mahao@ms:~$ sudo mkdir soft
[sudo] password for mahao: 
mahao is not in the sudoers file.  This incident will be reported.

切换到root用户

mahao@ms:~$ su root
Password:
root@ms:

root@ms:~# visudo

GNU nano 2.5.3                                                                           File: /etc/sudoers.tmp

#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of
# directly modifying this file.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#
Defaults        env_reset
Defaults        mail_badpass
Defaults        secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification

# Cmnd alias specification

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

mahao（你要赋予权限的用户名） ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives:

#includedir /etc/sudoers.d

[ Read 31 lines ]
^G Get Help       ^O Write Out      ^W Where Is       ^K Cut Text       ^J Justify

^C Cur Pos        ^Y Prev Page      M-\ First Line    M-W WhereIs Next  ^^ Mark Text

M-} Indent Text   M-U Undo          ^B Back           M-Space Prev Word ^A Home
^X Exit           ^R Read File      ^\ Replace        ^U Uncut Text     ^T To Spell

^_ Go To Line     ^V Next Page      M-/ Last Line     M-] To Bracket    M-^ Copy Text

M-{ Unindent Text M-E Redo          ^F Forward        ^Space Next Word  ^E End

添加了红色一行。

按ctrl+o保存

File Name to Write: /etc/sudoers.tmp                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
^G Get Help                                           M-D DOS Format                                        M-A Append                                            M-B Backup File
^C Cancel                                             M-M Mac Format                                        M-P Prepend                                           ^T To Files

直接回车

按ctrl+x退出

然后切换用户，执行sudo

root@ms:/home/mahao# su mahao
mahao@ms:~$ sudo mkdir soft
[sudo] password for mahao:
mahao@ms:~$

就OK了。