python模拟生态系统

基于matplotlib库下animation、pyplot功能进行的一个生态的模拟程序，参考了一些网上可视化的教程和生态模拟的参数。在本程序中由4种东西构成生态系统，草、草食动物、肉食动物、空地，使用了搜索的算法、random函数来模拟动物进食关系，以及动物的捕食动向，最后通过times间隔每秒展示出animation动态图的画面。

import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import numpy as npdef addGrass(_num):for i in range(_num):x = np.random.randint(0, size)y = np.random.randint(0, size)while grid[x][y] != 0:x = np.random.randint(0, size)y = np.random.randint(0, size)grid[x][y] = 1  # 1代表草def addGrassEater(_num):for i in range(_num):x = np.random.randint(0, size)y = np.random.randint(0, size)while grid[x][y] != 0:x = np.random.randint(0, size)y = np.random.randint(0, size)grid[x][y] = 2  # 2代表食草动物def addMeatEater(_num):for i in range(_num):x = np.random.randint(0, size)y = np.random.randint(0, size)while grid[x][y] != 0 or growAround(x, y, 2) == [-1, -1]:x = np.random.randint(0, size)y = np.random.randint(0, size)grid[x][y] = 3  # 3代表食肉动物def growAround(_x, _y, _id):field = []if _x-1 < 0:x_begin = 0else:x_begin = _x-1if _y-1 < 0:y_begin = 0else:y_begin = _y-1if _x+1 > size-1:x_end = size-1else:x_end = _x+1if _y+1 > size-1:y_end = size-1else:y_end = _y+1for i in range(x_begin, x_end+1):for j in range(y_begin, y_end+1):if grid[i][j] == _id or grid[i][j] == _id*10:  # 2代表食草动物，1代表草，0代表空地field += [[i, j]]if len(field) == 0:  # 没有食物或者空地return [-1, -1]else:count = np.random.randint(0, len(field))return field[count]def fieldUpdate():for i in range(size):for j in range(size):if grid[i][j] == 30:grid[i][j] = 3elif grid[i][j] == 20:grid[i][j] = 2elif grid[i][j] == 10:grid[i][j] = 1def data_gen():for count in range(times):timesText.set_text('times: %d' % (count+1))for i in range(size):for j in range(size):if grid[i][j] == 3:place = growAround(i, j, 2)if place == [-1, -1]:grid[i][j] = 0  # 食肉动物死亡else:grid[i][j] = 0grid[place[0]][place[1]] = 30  # 食肉动物进食并移动growth = growAround(i, j, 0)if growth != [-1, -1]:grid[growth[0]][growth[1]] = 30  # 食肉动物繁殖if grid[i][j] == 2:place = growAround(i, j, 1)if place == [-1, -1]:grid[i][j] = 0  # 食草动物死亡else:grid[i][j] = 0grid[place[0]][place[1]] = 20  # 食草动物进食并移动growth = growAround(i, j, 0)if growth != [-1, -1]:grid[growth[0]][growth[1]] = 20  # 食草动物繁殖elif grid[i][j] == 1:growth = growAround(i, j, 0)if growth != [-1, -1]:grid[growth[0]][growth[1]] = 10  # 草生长fieldUpdate()yield griddef update(_data):ax.imshow(_data, interpolation='nearest', cmap='Set3', norm=norm)return axtimes = 100  # 迭代次数
size = 40
grid = np.zeros((size, size))  # 0代表空地
addGrass(1200)
addGrassEater(150)
addMeatEater(30)fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)
norm = matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmin=0, vmax=3)  # 固定数值对应的颜色映射
gci = ax.imshow(grid, interpolation='nearest', cmap='Set3', norm=norm)
ax.set_xticks([])
ax.set_yticks([])
cbar = plt.colorbar(gci)
cbar.set_ticks(np.linspace(0, 3, 4))
cbar.set_ticklabels(('Space', 'Grass', 'GrassEater', 'MeatEater'))
timesText = plt.text(-2, -2, 'times: 0')
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update, data_gen, interval=1000, repeat=False)plt.show()

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