静默安装数据库软件

1、准备参数文件

这个参数文件是用于安装软件使用的，里边配置了需要安装的版本、语言、ORACLE_HOME等信息。

这个文件的模版在database/response目录下的db_install.rsp，文件中的各个参数作用参考http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/em.112/e12255/oui3_response_files.htm#OUICG183

#修改记录如下：

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #只安装软件

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall      #安装的操作系统用户组

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory/ #Inventory目录路径

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en  #安装语言

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db #Oracle Home路径

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/  #Oracle Base路径

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE #数据库版本 EE企业版

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba  #DBA组所属的操作系统用户组

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall #OPER组所属的操作系统用户组

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true #必须设置为true，否则需要修改其他信息

#创建Inventory目录

[oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ cd /u01/app/

[oracle@rhel6 app]$ ls

oracle

[oracle@rhel6 app]$ mkdir oraInventory

2、静默安装

[oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/soft/11g/11.2.0.4_database/response/install.rsp

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.  Actual 34496 MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.  Actual 2047 MB    Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM. Please wait ...[oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ [WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requ

irements.  CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log

ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual f

ind the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.You can find the log of this install session at:

/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log

#日志文件：/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log

[oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.

Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log' for more details.

As a root user, execute the following script(s):

1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/root.sh

Successfully Setup Software.

3、使用root执行脚本

[root@rhel6 response]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@rhel6 response]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/root.sh

Check /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/install/root_rhel6_2016-12-21_17-12-23.log for the output of root script

[root@rhel6 response]# cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/install/root_rhel6_2016-12-21_17-12-23.log

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db

Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Finished product-specific root actions.

Finished product-specific root actions.

#测试sqlplus

[oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 17:16:19 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>

4、手工建库

官方文档：http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25494/create.htm#CIAEJDBE

4.1 配置环境变量

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db

export ORACLE_SID=mydb

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

#创建数据文件存储目录

[oracle@rhel6 oracle]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE

[oracle@rhel6 oracle]$ mkdir -p oradata/mydb

4.2 手工创建pfile

#此处只写必要的几个参数，生产上要按照实际情况写参数

[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ cat mydb.ora

db_name=mydb

control_files=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/control02.ctl

4.3 启动实例到NOMOUNT状态

[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 17:26:31 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile=/home/oracle/mydb.ora;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  217157632 bytes

Fixed Size        2251816 bytes

Variable Size        159384536 bytes

Database Buffers      50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers          5189632 bytes

4.4 创建spfile并重启到NOMOUNT状态

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/mydb.ora';

File created.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  217157632 bytes

Fixed Size        2251816 bytes

Variable Size        159384536 bytes

Database Buffers      50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers          5189632 bytes

4.4 执行CREATE DATABASE语句创建数据库

SQL> CREATE DATABASE mydb

2    USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle

3    USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle

4    LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo01.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,

5            GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo02.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,

6            GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo03.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512

7    MAXLOGFILES 5

8    MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

9    MAXLOGHISTORY 1

10    MAXDATAFILES 100

11    CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

12    NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

13    EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

14    DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

15    SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

16    DEFAULT TABLESPACE users

17        DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/users01.dbf'

18        SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

19    DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

20        TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/temp01.dbf'

21        SIZE 20M REUSE

22    UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs

23        DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/undotbs01.dbf'

24        SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

Database created.

4.5 执行创建数据字典脚本

conn / as sysdba

@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

conn system/oracle

@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

5、创建监听并启动

[oracle@rhel6 mydb]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ ls

samples  shrept.lst

[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ vi listener.ora

[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER=

(DESCRIPTION=

(ADDRESS_LIST=

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521))

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))

[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 21-DEC-2016 17:41:13

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                    LISTENER

Version                  TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date                21-DEC-2016 17:41:15

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 2 sec

Trace Level              off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File        /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully

6、测试

C:\Users\victor>sqlplus system/oracle@192.168.56.3/mydb

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on 星期三 12月 21 17:51:05 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

连接到:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE

--------------------

READ WRITE