短线技术指标最佳组合

by Colin Smith

通过科林·史密斯

如何为您选择最佳的技术职业道路 (How to choose the best tech career path for you)

Dev Ops，移动工程师，数据科学家，项目经理和前端-最适合您的是什么？ (Dev Ops, Mobile Engineer, Data Scientist, Project Manager, and Front End — what’s best for you?)

I’ve worked in tech for four years, and I still come across roles that I don’t understand very well. There are so many ways to build a career in tech. I know that when I started looking for my first job, I was clueless about the differences between career paths. If you asked me what a site reliability engineer did, I wouldn’t have been able to tell you.

我从事技术工作已经四年了，但仍然遇到一些我不太了解的角色。 建立技术职业的方法有很多。 我知道，当我开始寻找第一份工作时，我对职业道路之间的差异一无所知。 如果您问我站点可靠性工程师做了什么，我将无法告诉您。

I get a lot of questions about career paths in tech. I thought I would write an article about it so I could point people to it. I’ll be using Business Insider’s article listing the 20 best tech jobs in America in 2018 as a reference. This is a good list of relevant tech paths with good upward mobility. They are highly in demand and will allow you to get a job at a good company with good pay. Hopefully, this will help you decide the path you will take. So let's start:

我对技术职业道路有很多疑问。 我以为我会写一篇关于它的文章，这样我就可以指出人们。 我将以《商业内幕》(Business Insider)的文章作为参考，列出2018年美国20个最佳技术职位 。 这是具有良好的向上移动性的相关技术路线的好清单。 他们的需求量很大，可以让您在高薪的好公司找到工作。 希望这将帮助您确定要走的道路。 因此，让我们开始：

移动开发者 (Mobile Developer)

What do they do?

他们在做什么？

Mobile developers are the people that build apps for companies. If you’ve ever used an Android or iOS device, then you’ve directly interacted with a mobile developer’s work. There are other development platforms for mobile such as Windows phone. But for the most part, when people say “Mobile Developer”, they’re most likely talking about an Android or iOS developer.

移动开发人员是为公司开发应用程序的人。 如果您曾经使用过Android或iOS设备，那么您就直接与移动开发人员的工作进行了互动。 还有其他移动开发平台，例如Windows Phone。 但是在大多数情况下，当人们说“移动开发人员”时，他们很可能在谈论Android或iOS开发人员。

Why should I choose this career path?

我为什么要选择这种职业道路？

You should become a mobile developer if you want to use your eye for design and attention to visual detail alongside your technical prowess. Mobile developers work heavily with designers to put out beautiful, easy to use and performant mobile apps.

如果您想用自己的眼睛来设计和关注视觉细节以及技术能力，就应该成为移动开发人员。 移动开发人员与设计师紧密合作，推出了美观，易于使用且性能卓越的移动应用程序。

You should also choose this path if you are interested in mobile devices and how they work. Mobile developers that focus on infrastructure have to consider limited device resources. They also must have in-depth knowledge of how a mobile device works to make the apps they work on performant.

如果您对移动设备及其工作方式感兴趣，也应该选择此路径。 专注于基础架构的移动开发人员必须考虑有限的设备资源。 他们还必须对移动设备的工作原理有深入的了解，才能使他们的应用在性能上表现出色。

How do I get started?

我该如何开始？

This depends on if you want to focus on iOS or Android. I’d personally recommend learning Android for two reasons. Java is probably a more useful language to learn over Swift or Objective-C and the fact that 75% of the world uses Android compared to 21% using iOS. This is according to statcounter.com. That being said, if you have a particular passion for one platform over the other, go with your passion.

这取决于您是否要专注于iOS或Android。 我个人建议学习Android有两个原因。 Java可能是通过Swift或Objective-C学习的一种更有用的语言，而且世界上75％的人使用Android，而21％的iOS使用。 据statcounter.com称 。 话虽这么说，如果您对某个平台比其他平台更感兴趣，那就放手吧。

For Android, read this article. This goes over the nitty-gritty of how to get started. For iOS, watch this video on raywenderlich.com. Ray Wenderlich’s website is an excellent resource for iOS in general.

对于Android，请阅读本文 。 这超越了如何入门的本质。 对于iOS，请在raywenderlich.com上观看此视频 。 一般来说，Ray Wenderlich的网站是iOS的绝佳资源。

数据科学家 (Data Scientist)

What do they do?

他们在做什么？

Data scientists help businesses solve problems through the processing of data. So what does that mean? A software engineer will implement some logging somewhere on a website or mobile app. This gets processed and eventually gets to the data scientists. The data scientists will then gather all these data points and derive insights from them.

数据科学家通过处理数据来帮助企业解决问题。 那是什么意思呢？ 软件工程师将在网站或移动应用程序的某处实现一些日志记录。 这将得到处理，并最终交给数据科学家。 然后，数据科学家将收集所有这些数据点并从中获取见解。

We can use an e-commerce website as an example. After looking at a few different data points, a data scientist notices that only 0.5% of people that add an item to the cart end up making a purchase. The data scientist then hypothesizes that this could be the reason for the decline in revenue last month. They check the rate three months ago and see that it was at 5%.

我们可以以电子商务网站为例。 在查看了几个不同的数据点后，数据科学家注意到只有0.5％的将商品添加到购物车的人最终进行了购买。 然后，数据科学家假设这可能是上个月收入下降的原因。 他们在三个月前检查了利率，发现利率是5％。

It looks like that is probably the reason for the drop in revenue. They surface this to the right stakeholders. These stakeholders find out that there was a crash occurring during purchasing that caused the problem. This may not have been found if a data scientist didn’t work at the company.

看来这可能是收入下降的原因。 他们向正确的利益相关者展示这一点。 这些利益相关者发现，在购买过程中发生了崩溃，从而导致了问题。 如果没有数据科学家在公司工作，可能找不到。

Data scientists can also work to spot new paths to growth and ways to improve current products based off of data. The sky is the limit on how a data scientist can be leveraged at a company.

数据科学家还可以根据数据发现新的增长途径和改进当前产品的方法。 天空是如何在公司中利用数据科学家的极限。

Why should I choose this career path?

我为什么要选择这种职业道路？

Become a data scientist if you love looking at data and trying to see patterns. Data scientists provide value by looking over data and trying to discover insights that will help their company grow. You have to love trying to come up with reasons for why specific patterns are occurring. You also have to have a deep understanding of the products you are working with, so you can vet hypotheses around your data insights.

如果您喜欢查看数据并尝试查看模式，请成为数据科学家。 数据科学家通过查看数据并试图发现有助于其公司发展的见识来提供价值。 您必须喜欢尝试提出出现特定模式的原因。 您还必须对正在使用的产品有深刻的了解，以便可以审查有关数据洞察力的假设。

How do I get started?

我该如何开始？

I would start with this course on Coursera which first gives you a better understanding of how data drives business decisions. If that course deepens your interest, start with this article that recommends some great ways to start learning.

我将从在Coursera上的本课程开始，它首先使您对数据如何驱动业务决策有更好的了解。 如果该课程加深了您的兴趣，请从本文开始，为您推荐一些入门的好方法。

专案经理 (Project Manager)

What do they do?

他们在做什么？

Project managers do exactly what their title implies, they manage products. But what exactly does that mean? Well, as a project manager, you need to have a high level view of the product you are working on.

项目经理完全按照其职权范围行事，管理产品。 但是那到底是什么意思呢？ 嗯，作为项目经理，您需要对正在使用的产品有一个高层次的了解。

You need to make sure everyone is executing and working on the most relevant tasks so you can ship your product on time. You need to understand what every person on the team is doing, how they’re doing it and when they’ll be done. You line up all the pieces so that the final product has everything it needs in the timeline you provided to the higher-ups.

您需要确保每个人都在执行和执行最相关的任务，以便您可以按时发货。 您需要了解团队中每个人的工作，他们的工作方式以及何时完成。 您将所有作品都排成一行，以便最终产品在您提供给上司的时间表中拥有它所需的一切。

This also means you need to help unblock people when they’re stuck. You need to organize meetings with other teams if you are dependent on them for finishing your product. You need to run sync up meetings for your team to ensure everyone is on track and not having issues.

这也意味着您需要在人们被困时帮助他们解除封锁。 如果您依赖其他团队来完成产品，则需要组织会议。 您需要为团队运行同步会议，以确保每个人都按计划进行并且没有问题。

The hardest part about being a project manager is ensuring that everything gets done on time and with quality. You also need to make sure the people on your team aren’t overwhelmed. This is always a delicate balance.

成为项目经理最难的部分是确保一切都按时完成且质量可靠。 您还需要确保团队中的人员不被淹没。 这始终是微妙的平衡。

Why should I choose this career path?

我为什么要选择这种职业道路？

You are organized and love collaborating with others. You are able to balance the needs of many in order to deliver on a high quality product. You understand the trade off between time and quality and know when to push back for either.

您有条理，喜欢与他人合作。 您可以平衡许多需求，以便交付高质量的产品。 您了解时间和质量之间的权衡，并且知道何时推迟。

Lets say the people waiting for your product demand that you finish it in 2 months when you know it will take 4 months to deliver a quality product. You must have the ability to provide convincing evidence for why you need the extra time. You also have to ensure that you don’t bow to pressure.

假设等待您产品的人们要求您在2个月内完成产品，而您知道交付优质产品将需要4个月。 您必须有能力提供令人信服的证据，说明为什么您需要额外的时间。 您还必须确保不要屈服于压力。

Being a project manager requires maintaining a perfect balance between delivery date and quality.

作为项目经理，需要在交付日期和质量之间保持完美的平衡。

The opposite can be true also. Sometimes developers say that something will take 1 month when you’ve seen it done in 3 days before. You ask questions and find out that the developer wants to over-engineer this certain piece of work even though you know the product doesn’t need it. You have to figure out a way to get the developer to only build what is needed.

反之亦然。 有时，开发人员会说某件事需要3个月才能完成，而您需要花1个月的时间。 您问问题，发现即使您知道产品不需要，开发人员也要对这部分工作进行过度设计。 您必须想办法让开发人员只构建所需的东西。

Like I said before, being able to work effectively with others while being organized and keeping a product on track is what it is all about. This is incredibly difficult. You need to have high level knowledge of a product but deep enough knowledge about every piece that you can keep people accountable for their work.

就像我之前说过的那样，能够在组织工作的同时与他人有效地合作并保持产品的正常运转是其全部目的。 这是非常困难的。 您需要对产品有较高的了解，但是对每件产品都有足够的了解，可以使人们对其工作负责。

How do I get started?

我该如何开始？

A lot of project managers in tech use Agile and Scrum methodologies to organize their work. I would get started by looking into obtaining Scrum certifications. Take a look at the Scrum website for more details.

许多技术领域的项目经理都使用敏捷和Scrum方法来组织他们的工作。 我将首先开始获得Scrum认证。 有关更多详细信息，请访问Scrum网站。

Project manager’s tend to have a business administration degree or a project management degree. If you are already working on a computer science degree, you can consider getting a minor in one of these subject areas.

项目经理倾向于具有工商管理学位或项目管理学位。 如果您已经在攻读计算机科学学位，则可以考虑在其中一个学科领域获得辅修学位。

Another great way to get into project management is to manage a small project with your friends or an open source project. Practice makes perfect and real life application of project management skills will make you stand out as a candidate.

进入项目管理的另一种好方法是与您的朋友或一个开源项目一起管理一个小项目。 实践使项目管理技能的完美和现实应用使您脱颖而出。

You can also start getting familiar with project management tools such as Trello, Jira, Quip, Excel and many more. Being familiar with the software a project manager uses will help you build your skills in project management.

您还可以开始熟悉项目管理工具，例如Trello，Jira，Quip，Excel等。 熟悉项目经理使用的软件将帮助您建立项目管理技能。

前端工程师 (Front end engineer)

What do they do?

他们在做什么？

Front end engineers use HTML, CSS and JavaScript to build UI for websites. They focus on aspects that are important to the website such as accessibility, security, usability and performance. If you’ve ever logged into a website or bought something from an e-commerce store on your web browser, then you’ve interacted with a front end engineer’s code. Check out this awesome article for even more details.

前端工程师使用HTML，CSS和JavaScript来构建网站的UI。 他们专注于对网站重要的方面，例如可访问性，安全性，可用性和性能。 如果您曾经登录过网站或在Web浏览器上从电子商务商店购买了商品，那么您已经与前端工程师的代码进行了交互。 请查看这篇很棒的文章，以了解更多详细信息。

Why should I choose this career path?

我为什么要选择这种职业道路？

In a lot of ways, this job is similar to a mobile engineer’s job. They both build UI and should have a certain attention to detail when it comes to visual elements. They both work with designers to implement UI that is both performant and a delight to use. The main difference would be the languages and tools used and the fact that mobile developers are creating applications instead of websites.

在许多方面，该工作类似于移动工程师的工作。 他们都建立了UI，并且在涉及视觉元素时应特别注意细节。 他们俩都与设计师合作，以实现既高性能又易于使用的UI。 主要区别在于所使用的语言和工具，以及移动开发人员正在创建应用程序而非网站的事实。

You should be a front end engineer if you are the kind of person that likes learning and using new languages and tech stacks. Being a front end engineer requires the use of HTML, CSS, JavaScript and SQL. On top of that, you will most likely need to know some back end server-side framework like Django, Ruby on Rails, or .Net.

如果您是那种喜欢学习和使用新语言和新技术的人，那么您应该是一名前端工程师 。 成为前端工程师需要使用HTML，CSS，JavaScript和SQL。 最重要的是，您很可能需要了解一些后端服务器端框架，例如Django，Ruby on Rails或.Net。

Another reason to consider this path is if you are interested in problems around scaling. A mobile application will only ever serve one user at a time. This is due to the fact that only one person can use a mobile device at a time. A website has to serve potentially millions of people at the same time. This requires a different mindset and approach to prevent bottlenecks from occurring.

选择此路径的另一个原因是，如果您对缩放问题感兴趣。 一个移动应用程序一次只能服务一个用户。 这是由于一次只有一个人可以使用移动设备的事实。 一个网站必须同时服务数以百万计的人。 这需要不同的思维方式和方法来防止出现瓶颈。

How do I get started?

我该如何开始？

This one is easy :) Just checkout freeCodeCamp’s course. This will give you all the skills you need to become a proficient front end engineer.

这很容易:)只需检查freeCodeCamp的课程 。 这将为您提供成为熟练的前端工程师所需的所有技能。

DevOps工程师 (DevOps Engineer)

What do they do?

他们在做什么？

This is by far the hardest role to explain. Because there is a lot of debate about whether this is really a role or actually just a mindset. The idea can be broken down into the fact that a DevOps engineer takes on both a developer and an operations job. Hence the term “DevOps”. Let’s look at each of these roles.

到目前为止，这是最难解释的角色。 因为关于这到底是一种角色还是实际上只是一种心态，存在很多争论。 这个想法可以分解为以下事实：DevOps工程师同时承担开发人员和运营工作。 因此，术语“ DevOps”。 让我们看看这些角色中的每一个。

In general, software engineers want to build as many features as possible so they will look good to the higher ups. One of those new fancy features is bound to help the company grow which makes the software engineer look good.

通常，软件工程师希望构建尽可能多的功能，以便对更高版本的用户看起来不错。 这些新奇的功能之一势必会帮助公司发展，从而使软件工程师看起来不错。

An operations engineer wants stability. Which means they don’t want software engineers to release too many new features. Because with new features comes unpredictability. And with unpredictability, comes instability. The operations engineer just wants every new release to be stable. They want the release process to go smoothly. But releasing too many features or features of high risk threatens this goal, which is exactly what most software engineers are aiming to do.

运营工程师需要稳定性。 这意味着他们不希望软件工程师发布太多的新功能。 因为新功能带来了不可预测性。 随之而来的是不可预测性。 运营工程师只是希望每个新版本都稳定。 他们希望发布过程能够顺利进行。 但是发布太多功能或高风险功能会威胁到这一目标，而这正是大多数软件工程师旨在实现的目标。

These two roles obviously seem at odds but that is why a DevOps engineer can be so useful. A DevOps engineer can bridge the gap between development and operations. By doing this, they create meaningful communication routes between these sometimes silo-ed areas. A DevOps engineer creates a feature and sees it safely to production where it makes users satisfied. Being able to do this is highly valued at any company.

这两个角色显然是矛盾的，但这就是DevOps工程师如此有用的原因。 DevOps工程师可以弥合开发与运营之间的鸿沟 。 通过这样做，他们在这些有时孤立的区域之间创建了有意义的通信路径。 DevOps工程师会创建一个功能，并在使用户满意的产品中安全地看到它。 能够做到这一点在任何公司中都受到高度重视。

Why should I choose this career path?

我为什么要选择这种职业道路？

You should choose this career path if you are not only interested in coding features, but want to learn about how to release your code to a production environment. You should have the drive to learn about every aspect of software engineering and release engineering.

如果您不仅对编码功能感兴趣，还想了解如何将代码发布到生产环境中，则应该选择此职业道路。 您应该有动力去学习软件工程和发行工程的各个方面。

You will most likely need years of experience to be termed as a “DevOps” engineer due to the vast amount of knowledge and tools you will need to learn. You should love learning new things. The idea of knowing every aspect of your tech stack should excite you. If you want to become the person that everyone goes to when something unexpected happens, then you should look into becoming a DevOps engineer.

由于您将需要学习大量的知识和工具，因此您很可能需要多年的经验才能被称为“ DevOps”工程师。 您应该喜欢学习新事物。 了解您技术堆栈的各个方面的想法应该会激发您的兴趣。 如果您想成为遇到意外情况时每个人都会去的人，那么您应该考虑成为一名DevOps工程师。

How do I get started?

我该如何开始？

I’d get started by learning about how code gets released into a production environment for starters. This can be done by building your own website, and deploying it yourself. The best way is to work for a company for a while and work on every part of the deployment process. Volunteer to fix problems that others don’t want to deal with. That is a great way to learn.

首先，我将学习如何将代码发布到初学者的生产环境中。 这可以通过建立自己的网站并自行部署来完成。 最好的方法是为公司工作一段时间，并在部署过程的每个部分上工作。 自愿解决别人不想处理的问题。 那是学习的好方法。

Other than that, I’d recommend reading this article on how to get into DevOps. It is very well written gives even more actionable ways to become a DevOps engineer.

除此之外，我建议阅读这篇有关如何进入DevOps的文章 。 写得很好，提供了更多可行的方法来成为DevOps工程师。

没看到您要找的角色吗？ (Didn’t see the role you were looking for?)

If you enjoyed my summaries of these roles but didn’t see the role that you wanted, leave a comment! I will do another round of these career path overviews for the most clapped comments. Hopefully you enjoyed these summaries of these tech career paths. My hope is that you at least have a better understanding of the breadth of skills and knowledge it takes to release good tech to the world.

如果您喜欢我对这些角色的总结，但没有看到所需的角色，请发表评论！ 对于最鼓掌的意见，我将对这些职业道路进行另一轮概述。 希望您喜欢这些技术职业道路的摘要。 我希望您至少能更好地了解将优质技术推向世界的技能和知识的广度。

对于最鼓掌的意见，我将对这些职业道路进行另一轮概述。 (I will do another round of these career path overviews for the most clapped comments.)

喜欢您阅读的内容吗？ (Liked what you read?)

Read about how I went from being a broke English teacher in Japan to working at a top tech company in just a few years!

了解我如何在短短的几年间从在日本成为一名疲惫的英语老师到在一家高科技公司工作的经历！

Do you need a computer science degree to get a job in tech?

您需要计算机科学学位才能从事技术工作吗？

Passing your first tech interview: how to prepare.

通过您的第一次技术面试：如何准备。

Swift vs. Objective-C. How do they compare?

Swift与Objective-C。 他们如何比较？

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-choose-the-best-tech-career-path-for-you-61c4d5ff9a77/

短线技术指标最佳组合