一、Cobbler 与 PXE 的不同点

1、Cobbler 是什么？

Cobbler 是红帽公司研发的基于 PXE 技术的装机服务，可以选着性安装多个不同的操作系统

2、Cobbler 与 PXE 如何选择？

PXE：适合环境中只需要安装同一操作系统即可，并且开机后不需介入

Cobbler：适合环境中有多种操作系统的需求，开机后需人员选择安装的操作系统版本

二、Cobbler 无人值守安装部署

环境介绍

Cobbler: CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 双网卡（一块桥接用于上网，一块仅主机模式192.168.100.100/24）

Client:vmware 虚拟机环境，网卡为仅主机（关闭vmware自带dhcp）

1、安装cobbler

#配置epel源
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install epel-release#安装所需软件包
[root@cobbler ~]# yum install -y cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart debmirror#开启 Apache 服务，即是管理页面也是镜像分享服务
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable httpd[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start httpd.service#开启 Cobbler 服务
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd.service[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start cobblerd.service[root@cobbler ~]# ss -utpln |grep 25151tcp    LISTEN     0      5      127.0.0.1:25151                 *:*                   users:(("cobblerd",pid=1552,fd=9))

2、配置Cobbler

#修改 Cobbler 主配置文件
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings272 next_server: 192.168.100.100384 server: 192.168.100.100#向代码主站发起获取必备数据
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaderstask started: 2019-07-20_082816_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sat Jul 20 08:28:16 2019)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***#开启 rsync ，Cobbler 借助 rsync 进行目录之间的内容同步
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd#关闭非常规系统以及 32 位系统的安装
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/debmirror.conf28 #@dists="sid";30 #@arches="i386";#创建与系统加密方案一致的密码，用于系统初始化密码
[root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt $(openssl rand -hex 4)Password:
$1$b11bf153$A.RDrCKSv0fEigqQ03oYa.#设置默认密码
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings101 default_password_crypted: "$1$b11bf153$A.RDrCKSv0fEigqQ03oYa."#安装 Cobbler 隔离机制，防止重复安装，centos7 中没有 cman 报错正常
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install cman fence-agents#开启 tftp 服务器，centos7 中需要安装 xinetd 软件包
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install xinetd[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftpdisable                 = no[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd#进行自动同步文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync#进行 Cobbler 自检
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler checkNo configuration problems found.  All systems go.

3、安装配置dhcp服务

[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install dhcp#配置并开启dhcp服务器
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.confoption domain-name "chinasoft.com";option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8;default-lease-time 43200;max-lease-time 86400;log-facility local7;subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {range 192.168.100.100 192.168.100.200;option routers 192.168.100.100;}next-server 192.168.100.100;filename="pxelinux.0";[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable tftp[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start tftp[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start dhcpd[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

4、插入Centos6.5的光盘(在cd/dvd设备中连接)

[root@cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/#导入镜像文件至 Cobbler 服务中,可以通过访问：http://IP/cobbler/ 看到文件列表
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --name="centos6.5-x86_64" --path=/media/task started: 2019-07-20_084414_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sat Jul 20 08:44:14 2019)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.5-x86_64:
creating new distro: centos6.5-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.5-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos6.5-x86_64
creating new profile: centos6.5-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.5-x86_64 for centos6.5-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.5-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.5-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.5-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.5-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***#查看已导入镜像
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler distro listcentos6.5-x86_64#拷贝Centos6.5的 KS 文件至默认 KS 存放目录
[root@cobbler ~]# cp centos6.5-x86_64.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/#将已导入镜像文件与 KS 文件进行整合
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos6.5-x86_64[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile add --name=centos6.5-x86_64-basic --distro=centos6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.5-x86_64.cfg[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile listcentos6.5-x86_64-basic[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync#删除对应的 KS 文件命令
cobbler profile remove --name=centos6.7-x86_64#删除对应的镜像文件
cobbler distro remove --name=centos6.7-x86_64

5、插入Centos7.4的光盘(先取消挂载，再在cd/dvd设备中连接)

[root@cobbler ~]# umount /media/[root@cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/#导入镜像文件至 Cobbler 服务中,可以通过访问：http://IP/cobbler/ 看到文件列表
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --name="centos7.4-x86_64" --path=/media/task started: 2019-07-20_090054_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sat Jul 20 09:00:54 2019)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64:
creating new distro: centos7.4-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos7.4-x86_64
creating new profile: centos7.4-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64 for centos7.4-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***#查看已导入镜像
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler distro listcentos6.5-x86_64centos7.4-x86_64#拷贝Centos6.5的 KS 文件至默认 KS 存放目录
[root@cobbler ~]# cp centos7.4-x86_64.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/#将已导入镜像文件与 KS 文件进行整合
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos7.4-x86_64[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile add --name=centos7.4-x86_64-basic --distro=centos7.4-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.4-x86_64.cfg[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile listcentos6.5-x86_64-basiccentos7.4-x86_64-basic[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync

三、Centos6 KS 模板分享

ks文件可在不同系统中通过system-config-kickstart工具生成

# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.#version=DEVEL
install
url --url="http://192.168.100.100/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.5-x86_64/"
lang zh_CN.UTF-8
keyboard us
network --onboot no --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6
rootpw  --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
firewall --service=ssh
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
selinux --enforcing
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
# The following is the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
# not guaranteed to work
clearpart --nonepart /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=500
part swap --size=4096
part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200%packages
@base
@chinese-support
@core
@development
@server-platform-devel
@server-policy
@workstation-policy
sgpio
device-mapper-persistent-data
jpackage-utils
%end

四、Centos7 KS模板分享

#version=DEVEL
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use CDROM installation media
#Use NFS installation Media
url --url="http://192.168.100.100/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64/"
# Use graphical install
graphical
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --enable
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=cn --xlayouts='cn'
# System language
lang zh_CN.UTF-8# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=off --ipv6=auto --no-activate
network  --hostname=localhost.localdomain# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
# System services
services --enabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
autopart --type=lvm
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --none --initlabel%packages
@^minimal
@core
@development
chrony
kexec-tools%end%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'%end%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

五、客户端测试

新建虚拟机进行测试安装，如在启动虚拟机过程出现下图报错

/sbin/dmsquash-live-root:line286:printf:write error:no space left on device

以上报错为内存不足导致，请调整内存大小为2GB以上

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Cobbler无人值守安装

一、Cobbler 与 PXE 的不同点

1、Cobbler 是什么？

2、Cobbler 与 PXE 如何选择？

二、Cobbler 无人值守安装部署

环境介绍

1、安装cobbler

2、配置Cobbler

3、安装配置dhcp服务

4、插入Centos6.5的光盘(在cd/dvd设备中连接)

5、插入Centos7.4的光盘(先取消挂载，再在cd/dvd设备中连接)

三、Centos6 KS 模板分享

四、Centos7 KS模板分享

五、客户端测试

新建虚拟机进行测试安装，如在启动虚拟机过程出现下图报错

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