Linux(CentOS7)安装MySQL-5.7版本

1. 从官网下载mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 官网：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

# wget -chttp://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2. 创建mysql的用户组/用户, data目录及其用户目录

# groupadd mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# mkdir -p /data/mysqldb

3. 解压安装包并将解压包里的内容拷贝到mysql的安装目录/home/mysql

# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
# mv * /usr/local/mysql
# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql 创建mysql安装目录，可以把解压的mysql-5.7.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64文件夹下的文件移到目录下

4. 初始化mysql数据库cd /usr/local/mysql

\# ./bin/mysql\_install\_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldb
2015-11-1002:09:17 \[WARNING\] mysql\_install\_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2015-11-1002:09:23 \[WARNING\] The bootstrap logisn't empty:
2015-11-1002:09:23 \[WARNING\] 2015-11-10T10:09:18.114182Z 0 \[Warning\] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead
2015-11-10T10:09:18.129343Z 0 \[Warning\] Changed limits: max\_open\_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2015-11-10T10:09:18.129408Z 0 \[Warning\] Changed limits: table\_open\_cache: 431 (requested 2000)

p.s. : mysql5.7新特性：由上面可以看出，mysql_install_db 已经不再推荐使用了，建议改成mysqld --initialize 完成实例初始化。

\# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldb --initialize改用 mysqld --initialize 后，如果 datadir 指向的目标目录下已经有数据文件, 会出现如下提示：\# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldb --initialize2016-04-08T01:46:53.153530Z 0 \[Warning\] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit\_defaults\_for\_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2016-04-08T01:46:53.155856Z 0 \[ERROR\] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.2016-04-08T01:46:53.155879Z 0 \[ERROR\] Aborting由上可知， 我们需要清空mysql的data目录， 执行清空命令如下：\# cd /data/mysqldb# rm -fr \*

然后重新执行初始化命令如下：

[root@localhost /] cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql ] ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldb --initialize
[root@localhostmysql ]2016-04-08T01:47:57.556677Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-04-08T01:47:59.945537Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New logfiles created, LSN=45790
2016-04-08T01:48:00.333528Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-04-08T01:48:00.434908Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is thefirsttime that this server has been started. Generating anew UUID: ece26421-fd2b-11e5-a1e3-00163e001e5c.2016-04-08T01:48:00.440125Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed’ cannot be opened.
2016-04-08T01:48:00.440904Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: **mjT,#x_5sW

牢记上面的随机密码，如上**mjT,#x_5sW, 下面我们修改密码时需要用到。

5. 检测下是否能启动mysql服务

# cd /usr/local/mysql# ./support-files/mysql.server start

Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid). #没有经过cmake编辑过的，初始化数据库会失败；

解决办法：vim support-files/mysql.server 指定datadir=/data/mysqldb basedir=/usr/local/mysql

Starting MySQL… SUCCESS!

若改用了/usr/local/mysql为mysql的安装目录basedir，则在启动服务时会出现如下错误：
[root@localhost mysql] #./support-files/mysql.server start
[root@localhostmysql ]./support-files/mysql.server: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such fileor directory
[root@localhostmysql ] Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn’t find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

由上面可知mysql的tar.gz安装包的默认安装目录为/usr/local/mysql，这时候我们需要修改/support-files/mysql.server文件的basedir和datadir目录路径为我们环境所在的mysql的basedir和datadir路径，如下：

[root@localhostmysql ]
# vim support-files/mysql.server
--------------------------
…
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysqldb
…
--------------------------
# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL… SUCCESS!

6. 创建软链接

\# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

7. 创建配置文件

将默认生成的my.cnf备份

\# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

\# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files

拷贝配置文件模板为新的mysql配置文件,

\# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

可按需修改新的配置文件选项，不修改配置选项， mysql则按默认配置参数运行.

如下是我修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf，设置编码为utf8以防乱码

\# vim /etc/my.cnf\[mysqld\]basedir = /usr/local/mysqldatadir = /data/mysqldbcharacter\_set\_server=utf8init\_connect='SET NAMES utf8'\[client\]default-character-set=utf8

8. 配置mysql服务开机自动启动

拷贝启动文件到/etc/init.d/下并重命令为mysqld

\# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

增加执行权限

\# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

检查自启动项列表中没有mysqld这个，如果没有就添加mysqld：

\# chkconfig --list mysqld# chkconfig --add mysqld

设置MySQL在345等级自动启动

\# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

或用这个命令设置开机启动：

\# chkconfig mysqld on

9. mysql服务的启动/重启/停止

启动mysql服务

\# service mysqld start

重启mysql服务

\# service mysqld restart

停止mysql服务

\# service mysqld stop

可以先将文件最底部这句删除或注释掉：sql\_mode=NO\_ENGINE\_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT\_TRANS\_TABLES

10. 初始化mysql用户root的密码

先将mysql服务停止

\# service mysqld stop

进入mysql安装目录，执行：

# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking&
[1] 6225
[root@localhost mysql]# 151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/data/mysqldb/localhost.localdomain.err’.151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysqldb

另外打开一个终端(p.s. 如果是ssh连接登录的, 另外创建一个ssh连接即可），执行操作如下：

# mysql -u root mysql#运行此句时，需要先执行上一句：./bin/mysqld_safe

Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A********************************************************************Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;Database changed
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD(‘root’) WHERE user=‘root’;ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column ‘password’ in ‘field list’
mysql> update user set authentication_string = PASSWORD(‘root’) where user = ‘root’;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1

#MySQL5.7新特性，Users表中没有password字段了，authentication_string 就是password

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> \s--------------mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.9, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapperConnection id: 2Current database: mysqlCurrent user: root@SSL: Not in useCurrent pager: stdoutUsing outfile: ''Using delimiter: ;Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Protocol version: 10Connection: Localhost via UNIX socketServer characterset: utf8Db characterset: utf8Client characterset: utf8Conn. characterset: utf8UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sockUptime: 4 min 47 secThreads: 1 Questions: 43 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 127 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 122 Queries per second avg: 0.149--------------
mysql> exit;Bye

到此，设置完mysql用户root的密码且确保mysql编码集是utf8, 注意上面，新版本的mysql.user表里的密码字段是authentication\_string

快捷键ctrl + c停止# ./bin/mysqld\_safe ...命令，重新启动mysql服务，用新密码连接mysql：

# service mysqld startStarting MySQL SUCCESS!
[root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 3Server version: 5.7.9************************************************************************Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql > exit;Bye

咦？又要我改密码，我们通过mysqladmin来修改密码，先输入原密码是上面步骤修改的新密码root，再设置新密码！！！

# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password
#这个password是参数，不是要设置成root密码的值Enter password: New password:
Confirm new password:
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.# mysql -uroot -pEnter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 6Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright © 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.******************************************************************************Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.mysql> use mysql;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql>

或直接：

# ./bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p’g!#l4:6+rMnT’ password ‘root’

mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

其中，g!#l4:6+rMnT就是我们在使用mysqld --initialize时牢记下的随机密码

11. mysql远程授权

格式如下：

mysql> grant all \[privileges\] on db\_name.table\_name to 'username'@'host' identified by 'yourpassword';

示例如下：

mysql> `grant` all privileges on \*.\* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

或用

mysql> grant all on \*.\* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';

到此，完成了mysql的安装及配置！！！

注：最后windows远程访问linux-mysql连接失败，没有开放端口3306：解决：iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

已验证安装MySQL5.7不需要cmake.

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