堡垒机前戏

开发堡垒机之前，先来学习Python的paramiko模块，该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作

SSHClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令

基于用户名密码连接：

import paramiko

# 创建SSH对象

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# 连接服务器

ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', password='123')

# 执行命令

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

# 获取命令结果

result = stdout.read()

# 关闭连接

ssh.close()

importparamiko

transport= paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123')

ssh=paramiko.SSHClient()

ssh._transport=transport

stdin, stdout, stderr= ssh.exec_command('df')printstdout.read()

transport.close()

SSHClient 封装 Transport

基于公钥密钥连接：

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

# 创建SSH对象

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# 连接服务器

ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', key=private_key)

# 执行命令

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

# 获取命令结果

result = stdout.read()

# 关闭连接

ssh.close()

importparamiko

private_key= paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

transport= paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)

ssh=paramiko.SSHClient()

ssh._transport=transport

stdin, stdout, stderr= ssh.exec_command('df')

transport.close()

SSHClient 封装 Transport

importparamikofrom io importStringIO

key_str= """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAq7gLsqYArAFco02/55IgNg0r7NXOtEM3qXpb/dabJ5Uyky/8

NEHhFiQ7deHIRIuTW5Zb0kD6h6EBbVlUMBmwJrC2oSzySLU1w+ZNfH0PE6W6fans

H80whhuc/YgP+fjiO+VR/gFcqib8Rll5UfYzf5H8uuOnDeIXGCVgyHQSmt8if1+e

7hn1MVO1Lrm9Fco8ABI7dyv8/ZEwoSfh2C9rGYgA58LT1FkBRkOePbHD43xNfAYC

tfLvz6LErMnwdOW4sNMEWWAWv1fsTB35PAm5CazfKzmam9n5IQXhmUNcNvmaZtvP

c4f4g59mdsaWNtNaY96UjOfx83Om86gmdkKcnwIDAQABAoIBAQCnDBGFJuv8aA7A

ZkBLe+GN815JtOyye7lIS1n2I7En3oImoUWNaJEYwwJ8+LmjxMwDCtAkR0XwbvY+

c+nsKPEtkjb3sAu6I148RmwWsGncSRqUaJrljOypaW9dS+GO4Ujjz3/lw1lrxSUh

IqVc0E7kyRW8kP3QCaNBwArYteHreZFFp6XmtKMtXaEA3saJYILxaaXlYkoRi4k8

S2/K8aw3ZMR4tDCOfB4o47JaeiA/e185RK3A+mLn9xTDhTdZqTQpv17/YRPcgmwz

zu30fhVXQT/SuI0sO+bzCO4YGoEwoBX718AWhdLJFoFq1B7k2ZEzXTAtjEXQEWm6

01ndU/jhAasdfasdasdfasdfa3eraszxqwefasdfadasdffsFIfAsjQb4HdkmHuC

OeJrJOd+CYvdEeqJJNnF6AbHyYHIECkj0Qq1kEfLOEsqzd5nDbtkKBte6M1trbjl

HtJ2Yb8w6o/q/6Sbj7wf/cW3LIYEdeVCjScozVcQ9R83ea05J+QOAr4nAoGBAMaq

UzLJfLNWZ5Qosmir2oHStFlZpxspax/ln7DlWLW4wPB4YJalSVovF2Buo8hr8X65

lnPiE41M+G0Z7icEXiFyDBFDCtzx0x/RmaBokLathrFtI81UCx4gQPLaSVNMlvQA

539GsubSrO4LpHRNGg/weZ6EqQOXvHvkUkm2bDDJAoGATytFNxen6GtC0ZT3SRQM

WYfasdf3xbtuykmnluiofasd2sfmjnljkt7khghmghdasSDFGQfgaFoKfaawoYeH

C2XasVUsVviBn8kPSLSVBPX4JUfQmA6h8HsajeVahxN1U9e0nYJ0sYDQFUMTS2t8

RT57+WK/0ONwTWHdu+KnaJECgYEAid/ta8LQC3p82iNAZkpWlGDSD2yb/8rH8NQg

9tjEryFwrbMtfX9qn+8srx06B796U3OjifstjJQNmVI0qNlsJpQK8fPwVxRxbJS/

pMbNICrf3sUa4sZgDOFfkeuSlgACh4cVIozDXlR59Z8Y3CoiW0uObEgvMDIfenAj

98pl3ZkCgYEAj/UCSni0dwX4pnKNPm6LUgiS7QvIgM3H9piyt8aipQuzBi5LUKWw

DlQC4Zb73nHgdREtQYYXTu7p27Bl0Gizz1sW2eSgxFU8eTh+ucfVwOXKAXKU5SeI

+MbuBfUYQ4if2N/BXn47+/ecf3A4KgB37Le5SbLDddwCNxGlBzbpBa0=

-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""private_key= paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))

transport= paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)

ssh=paramiko.SSHClient()

ssh._transport=transport

stdin, stdout, stderr= ssh.exec_command('df')

result=stdout.read()

transport.close()print(result)

基于私钥字符串进行连接

SFTPClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载

基于用户名密码上传下载

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname',22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi',password='123')

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')

# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path

sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

基于公钥密钥上传下载

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key )

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')

# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path

sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

#!/usr/bin/env python#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

importparamikoimportuuidclassHaproxy(object):def __init__(self):

self.host= '172.16.103.191'self.port= 22self.username= 'wupeiqi'self.pwd= '123'self.__k =Nonedefcreate_file(self):

file_name=str(uuid.uuid4())

with open(file_name,'w') as f:

f.write('sb')returnfile_namedefrun(self):

self.connect()

self.upload()

self.rename()

self.close()defconnect(self):

transport=paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))

transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)

self.__transport =transportdefclose(self):

self.__transport.close()defupload(self):#连接，上传

file_name =self.create_file()

sftp= paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)#将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

sftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py')defrename(self):

ssh=paramiko.SSHClient()

ssh._transport= self.__transport

#执行命令

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py')#获取命令结果

result =stdout.read()

ha=Haproxy()

ha.run()

Demo

堡垒机的实现

实现思路：

堡垒机执行流程：

管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号(将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码)

用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表

用户选择服务器，并自动登陆

执行操作并同时将用户操作记录

注：配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py

实现过程

步骤一，实现用户登陆

import getpass

user = raw_input('username:')

pwd = getpass.getpass('password')

if user == 'alex' and pwd == '123':

print '登陆成功'

else:

print '登陆失败'

步骤二，根据用户获取相关服务器列表

dic = {

'alex': [

'172.16.103.189',

'c10.puppet.com',

'c11.puppet.com',

],

'eric': [

'c100.puppet.com',

]

}

host_list = dic['alex']

print 'please select:'

for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1):

print index, item

inp = raw_input('your select (No):')

inp = int(inp)

hostname = host_list[inp-1]

port = 22

步骤三，根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器

tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,))

tran.start_client()

default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')

key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)

tran.auth_publickey('wupeiqi', key)

# 打开一个通道

chan = tran.open_session()

# 获取一个终端

chan.get_pty()

# 激活器

chan.invoke_shell()

#########

# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作

# 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器

# 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回

# 用户终端显示内容

#########

chan.close()

tran.close()

whileTrue:#监视用户输入和服务器返回数据

#sys.stdin 处理用户输入

#chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息

readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)if chan inreadable:try:

x= chan.recv(1024)if len(x) ==0:print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',breaksys.stdout.write(x)

sys.stdout.flush()exceptsocket.timeout:pass

if sys.stdin inreadable:

inp=sys.stdin.readline()

chan.sendall(inp)

肆意妄为方式一

#获取原tty属性

oldtty =termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)try:#为tty设置新属性

#默认当前tty设备属性：

#输入一行回车，执行

#CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。

#这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号

#放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器

tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())

chan.settimeout(0.0)whileTrue:#监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据(socket)

#阻塞，直到句柄可读

r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)if chan inr:try:

x= chan.recv(1024)if len(x) ==0:print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',breaksys.stdout.write(x)

sys.stdout.flush()exceptsocket.timeout:pass

if sys.stdin inr:

x= sys.stdin.read(1)if len(x) ==0:breakchan.send(x)finally:#重新设置终端属性

termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

肆意妄为方式二

defwindows_shell(chan):importthreading

sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")defwriteall(sock):whileTrue:

data= sock.recv(256)if notdata:

sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')

sys.stdout.flush()breaksys.stdout.write(data)

sys.stdout.flush()

writer= threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))

writer.start()try:whileTrue:

d= sys.stdin.read(1)if notd:breakchan.send(d)exceptEOFError:#user hit ^Z or F6

pass

肆意妄为方式三

注：密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)

详见：paramiko源码demo

数据库操作

Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装

linux：

yum install MySQL-python

window：

http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip

SQL基本使用

1、数据库操作

show databases;

use [databasename];

create database [name];

2、数据表操作

show tables;

create table students

(

id int not null auto_increment primary key,

name char(8) not null,

sex char(4) not null,

age tinyint unsigned not null,

tel char(13) null default "-"

);

CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` (

`id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL,

`catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',

`title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

`content` text NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`)

) ;

View Code

3、数据操作

insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values('alex','man',18,'151515151')

delete from students where id =2;

update students set name = 'sb' where id =1;

select * from students

4、其他

主键

外键

左右连接

Python MySQL API

一、插入数据

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',('alex','usa'))

# reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'})

conn.commit()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

importMySQLdb

conn= MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur=conn.cursor()

li=[

('alex','usa'),

('sb','usa'),

]

reCount= cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li)

conn.commit()

cur.close()

conn.close()print reCount

批量插入数据

注意：cur.lastrowid

二、删除数据

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('delete from UserInfo')

conn.commit()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

三、修改数据

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('update UserInfo set Name = %s',('alin',))

conn.commit()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

四、查数据

# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ##############################

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('select * from UserInfo')

print cur.fetchone()

print cur.fetchone()

cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative')

print cur.fetchone()

print cur.fetchone()

cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')

print cur.fetchone()

print cur.fetchone()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

# ############################## fetchall ##############################

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('select Name,Address from UserInfo')

nRet = cur.fetchall()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

print nRet

for i in nRet:

print i[0],i[1]