为什么VDI(桌面虚拟化)对于硬核UNIX/Linux工程应用程序是有意义的?

Why VDI Makes Sense for Hard-Core UNIX and Linux
Engineering Applications
为什么VDI(桌面虚拟化)对于硬核UNIX/Linux工程应用程序是有意义的?
By Brian Madden, BrianMadden.com
By now, everyone has heard the terms desktop virtualization and VDI. It seems like we’ve been pounded with marketing propaganda about these technologies from companies like VMware, Citrix and Microsoft since 2006. But if desktop virtualization is so good, why are most of the world’s desktops still “old-style” physical desktops and laptops?
现如今，每个人都听说过桌面虚拟化和VDI这个词。自 2006 年以来，我们就饱受来自于 VMware，Citrix 和 Microsoft 等公司的有关这些技术的营销宣传的冲击。但是，如果桌面虚拟化真的那么好的话，为什么现在世界上大多数的桌面环境仍然是“老式”的物理台式机和笔记本电脑呢?
And that’s particularly true in the context of high-end, graphically intensive UNIX and Linux engineering applications. Many people view desktop virtualization and virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) as an edge solution geared more toward simple Windows-based, Office-like applications. But many hard-core engineering apps run on UNIX, with the incorrect perception being that they require “real” engineering workstations and aren’t appropriate for VDI.
在高端、图形密集型UNIX 和 Linux工程应用程序的环境中尤其如此。许多人将桌面虚拟化 (VDI)视为一种边缘解决方案，更适合于基于 Windows 的简单的，类似Office 的应用程序。但是许多硬核工程应用程序都在UNIX上运行，很多人错误地认为运行它们需要“真实的” 工程工作站，不适合VDI。
Desktop Virtualization? Seriously?
桌面虚拟化?你是认真的吗?
Let’s take a step back and make sure we’re all on the same page: Desktop virtualization is a somewhat generic umbrella term that describes any of the technologies that allow IT organizations to separate the management of desktops and applications from the devices users use.
让我们先退后一步，确保我们的认知是相同的:桌面虚拟化其实是一个笼统的术语，它描述的是允许 IT 部门将用户桌面和应用程序的管理与用户使用的设备分离开来的技术。
In the old days (you know, like 2003), everything was physical. If a user needed a workstation or laptop, IT physically installed a local operating system and physically loaded the user’s applications onto it. Users were essentially locked to their devices — their apps were there, their data was there, and the environment was there. If a workstation or laptop was broken, lost, stolen or locked in the office when the user was at home, the user was out of luck: No work was getting done.
在以往(比如在 2003 年)，一切设备都是物理实际存在的。如果用户需要工作站或便携式计算机，则 IT 部门会安装本地操作系统，然后将用户的应用程序实际加载到本地操作系统上。用户与他们的设备捆绑在了一起——他们的应用程序在设备上，数据在设备上，工作环境也在设备上。如果工作站或者笔记本电脑坏了、丢了或是锁在了办公室里(当用户回到家里的时候)，那就倒霉了，什么工作都做不了。
That was the physical world of 10 years ago. It applied to servers, data centers, workstations and laptops.
10 年前的现实世界就是这样。那时的服务器、数据中心、工作站和便携式计算机就是这个样子的。
But then, everything changed. The idea of virtualization evolved from mainframes to x86-based computers, and suddenly we realized that servers were nothing more than disk images that we could run on any physical piece of hardware. This enabled us to do all sorts of cool things, like instantly provisioning new virtual servers without buying new physical ones. We could move our virtual servers on demand so they would always run on physical hardware with plenty of resources. We could even move them while they were running in order to perform maintenance activities on physical servers without affecting service to users.
但是后来，一切都变了。虚拟化的思想从大型机发展到基于 x86 的计算机，突然我们意识到服务器不过是可以在任何物理硬件上运行的磁盘映像而已。这使我们能够做各种很酷的事情，例如立即配置新的虚拟服务器而无需购买新的物理服务器。我们可以根据需要移动虚拟服务器，以便它们始终在具有大量资源的物理硬件上运行。我们甚至可以在它们运行时迁移它们，以便在物理服务器上执行维护活动，而不会影响用户的使用。
In a few short years, we quickly realized that virtual servers were better than physical servers in every way.
短短几年时间，我们迅速意识到，虚拟服务器几乎在任何方面都比物理服务器更好。
As such, it didn’t take long for people to ask, “Hey, since this virtualization thing is so good for servers, why can’t we do the same thing for desktops?” And in a flash, the concept of desktop virtualization was born.
这样，人们很快就问到:“嘿，既然这种虚拟化对服务器非常有用，为什么我们不能对台式机做同样的事情?”瞬间，桌面虚拟化的概念就开始了。
Of course, virtualizing servers was easy because they already lived in the data center. So converting a physical server to a virtual server was fairly trivial, and users didn’t even notice (or care). But if IT wanted to virtualize a desktop, what exactly would that look like?
当然，虚拟化服务器很容易，因为它们已经存在于数据中心中。因此，将物理服务器转换为虚拟服务器非常简单，用户甚至没有注意到(或根本不关心)。但是，如果 IT 部门希望虚拟化桌面，那将是什么样子?
One method is to run the user’s desktop OS in a virtual machine on his workstation or laptop. Doing so gives IT organizations many of the benefits of virtualization — in that IT doesn’t have to worry about hardware compatibility and management of the client device — but it’s really not too different from the traditional model in use for the past 20 years.
一种方法是在用户的工作站或笔记本电脑上的虚拟机中运行用户的桌面操作系统。这样做为 IT 带来了虚拟化的许多好处——IT 部门不必担心硬件兼容性和客户端设备的管理。但是这种方式其实与过去 20 年来传统的使用方式没有太大区别(应用与数据还是在用户电脑上)。
Another and much more impactful way to virtualize users’ desktops is to physically “move” each user’s desktop OS and applications off the physical desktops and into the data center. Then, users access their desktops via remote protocol, essentially allowing them to remotely control own data center-based personal desktops from anywhere in the world.
另一种变化更大的桌面虚拟化方案是将用户的桌面操作系统和应用程序从用户电脑转移到数据中心中。用户通过远程协议访问他们的桌面，他们可以从世界任何地方远程控制自己的托管在数据中心的个人桌面。
Data center-based desktop virtualization comes in many flavors, broadly divided into either VDI, where each user has a full virtual machine in the data center, or session virtualization, where each user connects to a single user session on a shared server in a data center. (Session virtualization has been around since the 1990s in various forms, including Microsoft Terminal Server, Microsoft Remote Desktop Session Host, Citrix MetaFrame and Citrix XenApp.)
基于数据中心的桌面虚拟化有多种形式，大致分为 VDI(其中每个用户在数据中心拥有完整的虚拟机)和会话虚拟化(每个用户连接到数据中心的共享服务器上的单个用户会话)。其实自 1990 年代以来，会话虚拟化就以各种形式出现了。包括 Microsoft 终端服务器， Microsoft 远程桌面会话主机，Citrix MetaFrame 和 Citrix XenApp。
This paper focuses on data center-based desktop virtualization, including its advantages, disadvantages and how it can be used to deliver high-end UNIX and Linux engineering environments to users anywhere in the world.
本文主要讨论基于数据中心的桌面虚拟化，包括它的优缺点，以及如何使用它来为全球各地的用户提供高端的 UNIX 和 Linux 工程环境。
Wait: Is This Stuff Even Real Today?
等等:这个东西今天真的已经实现了吗?
When I talk about data center-based desktop virtualization and VDI, I often hear objections like: “Hey, I tried Citrix [or VDI] a few years ago, and it sucked!” Or people say, “Yeah, that VDI thing is fine for simple applications like Web browsing and office suites, but I have graphically intense, high-performance applications that require OpenGL, DirectX and great user performance.” Still others believe that VDI is just about Microsoft Windows applications and that there’s no option for UNIX or Linux environments.
当我谈论基于数据中心的桌面虚拟化和 VDI 的时候，我经常听到这样的质疑声:“我几年前试用过 Citrix 或 VDI，它太差劲了!”或者人们会说:“是的，VDI 对于网页浏览或者办公套件类的简单应用是不错，但是我有图形密集的高性能应用程序，它们需要 OpenGL，DirectX 和出色的用户性能。”人们仍然认为，VDI 只是适用于微软窗口应用，对于 UNIX/Linux 环境没有好的虚拟化方案。
So let’s clear the air right now: Hosting desktops in a data center is vastly different today compared with even a few years ago, and it’s like night and day from five to 10 years ago.
让我们来澄清一个事实:与几年前相比，今天在数据中心托管桌面的场景已经大不相同。与 5 到 10 年前相比，两者的差别犹如白天跟黑夜。
I also find that when I talk about remote desktops and applications, it turns out that most users have tried only the basic access protocols — typically Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) for Microsoft Windows desktops or virtual network computing (VNC) for UNIX or Linux desktops. But today’s remoting protocols are not RDP or VNC.
我还发现，当我谈论远程桌面和远程应用的时候，很多用户实际上只使用过最基本的访问协议——典型的像访问 Windows 桌面的 RDP 协议和访问 UNIX/Linux 桌面的 VNC。但是今天的远程协议已经远远不止是 RDP 或 VNC.
We now have many high-end protocol options, including Citrix HDX, Teradici PC-over-IP and Microsoft RemoteFX for Windows environments; Thin X Protocol, used by OpenText Exceed VA TurboX for UNIX and Linux. We also have extremely powerful options for putting high-end hardware in the servers that power our virtual desktops. We can install GPU card that offer OpenGL and DirectX support to the desktop virtual machines they run, and we have options to support “blade workstations,” where we can install workstation-class blade hardware in the data center that is every bit as powerful as anything we can install on a user’s desk. And, again, thanks to advanced remoting protocols, we can actually deliver a high-performance experience to connect users into their high-end remote workstations.
我们现在有许多高端的协议可供选择。Windows 环境下有 Citrix HDX, Teradici PC-over-IP 和 Microsoft RemoteFX。UNIX/Linux 环境有Thin X协议，OpenText 公司的 Exceed TurboX 用的就是这个协议。我们现在也可以将高端的硬件加入到服务器中，为虚拟桌面提供服务。我们可以安装 GPU 卡，为它们运行的桌面虚拟机提供 OpenGL 和 DirectX 支持。我们提供了支持“刀片式工作站”的选项，在这里我们可以在数据中心中安装工作站级刀片式硬件，其功能与我们可以在用户办公桌上安装的任何功能一样强大。同样，借助先进的远程协议，我们可以为接入的远程用户提供高性能的体验。
So back in 2008, I would have agreed with someone who said, “Desktop virtualization is fine for office apps, but not for engineering apps or UNIX or Linux environments.” But that is simply not true now. The industry has created technologies that make this possible for all apps — whether they’re Windows, UNIX or Linux, or whether they need multiple CPU cores or GPUs or intensive storage.
如果回到 2008 年，我可能会同意这样的看法:桌面虚拟化对于办公应用很友好，但是并不适用于工程应用或者是 UNIX/Linux 环境。但是现在世道变了。业界已经创造了适用于所有应用程序的技术——无论它们是 Windows，UNIX 还是 Linux，或者是否需要多个 CPU 内核， GPU或密集存储。
Benefits of Data Center-Hosted Desktops for Engineering Apps
数据中心托管的桌面带给工程应用程序的好处
There are many benefits of data center-hosted desktops. Some are obvious, while others are a bit more subtle. The good news is that there are benefits that apply to all involved — the overall business, IT management and end users. Let’s take a look at each of these.
数据中心托管的桌面有很多好处。有些显而易见，有些却没那么明显。好消息是，对于参与其中的各方都有好处，不管是对整个业务、IT 管理还是终端用户。下面我们具体来谈一谈。
Access critical engineering applications from anywhere
从任何地点访问关键工程应用程序
The fundamental advantage of data center-hosted virtual desktops and applications is that your users can access your engineering applications from anywhere. They do not need to be in the same building, city or country as the data center. They can access high-end UNIX and Linux engineering applications with specialized requirements (such as OpenGL) from client devices running different platforms and with different form factors via one of the solutions mentioned earlier that support high-end remoting protocols or a Web plug-in, rather than requiring the specific engineering environment to be installed locally.
数据中心托管的虚拟桌面和应用程序的基本优点是您的用户可以从任何地方访问您的工程应用程序。他们不需要与数据中心身处同一建筑、同一城市甚至是同一个国家。他们可以通过前面提到的支持高端远程协议或 Web 插件的解决方案之一，从运行不同平台并具有不同外形尺寸的客户端设备访问具有特殊要求(例如OpenGL)的高端UNIX和Linux工程应用程序，而不是要求在本地安装特定的工程环境。
Hire better talent, have happier workers
雇佣更好的人才，员工也更快乐
With data center-based desktops, the IT engineering needed to support the applications can be located near the data center rather than near the users. It also means users don’t have to live near the data center.
使用基于数据中心的桌面，维护应用程序所需的 IT 工程可以部署在数据中心附近，而不是用户附近。这也意味着用户不必住在数据中心附近。
This unlocks several benefits not previously available. What if your business didn’t have to hire your talent in the same city as your IT staff or your data centers? It means your talent can live anywhere. You really want to hire someone from rural Ohio who doesn’t want to move? No problem.
这将带来一些以前无法拥有的好处。如果您的企业招聘人才的范围不用局限在数据中心所在的城市，那将是什么景象?那意味着你们的人才可以住在任何地方。您想从俄亥俄州农村雇用不想搬家的人吗?没有问题。
It also means you can hire talent wherever it’s cheapest. You’re a hot new biotech firm in Silicon Valley, but you can’t match Valley salaries? No problem. Hire a biologist from Omaha and pay
an Omaha salary while your office stays in California.
这也意味着你可以从成本低的地方雇佣人才。如果您是一家炙手可热的新兴生物技术公司，但是无力支付匹配硅谷等级的薪酬?没问题!你在加州也可以雇佣奥马哈的生物学家，并支付奥马哈当地水平的薪资。
This can also benefit you on a micro-level: Users dealing with snowstorms or sick kids, or who prefer to work at night or, say, get stuck in traffic court — all can be fully productive because they don’t have to be physically chained to their desks to get their work done. And they can do this on a moment’s notice. For instance, they can dash out of the office without having to copy all of their files to their laptop. No more phone calls like, “What? You’ve been in an accident? I’ll be there as soon as I copy the latest engineering files to my thumb drive!”
这也可以在微观层面上使您收益:遭遇暴风雪或要照顾生病的孩子的员工、喜欢在夜间工作的员工或是困在交通中的员工也能进行工作。而且员工也可以立即开始工作，比如他们可以立即冲出办公室，而不必将所有文件复制到笔记本电脑中。这样的情形将不再发生:有突发状况发生，但是你要先把最新的文件都拷贝到驱动器中才能出发去处理险情。
Provide better support
提供更好的支持
If you consolidate your data centers from dozens to two or three, you can afford to invest in better support while still saving money overall. Rather than paying dozens of mediocre engineers
$50,000 each all over the world, you can invest in a few high-quality support folks. You also avoid having dozens of IT “cowboys” around the world, inventing their own ways of doing things.
This all means you save money while getting better talent, your overall environment is more consistent and stable, and your users always have access to high-end support.
如果你将数据中心从数十个整合到两三个，你就可以花更少的钱得到更好的服务。与其支付数十名平庸的工程师每人 5 万美金，您可以投资一些更资深的支持人员。您还可以避免在世界各地有数十名 IT“牛仔”发明自己的做事方式。这一切都意味着您可以在节省金钱的同时获得更好的人才，您的整体环境更加一致和稳定，并且您的用户始终可以获得高端支持。
Engineering apps in the field (and on iPads) 现场的工程应用程序(和 iPad 上的)
Engineering and technical apps can be beasts when it comes to the data they require, and it’s not uncommon for project files to grow to several gigabytes in size. In the old days of physical computers, a user in the field would need a laptop that had to download and synchronize all of these multi-gigabyte data sets. Not only was this slow, but it also meant that (by definition) the user didn’t have access to last-minute changes. More typically, we’d find that field users would save download time by downloading only the bare minimum — and, inevitably, they’d find they needed access to something while in the field that they didn’t think about ahead of time.
如果考虑到数据量的话，工程和技术程序就像洪水猛兽。项目文件经常可以达到数 GB 的大小。在使用物理计算机的旧时代，现场用户需要使用一台笔记本电脑，下载并同步所有这些数 GB 的数据。这种做法不仅慢，而且也必然导致了用户不能接触到在他完成下载之后才更新的数据。常见的应对办法是，现场用户为了节省下载时间，只会下载一些必要的数据。但是到达现场后，常常会发现还要用到一些事前没有考虑到的数据。
In contrast, running the engineering applications in the data center and connecting remotely from the field means users always have access to the full and latest versions of their data.
与之相对的，通过从现场远程访问数据中心的应用程序，员工就可以随时访问所有的、最新的数据。
Another benefit is that, since data center-based desktops and applications can be accessed from non-native devices like iPads, your users can have full access to their applications and data sets from portable devices. Imagine how this would affect an architect’s tour of an unfinished sports stadium, for example. In the old world, the architect would have to pre-render some videos and load those on an iPad to take on the tour, but if clients wanted to see something that hadn’t been anticipated, the architect would be unable to show it to them. In contrast, if the architect’s iPad can connect to the actual design application, he can do walkthroughs at the stadium
on demand and make changes right from the dirt field.
另一个好处是，由于可以从非本地设备(如 iPad)访问基于数据中心的桌面和应用程序，因此用户可以从便携式设备完全访问其应用程序和数据。比如你可以想象一下，这将如何影响建筑师对未完成的体育馆的现场考察。以前，建筑师必须预先渲染一些视频并将其加载到 iPad 上才能去现场。但是如果客户想看一些其他的东西，建筑师就没有办法展示了。现在，如果建筑师的 iPad 可以远程访问设计应用程序，他在体育馆现场就能进行更改与演示。
Faster time to deploy and patch new applications
更快地部署和维护新的应用程序
Everyone knows that keeping users’ workstations up to date is a never-ending struggle. Applications are constantly changed, updated, patched and reconfigured. If you’re in charge of keeping your users’ applications and desktops up to date, what do you think is easier: updating workstations spread all over the world, or updating workstations in a single data center?
每个人都知道，使用户的工作站保持最新状态是一场永无止境的斗争。应用程序不断变化，更新，打补丁和重新配置。如果您负责使用户的应用程序和桌面保持最新，那么您认为哪种方式更容易些:更新遍布全球的工作站，还是更新单个数据中心的工作站?
Consolidating your users’ desktops into a data center means that they’re patched, updated and
fixed much faster than in the traditional world, where they’re sitting on someone’s desk.
将用户的桌面整合到数据中心中，意味着他们的补丁、更新和修复速度更快。因为在传统方式下，你得去一张张的办公桌上去完成操作。
Reliability
可靠性
With data center-hosted desktops, your critical applications run in a data center that you control. If a user’s computer breaks, critical business apps aren’t broken with it. The user can just move to a different desk, grab a computer from home, or go to Best Buy and pick up a laptop and be back up and running within minutes.
使用数据中心托管的桌面，您的关键应用程序可以在您控制的数据中心中运行。即使用户的计算机坏了，关键业务应用也不会受影响。用户仅需移动到另一张办公桌，或从家中拿起计算机，或干脆去 Best Buy 重买个笔记本电脑，很快就可以恢复工作。
This also plays into the “user happiness” benefit mentioned above: If you have die-hard Mac fans, let them use Macs. You don’t care!
这也带来了上文提到的员工更快乐的好处:如果你有一些 mac 的死忠粉，那就让他们用 mac 好了，你根本不必在乎!
Combine different application platforms into one overall environment
将不同的应用程序平台整合到一个整体环境中
One of the challenges in the engineering space is that many engineering applications tend to run on UNIX or Linux, while users typically prefer Windows or Mac operating systems for their everyday desktop needs. By moving the engineering applications into a data center, you can provide remote access to the special UNIX- or Linux-based engineering apps while still allowing users to do their other work in Windows or the Mac.
工程领域的挑战之一是，许多工程应用程序倾向于在 UNIX 或 Linux 上运行，而用户通常更喜欢 Windows 或 Mac 操作系统来满足其日常工作需求。通过将工程应用程序移至数据中心，您可以提供对基于 UNIX 或 Linux 的特殊工程应用程序的远程访问，同时仍允许用户在 Windows 或 Mac 中完成其他工作。
Reduced risk of theft
降低失窃风险
By definition, data center-based desktops live in your data center. This means your applications and data also live in your data center, rather than on the hard drives of the workstations in user land. This has major benefits in terms of security.
根据定义，基于数据中心的桌面位于您的数据中心中。这意味着您的应用程序和数据也位于数据中心中，而不是位于用户工作站的硬盘驱动器上。就安全性而言，这具有重大优势。
First, when it comes to intellectual property theft, you don’t have to worry about your expensive designs walking out the door on someone’s USB drive (be it a rogue employee or contractor).
首先，在知识产权盗窃方面，您不必担心昂贵的设计会在某人的 USB 驱动器(无论是流氓员工还是承包商)上走出大门。
Second, if someone literally steals the client device, that person doesn’t have a hard drive full of
millions of dollars of IP.
其次，如果真有人窃取了客户端设备，那台设备的硬盘上也没有价值数百万美元的 IP。
Third, since the high-end hardware is in the data center, the client devices can be pretty “dumb,” typically nothing more than a thin client or a low-end desktop computer.
第三，由于高端硬件都在数据中心中，客户端设备可以相当“笨拙”，通常只是瘦客户端或低端的台式计算机。
Instant scalability
及时扩展
It’s easier to scale virtual machines in a data center than physical work- stations on users’ desks. If you move all of your engineering applications to your data center, adding 10 more engineers during crunch time is simple — you just give them the URL to your engineering environment, and they’re off and running. When the project is over, you can deprovision them just as easily, without having to send an IT grunt out to collect a $15,000 desktop workstation.
与用户办公桌上的物理工作站相比，在数据中心中扩展虚拟机要容易得多。如果您将所有工程应用程序移至数据中心，那么在紧要关头再增加 10 名工程师就很简单—您只需为他们提供工程环境的 URL，然后他们就可以开始工作了。当项目结束时，您可以轻松地取消配置它们，而无需派遣 IT 专家收集一台价值 15,000 美元的台式机工作站。
Consistent performance
持续的性能
One of the classic benefits of data center-hosted desktops is that the desktop applications in the data center always run at full speed, and they always have LAN-speed connectivity to the data sets they require, regardless of what’s happening on the client device. So a user’s junkware-laden laptop no longer negatively affects the performance of critical business applications.
数据中心托管桌面的基本优势之一是，数据中心中的桌面应用程序始终可以全速运行。无论客户端是什么情况，他们始终可以通过 LAN 速度连接所需的数据。因此，即使是使用一台垃圾的笔记本电脑，也不会对应用程序的性能产生负面影响。
Better resource utilization
更好的资源利用
One of the downsides to running high-end engineering apps in the physical desktop world is that each user requires a high-end workstation on his desk. So you might have one user rendering some intense visualization that will max out his workstation for six hours. Meanwhile, the person sitting next to him is using only 2% of his workstation to check email. Wouldn’t it be great if the excess capacity of the second user could help the first user’s rendering happen faster? Not only does that make the best use of resources (since you already spent the money to buy all those workstations), but it also means that the first user’s rendering might finish in three hours instead of six. Talk about a productivity boost!
在物理桌面世界中运行高端工程应用程序的弊端之一是，每个用户的办公桌上都需要一个高端工作站。一个员工可能在渲染一些密集的可视化效果，需要他的工作站持续高负荷运转 6 个小时。旁边的员工可能只是利用了工作站 2%的性能在查看邮件。如果第二名员工富余的性能能用来帮助第一位员工加速他的渲染工作，岂不是美事?这样不仅能充分应用资源(反正买这些硬件的钱已经花出去了)，也能大大节省第一位员工的等待时间，这样生产力将会大幅跃升!
Data center-hosted virtual desktops make this a reality. Since each desktop is just a virtual machine running on big hardware, resources are shifted as needed, automatically, without anyone’s input or knowledge. Users are happy because everything they do happens faster, and the business is happy because the organization is getting its money’s worth from its hardware.
数据中心托管的虚拟桌面使这成为现实。由于每个桌面只是一个运行在大型硬件上的虚拟机，因此资源会根据需要自动转移。用户更开心了，因为工作更快了;企业也更开心，因为它在硬件上的投入产生了应有的价值。
Allow users to suspend and resume their desktops
允许用户挂起和恢复桌面
The key to data center-hosted desktops is that the desktops and applications run in a data center, not on the users’ client devices. So if you have a user using a laptop, he can close the lid and go offline while the remote desktop session stays running. The user can log back in from another location to check the progress from anywhere.
数据中心托管的桌面的关键在于，桌面和应用程序在数据中心中运行，而不是在用户的客户端设备上运行。所以如果你的一名用户使用笔记本电脑，他可以随时合上电脑下线，同时远程桌面的会话仍在持续进行。用户随后可以从任何地方连接回来查看工作进展。
Engage in “follow the sun” roaming
参与“跟随太阳”漫游
If you have engineers working around the world, moving your desktops and applications into your data center means multiple users can share the same resources. If you have 30 users each in North America, Europe and Asia whose desktops are all in the same data center, you can get away with buying only enough capacity to cover 30 users at a time. Compare that with buying 90 $15,000 workstations!
如果您的工程师遍布全球，那么将桌面和应用程序移入数据中心意味着多个用户可以共享相同的资源。如果您在北美，欧洲和亚洲分别拥有 30 个用户，这些用户的桌面都位于同一数据中心中。那么你只需要购买可以容纳 30 个用户的资源就可以了。与购买 90 台相比呢?
This is even better if you have applications that are licensed based on concurrent users. If your application allows it, you have to buy only enough licenses for those actually using the application at any given time. And with the prices of some of these engineering apps, you might pay for your entire project right there.
如果您具有基于并发用户许可的应用程序，那就更好了。如果您的应用程序允许，您只需要在任何给定时间为实际使用该应用程序的人购买足够的许可证。一些工程应用程序的售价是如此高昂，你的大部分项目预算都要花在这上面。
Fewer data centers, thanks to centralization
由于集中化，数据中心更少
Today’s enhanced remoting protocol capabilities combined with recent advances in network bandwidth mean we can now significantly increase the distance between our users and the data centers that host their desktops.
如今，增强的远程协议功能与网络带宽的最新发展相结合，意味着我们现在可以大大增加用户与托管其桌面的数据中心之间的物理距离。
In the early days of data center-based desktop hosting, we could only get decent performance over a LAN. This essentially meant our users had to be in the same building as our servers. Then, as networking bandwidth increased and high-speed Internet connections became more common, we found we could extend our radius to metropolitan areas. Our users could work from home
if they were in the same city as our servers.
在基于数据中心的桌面托管的早期，我们只能通过 LAN 获得不错的性能。这实际上意味着我们的用户必须与我们的服务器位于同一建筑物中。然后，随着网络带宽的增加和高速 Internet 连接的普及，我们发现我们可以将范围扩展到大城市。我们的用户可以在家工作，如果他跟我们的服务器位于同一城市的话。
But now, again thanks to improvements in remoting protocols, we have technology that can deal with ever-higher latencies. We have the ability to deliver remote desktops across countries and even oceans, with a user experience that is very acceptable.
但是现在，还是得益于远程协议的改进，我们拥有可以处理更高延迟的技术。我们具有跨国家甚至跨海洋交付远程桌面的能力，并且用户体验是可以接受的。
Taken together, these advances mean we’re now able to increase the radius of the individual data centers that host our users’ desktops. Imagine an environment with 40 offices in 25 cities in 10 countries. Fifteen years ago, we would have had to build desktop-hosting servers in all 40 offices. Ten years ago, we would have been able to consolidate those down to 25 locations (one for each city), and five years ago, we might have been able to consolidate them down again to 10 locations (one for each country). But with today’s technologies, we can serve all of our users in the entire world from perhaps two or three data centers.
总而言之，这些进步意味着我们现在能够增加托管用户桌面的单个数据中心的辐射半径。想象这样一个环境，在 10 个国家的 25 个城市设有 40 个办事处。十年前，我们可以将这些地方合并到 25 个地点(每个城市一个)，而五年前，我们也许能够将它们再次合并到 10 个地点(每个国家一个)。但是，利用当今的技术，我们可以从大约两个或三个数据中心为全世界的所有用户提供服务。
This is what we mean when we say we’re “extending the radius” of our data centers that host desktops. Fifteen years ago, we might not have saved too much, since we would have had to build 40 data centers around the world. But if we can do that today with two or three data centers, we’re talking about something compelling!
这就是我们所说的“扩大托管桌面的数据中心的辐射半径”的意思。十五年前，我们可能没有节省太多，因为我们不得不在全球范围内建立 40 个数据中心。但是，如果今天我们可以使用两个或三个数据中心来做到这一点，那么我们正在谈论的是令人信服的东西!
Downsides of Data Center-Hosted Desktops and Apps
数据中心托管的桌面和应用程序的缺点
Like every design option in IT, the decision to move your desktops to the data center involves some tradeoffs and downsides, including:
与 IT 架构中的每个方案一样，将桌面迁移到数据中心的决定也涉及一些不利因素，包括:
Users need an Internet connection to use their apps
用户需要互联网连接才能使用他们的应用
The biggest downside to data center- hosted desktops is your users will need an Internet connection to get any work done. While it seems like people are always predicting that Internet connections will be ubiquitous, there are still scenarios where people are offline, such as when they’re on airplanes or when their home cable modems go out at random times.
数据中心托管的桌面最大的缺点是您的用户需要 Internet 连接才能完成工作。尽管人们总是预期互联网连接将无处不在，但在某些情况下，人们仍然处于离线状态，例如当他们乘坐飞机或家用电缆调制解调器掉线时。
Internet connection quality
网络连接的质量
It’s true that Internet connections are always getting faster and more reliable, and that today’s remoting protocols can do amazing things to deal with low band- width, high latency and packet loss. We shouldn’t forget, however, that remoting engineering applications is still going to require a decent connection.
的确，Internet 连接一直在变得越来越快，越来越可靠，并且当今的远程协议可以在处理低带宽，高延迟和数据包丢失方面做出令人惊奇的事情。但是，我们不应忘记，远程工程应用程序仍然需要良好的网络连接。
Exactly how “decent” depends on lots of things, like the application’s requirements and the location of the user. But the reality is, if you have a user with only one bar of signal strength on a 3G MiFi connection, that user probably isn’t getting any work done if all his engineering applications are remote.
究竟需要多“良好”的连接，取决于很多事情，例如应用程序的要求和用户的位置。但是现实是，如果您的用户在 3G MiFi 连接上只有一格信号强度，那么如果他的所有工程应用程序都是远程的，则该用户可能无法完成任何工作。
Might be a hard to sell to nonbelievers
很难推销给不相信这一套的人
Another reality is that a lot of folks in IT have been burned by bad experiences with remote desktops, whether they tried Citrix MetaFrame in the 1990s or more general VDI in the 2000s. There’s a whole slew of IT pros out there who flat out don’t believe that data center-based desktops can perform well with graphically intensive engineering apps. (Of course, they’re wrong, but that doesn’t help the cause.)
另一个现实是，IT 领域的许多人都有过使用远程桌面的糟糕经历。不论他们是在 1990 年代尝试 Citrix MetaFrame 还是在 2000 年代尝试更流行的 VDI。有大量的 IT 专业人员不相信基于数据中心的桌面可以在图形密集型工程应用程序中良好地运行。(他们的看法当然是错的，但是这对问题没有什么帮助)
What do you do with your existing workstation investment?
您如何处理现有的工作站投资?
You might decide that moving your engineering desktops to your data center makes sense. But if you do that, what do you do with all of your existing engineering workstations? Sure, you could use them as simple access clients for the new remote environment, but if you just spent $300,000 on 20 new engineering workstations six months ago, trying to build out a huge server environment now is probably going to be a hard sell. Unfortunately, it’s not like you can trade in your desktop workstations for server hardware. So you might have to think about how you would justify the new environment and the timing of your purchase based on what your users have on their desks today.
您可能会认为将工程桌面迁移到数据中心是合理的。但是，如果这样做，您将如何处理所有现有的工程工作站?当然，您可以将它们用作新的远程环境的访问客户端。但是，如果六个月前您刚刚在 20 个新的工程工作站上花费了 30 万美元，那么现在再尝试构建一个巨大的服务器环境可能将是一件很难的事。不幸的是，您并不可以用台式机工作站换购服务器硬件。因此，您可能必须根据现状来考虑是否以及何时采购新的工作环境。
The Bottom Line
总而言之
Given the many benefits of moving desktops into data centers, doing so makes a lot of sense
in many scenarios — and engineering applications are no exception. Even with OpenGL, DirectX, Linux and UNIX applications, the technologies of today allow us to provide an acceptable experience to users connecting from laptops, workstations, home computers or iPads.
鉴于将桌面迁移到数据中心有很多好处，因此采取这种方案在很多情况下都很有意义。即使使用 OpenGL，DirectX，Linux 和 UNIX 应用程序，当今的技术也能够为从便携式计算机、工作站、家用计算机或 iPad 连接的用户提供可接受的体验。
Today’s environments are heterogeneous and will continue to be so. It’s perfectly acceptable for users to use whatever client device and platform they want while IT provides the critical engineering applications they need from a centralized location, irrespective of the client platform or device.
当今的环境是多种多样的，并且将继续如此。用户可以使用他们想用的任何客户端设备和平台，而 IT 则可以从集中位置提供所需的关键工程应用程序，而无论客户端平台或设备如何，这都是完全可以接受的。
Data center-hosted desktops and applications are now in use at thousands of companies around the world, and everyone should be encouraged to take a hard look at their own infrastructure to see whether they can join those ranks.
如今，全球数以千计的公司正在使用由数据中心托管的桌面和应用程序，应鼓励每个人认真研究自己的基础架构，考虑是否可以加入这个行列。
Brought to you by OpenText
将 OpenText 介绍给您
When it comes to UNIX desktop virtualization, engineers need secure and reliable remote access to centralized applications and data. In order to shorten their design cycles and reduce time to market, they require an advanced enterprise-wide remoting protocol to enable high performance and productivity. With these enhanced protocol capabilities, companies can consolidate their data centers and extend their radius to all engineers, anywhere in the world.
在 UNIX 桌面虚拟化方面，工程师需要能够安全并且可靠地远程访问应用程序和数据。为了缩短设计周期并缩短产品上市时间，他们需要先进的企业范围内的远程协议以实现高性能和高生产率。借助这些增强的协议功能，公司可以整合其数据中心，并将其范围扩展到全球任何地方的所有工程师。
OpenText Exceed VA TurboX lets your users work and collaborate virtually on UNIX applications from Windows, and Linux desktops anywhere in the world. By removing the limitations and the complexity of traditional remote access solutions, Exceed VA TurboX offers the fastest connection to your business with a uniquely intuitive user experience. Designed for the Enterprise data center, Exceed VA TurboX improves the security, manageability and availability of your UNIX applications.
OpenText Exceed TurboX(ETX)使您的用户可以从世界上的任何地方，通过 Windows 和 Linux 桌面在 UNIX 程序上工作和协作。通过消除传统远程访问解决方案的局限性和复杂性，Exceed TurboX 通过独特的直观用户体验为您的企业提供最快的连接。Exceed TurboX 专为企业数据中心而设计，可提高 UNIX 应用程序的安全性，可管理性和可用性。
In recent years, 70% of the world’s top 20 semiconductor companies have put their trust in OpenText. OpenText helps companies deliver design tools access to engineering staff all over the globe with speed and accuracy that is second-to-none. It offers an enterprise-class management platform that meets industry security standards, out-of-the-box, while maintaining a highly scalable and fully managed framework to empower administrators with full control of remote sessions.
近年来，全球前 20 大半导体公司中有 70%信任 OpenText Exceed TurboX(ETX)。ETX 可以帮助公司向全球的工程人员提供设计工具，其速度和准确性是首屈一指的。它提供了一个开箱即用的，符合行业安全标准的企业级管理平台，同时保持了高度可扩展和完全托管的框架，使管理员能够完全控制远程会话。
Exceed VA TurboX can provide remote access application solutions to power your desktop virtualization project that reduce IT infrastructure costs, shorten time-to-market and provide end-to-end secured access to your critical data.
Exceed TurboX 可以提供远程访问应用程序解决方案来为您的桌面虚拟化项目提供动力，从而降低 IT 基础架构成本，缩短产品上市时间并提供对关键数据的端到端安全访问。

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为什么VDI(桌面虚拟化)对于硬核UNIX/Linux工程应用程序是有意义的?

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