法国人生活方式R1

Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the" typical" Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creating comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.

Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that" assembly line life" will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life--to enjoy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe?

Since the late 1950's life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.

In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.

1.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?A

		A) Changes in the French way of life.
		B) Criticism of the new life style.
		C) criticism of the old life style.
		D) Features of the new way of life

2.The passage suggests that __________.B

		A) it’s now unlikely to see a Frenchman taking a walk by the river
		B) in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhere
		C) the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked apples
		D) great changes have occurred in the style of all Frenchmen

3. Which of the following is true?B

		A) Critics are greater in number than people enjoying the new way of life.
		B) Student critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend.
		C) Student critics are greater in number than critics in other fields.
		D) Critics are concerned solely with the present and not the future.

4. Which of the following is not given as a feature of the old French way of life?C

		A) Leisure.
		B) Elegance.
		C) Efficiency.
		D) Taste.

5. Which of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen?B

		A) Many of them prefer the modern life style.
		B) They actually enjoy working at the assembly line.
		C) They are more concerned with money than before.
		D) They are more competitive than the older generation.

为了购买现代生活中的便利和奢侈品，对金钱的关注，再加上更多的钱，给大多数法国人的生活带来了巨大的变化。在法国工作的人比以往任何时候都多。在城市里，传统的悠闲正餐正在消失。商店和工厂发现，在公司的午餐室里，短时间的午餐时间更有效率。现在几乎所有的工作重点都落在不断增加的产出上。因此，“典型的”法国人比上一代人生产更多，收入更多，购买更多的消费品。他在创造舒适和舒适的生活中获益。在某种程度上，他失去的是他个人的独特性或个性。

有人说法国已经美国化了。这是因为美国是世界科技社会及其消费品的象征。法国所谓的美国化有其批评者。他们担心“流水线生活”将导致更优雅、更悠闲（但生产力较低）的老式法国风格的乐趣消失。他们会问，品尝优雅，培养生活中美好的事物——享受新鲜摘下的苹果的香味，在河边漫步，或只是在当地咖啡馆里愉快地交谈，会发生什么？

自1950年代末以来，法国的生活确实呈现出匆忙、紧张和追求物质利益的特点。尤其是一些年轻的大学生对新生活方式持强烈的批评态度。他们关心的是未来，他们担心法国会因为这种竞争激烈、以商品为导向的文化的胜利而受到威胁。有时，他们会以相当大的暴力来反对这一趋势。

然而，尽管受到批评，无数法国人仍致力于保持法国在现代经济世界的前列。他们发现现在的生活比过去的生活带来更多的回报、便利和快乐。他们相信一个现代化的工业化的法国比旧的法国好。

1.下列哪一项最能表达文章的主旨？

A）法国生活方式的变化。

B）对新生活方式的批评。

C）对旧生活方式的批评。

D）新生活方式的特点。

2.文章建议。

A）现在不太可能看到法国人在河边散步了

B）在追求物质利益的过程中，法国人正在其他地方遭受损失

C）法国人受够了刚摘下来的苹果的味道

D）所有法国人的作风都发生了很大的变化

3.以下哪项是正确的？

A）批评的人比享受新生活方式的人多。

B）批评学生的人有时会采取暴力手段来反对这一趋势。

C）学生批评家的数量比其他领域的批评家多。

D）批评家只关心现在而不关心未来

4.以下哪一项不是法国旧生活方式的一个特点？

A）休闲。

B）优雅。

C）效率。

D）品味。

5关于法国人，以下哪一项是不正确的？

A）他们中的许多人更喜欢现代的生活方式。

B）他们实际上很喜欢在装配线上工作。

C）他们比以前更关心钱。

D）他们比老一辈更有竞争力。

老年人上大学R2

On the day the Daily Express announces： “The secret to why humans grow old has been discovered by scientists in Britain, paving the way towards radical new treatments for age-related diseases. ” We know there’s a growing demand for higher education from older learners: the most recent Universities and Colleges Admissions Service figures showed a 63.4% increase in the number of mature applicants for undergraduate courses. Of course, it’s the baby boomers. Now hitting old age, they are determined to enjoy the pleasures maturity has to offer.

The report coming from Universities UK, talks of unlocking mental capital, promoting well-being and preparing people for the “probable two decades” they’ll have after retiring. Learning is a popular leisure pursuit for those who have escaped the office, though heaven knows it Js tough to finda college still offering adult education classes these days.

Chief executive of Universities UK, Nicola Dandridge, says the idea that people stop making a useful contribution to society when they reach the age of 60 is outdated. “We are facing a situation where older people are living longer and healthier lives and have, as a consequence, a huge amount to contribute. Universities have a significant part to play in developing that contribution,” she says.

But hang about. Aren’t universities in the grip of a funding crisis? There are some who might argue that the baby boomers have had their chance —they’ve been to university and they didn’t even have to pay for it. David Willetts, the Tories 5 resident egghead certainly thinks baby boomers can be held responsible for nicking their kids’ future. “Of course, proposals to support older people into universities must be considered in light of the current funding climate facing the sector,>, says Dandridge.

She has a point. We recall the remarkable Bernard Herzberg，a refugee from Nazi Germany, who died in 2007 while putting the final touches to his second MA degree. He became the world’s oldest graduate at age 90 when he completed a BA degree in German literature at London University in 2000.

What can we see from the Daily Express' announcement?B

		A) The whole text is mainly about why humans grow old.
		B)The discovery promotes a brand-new way to cure age-related diseases.
		C)It is a tendency to apply for some continuing education.
		D)Scientists have found an effective way to treat various diseases.

2.What does Nicola Dandridge think of the idea of fewer contributions of older people?D

		A)Correct.
		B)Practical.
		C) Constructive.
		D) Out-of-date.

3. What is the implication of David Willetts’ thought?B

		A) Governments should provide all expenses for older peopled education.
		B) He doesn’t support older people in entering universities for lifelong education.
		C) Baby boomers will destroy their children’ future.
		D)Most universities have a serious funding crisis.

5.What’s the main point of the passage?A

		A) The baby boomers are coming to campuses at an advanced age.
		B)Universities should provide more funds for the baby boomers.
		C)Scientists have found the secret why humans grow old.
		D)There is a trend towards carrying out lifelong education all over the world.

4. The example of Bernard Herzberg is to tell us that •A

		A) good conditions can be provided for the old by universities nowadays
		B) how great and difficult Bernard Herzberg is to achieve higher education
		C)Nazi Germany should take responsibilities for refugees at the time
		D)universities can provide priorities for older people for continuing education

《每日快报》当天宣布：“人类为什么变老的秘密

由英国科学家发现，为老年性疾病的激进新疗法铺平了道路。“我们知道，老年人对高等教育的需求越来越大：最新的大学和学院招生服务机构的数据显示，本科课程的成熟申请人数增加了63.4%。当然，是婴儿潮一代。如今步入老年，他们决心享受成熟带来的乐趣。

这份来自英国大学的报告谈到了释放精神资本，促进福利，为人们退休后的“可能的20年”做准备。对于那些从办公室逃出来的人来说，学习是一种很受欢迎的休闲方式，尽管天知道现在大学仍然提供成人教育课程很难找到。

英国大学首席执行官尼古拉·丹德里奇（nicoladandridge）说，人们到了60岁就不再为社会做出有益贡献的想法已经过时了。“我们正面临这样一种局面，即老年人的寿命越来越长，健康程度也越来越高，因此需要做出巨大贡献。大学在发展这种贡献方面扮演着重要的角色，”她说。

但要坚持住。大学不是陷入了资金危机吗？有些人可能会争辩说，婴儿潮一代有他们的机会——他们上过大学，甚至不必为此付钱。托利党人大卫·威利茨（davidwilletts）当然认为婴儿潮一代要为夺取孩子的未来负责。丹德里奇说：“当然，支持老年人进入大学的提议必须考虑到该部门目前面临的融资环境。”。

她说得有道理。我们还记得著名的伯纳德·赫茨伯格，一个来自纳粹德国的难民，他在2007年为他的第二个硕士学位做最后的准备时去世了。2000年，他在伦敦大学获得德国文学学士学位，成为世界上年龄最大的毕业生，享年90岁。

1从《每日快报》的公告中我们能看到什么？

A）全文主要是关于人类为什么会变老。

B）这一发现促进了一种治疗年龄相关疾病的全新方法。

C）申请继续教育是一种趋势。

D）科学家们发现了治疗各种疾病的有效方法。

2.尼古拉·丹德里奇如何看待老年人减少捐款的想法？

A）正确。

B）实用。

C）建设性的。

D）过时了。

3.大卫·威利茨思想的含义是什么？

A）政府应该为老年人的教育提供一切费用。

B）他不支持老年人进入大学接受终身教育。

C）婴儿潮一代会毁掉他们孩子的未来。

D）大多数大学都面临严重的资金危机。

5.这篇文章的重点是什么？

A）婴儿潮一代进入校园的年龄已经很高了。

B）大学应该为婴儿潮一代提供更多的资金。

C）科学家发现了人类变老的秘密。

D）全世界都有推行终身教育的趋势。

4伯纳德·赫茨伯格的例子告诉我们•

A）现在大学可以为老年人提供良好的条件

B）伯纳德·赫茨伯格获得高等教育是多么的伟大和困难

C）纳粹德国当时应该对难民负责

D）大学可以优先为老年人提供继续教育

亚洲超市在美国R3

The future looks bright for the international supermarket chain based in New Jersey-H Mart and other Asian supermarket chains in America. Earnings of Asian-American households outpace the national average. Their spending exceeds all other groups, too, according to Geoscape. And Asian-Americans spend more of their money on groceries than average America households.

Americans have developed greater appetite for cooking and eating Asian foods, too. In 2016non-restaurant sales of Asian foods topped $1.5 billion, according to Mintel Group. Though Latin foods are a bigger market, the popularity of Asian foods is growing faster. Once strange-seeming imports like seaweed and sashimi are now fashionable food stuff. Though the rate of growth is expected to fall, sales of Asian foods are likely to keep rising.

But Asian delicacies can be hard to come by. Few Americans are likely to see durian or bamboo shoots in their local shop. Some specialty ingredients are only to be found at a premium in up-market grocery stores, or miles away, in ethnic markets in older Asian neighborhoods.

Even so, most Asian grocers have not made efforts to reach new customers, says Jeffrey Cohen analyst at IBIS World, an industry-watcher. Many shops are located in minority enclaves (Rgife) and do little to market themselves to other Americans. Narrow car parks and dim interiors put off customers used to the bright lights of mainstream supermarkets. Ingredients labeled with poorly translated English can leave shoppers puzzled.

A few Asian grocery chains have caught on, opening stores in more diverse suburbs, paying attention to cosmetic niceties, and marketing more widely. Other than H Mart, there are Californian chains such as 99 Ranch Market and Shun Fat Supermarket, which have been expanding into the American southwest. 99 Ranch Market was even featured in a humorous YouTube music video-Asians Eat Weird Things-which has been watched more than 900,000 times. As American eating and shopping habits change, however, those weird things do seem so weird after all

One of the reasons for the bright future of Asian supermarkets in America is that ______.A

		A)Asian-Americans purchase more on groceries than other groups
		B) the American economy has got back on track
		C) Asian-Americans earn less but spend more than other groups
		D)Asian supermarkets have the largest market

2.What can we learn from the second paragraph?C

		A)Americans don’t like Asian foods much as before.
		B)Latin foods have fewer customers than Asian ones.
		C)Americans used to consider sashimi as weird food.
		D)The rate of growth and sales of Asian foods will both increase

3.Why are some Asian specialties hard to buy?B

		A)Because they are imported in a limited number.
		B) Because they are only sold in several specific places.
		C) Because they are only sold in small quantities in shops.
		D)Because shops that sell them are all located in remote areas.

4.What is the problem with most Asian groceries?D

		A)The interiors are too bright for other Americans.
		B)The labels don’t indicate food ingredients.
		C)They are located in remote areas and hard to find.
		D)They do little to make themselves known.

5.What have some Asian grocery chains done to catch on?A

		A)They have paid attention to the appearance of stores
		B)They have had the food labels clearly translated.
		C)They have opened new stores in urban areas.
		D)They have increased the varieties of foods.

总部位于新泽西州的国际连锁超市H Mart和其他亚洲连锁超市在美国的前景光明。亚裔美国家庭的收入超过全国平均水平。根据Geoscape的数据，他们的支出也超过了所有其他群体。亚裔美国人在食品杂货上的花费比普通美国家庭要多。

美国人对烹调和吃亚洲食物的胃口也越来越大。根据明特尔集团的数据，2016年亚洲食品的非餐厅销售额超过15亿美元。虽然拉丁食品的市场更大，但亚洲食品的受欢迎程度正在加快。像海藻和生鱼片这些曾经看起来很奇怪的进口食品现在成了时髦的食品。虽然增长率预计会下降，但亚洲食品的销量可能会继续上升。但亚洲美食可能很难买到。很少有美国人会在当地商店里看到榴莲或竹笋。一些特产食材只有在高档杂货店才能买到，或者在几英里以外的亚洲老社区的民族市场里才能买到。

行业观察家宜必思世界（ibisworld）分析师杰弗里•科恩（Jeffrey Cohen）表示，即便如此，大多数亚洲食品商并没有努力接触新客户。许多商店位于少数民族聚居地（Rgife），很少向其他美国人推销自己。主流超市的明亮的室内灯光和昏暗的灯光使顾客无法进入主流的停车场。用翻译不好的英语标注的配料会让购物者感到困惑。

一些亚洲杂货连锁店也开始流行起来，他们在更加多样化的郊区开了分店，注重化妆品的细节，并更广泛地进行营销。除了H Mart，还有加州连锁店，如99牧场市场和顺发超市，它们一直在向美国西南部扩张。99牧场市场甚至出现在YouTube的一段幽默音乐视频中，亚洲人吃奇怪的东西已经被观看了超过90万次。然而，随着美国人饮食和购物习惯的改变，这些奇怪的事情终究显得如此怪异

1.亚洲超市在美国前景光明的原因之一就是。

A）亚裔美国人比其他群体购买更多的食品杂货

B）美国经济已经回到正轨

C）亚裔美国人比其他群体挣得少，但花钱多

D）亚洲超市拥有最大的市场

2.从第二段我们能学到什么？

A）美国人不像以前那么喜欢亚洲食物了。

B）拉丁食品的顾客比亚洲食品少。

C）美国人过去认为生鱼片是一种奇怪的食物。

D）亚洲食品的增长率和销售量都将增加

3.为什么有些亚洲特产很难买到？

A）因为他们进口的数量有限。

B）因为它们只在几个特定的地方出售。

C）因为它们只在商店里少量出售。

D）因为卖它们的商店都位于偏远地区。

4.大多数亚洲食品都有什么问题？

A）内饰对其他美国人来说太亮了。

B）标签上没有标明食品成分。

C）他们位于偏远地区，很难找到。

D）他们几乎没有做什么让人知道。

5.一些亚洲食品连锁店做了些什么？

A）他们注意了商店的外观

B）他们已经把食品标签翻译清楚了。

C）他们在市区开了新店。

D）他们增加了食物的种类。

更有效的学习方法R4

new study shows that students learn much better through an active, iterative (迭代的）process that involves working through their misconceptions with fellow students and getting immediate feedback from the instructor.

The research was conducted by a team at the University of British Columbia ( UBC). Vancouver, in Canada, led by physics Nobelist Carl Wieman. In this study, Wieman trained a postdoc, Louis Deslauriers, and a graduate student, Ellen Schelew, in an educational approach,called “deliberate practice,” that asks students to think like scientists and puzzle out problems during class. For 1 week, Deslauriers and Schelew took over one section of an introductory physics course for sneering majors, which met three times for 1 hour. A tenured physics professor continued to teach another large section using the standard lecture format. The results were dramatic After the intervention, the students in the deliberate practice section did more than twice as well on a 12-question multiple-choice test of the material as those in the control section. They were also more engaged and a post-study survey found that nearly all said they would have liked the entire 15-week course to have been taught in the more interactive manner.

It’s almost certainly that case that lectures have been infective for centuries. But now we’ve figured out a better way to teach that makes students an active participant in the process, Wieman says. The “deliberate practice” method begins with the instructor giving students a multiple-choice question on a particular concept, which the students discuss in small groups before answering electronically. Their answers reveal their grasp of the topic, which the instructor deals with in a short class discussion before repeating the process with the next concept.

While previous studies have shown that this student-centered method can be more effective than teacher-led instruction, Wieman says this study attempted to provide % particularly clean comparison … to measure exactly what can be learned inside the classroom." He hopes the study persuades faculty members to stop delivering traditional lectures and -switch over" to a more interactive approach. More than 55 courses at Colorado across several departments now offer that approach, e says, and the same thing is happening gradually at UBC.

1.What can we learn about the study led by Carl Wieman from the second paragraph?D

A)Students were first taught by the "deliberate practice" approach.

B)An introductory physics course was given to physics majors.

C) Students were first taught by the "deliberate practice" approach.

D)A professor taught the same section with the traditional lectures.

2.The results of the research reveal that----------A

A)Students performed better on the test in the experimental section

B)Students seemed to be more engaged in the control section

C)Students preferred the traditional lectures to the control section

D)The entire 15-week course was actually given in the new manner

3.How does Wieman look at the traditional lectures according to the third paragraph?D

A)They have lasted for only a short period of time.

B)They continue to play an essential role in teaching.

C)They can make students more active in study.

D)They have been proved to be ineffective.

4.How does the “deliberate practice” method work?C

A)Students are first presented with some open questions.

B)Students have to hand in paper-based homework.

C) The instructor asks students to grasp concepts through group discussion

D) The instructor expects students to express their opinions freely at any time.

5.According to the last paragraph, the student-centureed approach _____. D

A) will replace traditional way of teaching in time

B) can assess students’ class performance roughly.

C) can achieve the same effect as traditional lectures

D) has been accepted in some colleges

新的研究表明，通过积极的、反复的学习，学生会学得更好这一过程包括与同学们一起解决他们的误解，并讲师的即时反馈。这项研究是由不列颠哥伦比亚大学（UBC）的一个团队进行的。

加拿大温哥华，由物理学诺贝尔奖得主卡尔·威曼领导。在这项研究中，威曼训练了一个博士后路易斯·德斯劳里尔斯和研究生埃伦·舍卢在教育方法方面，叫做“深思熟虑的练习”，要求学生像科学家一样思考，在课堂上解决问题。在一周的时间里，德斯劳里耶斯和舍尔接手了一节冷嘲热讽专业学生的物理入门课程，他们三次见面，每次1小时。一位终身物理学教授继续用标准的讲座形式教授另一个大的部分。干预后的结果是戏剧性的，在12个问题的多项选择题测试中，刻意练习组的学生比对照组的学生做得好两倍多。他们也更加投入，一项研究后调查发现，几乎所有人都表示，他们希望整个15周的课程都能以更具互动性的方式进行教学。

几乎可以肯定的是，几个世纪以来，讲座一直具有感染力。但现在我们找到了一种更好的教学方法，让学生积极参与教学过程。“深思熟虑的练习”方法首先由教师就一个特定概念向学生提出一个选择题，学生在回答电子问题之前先在小组中进行讨论。他们的回答揭示了他们对主题的把握，在重复下一个概念之前，教师在一个简短的课堂讨论中处理了这个问题。

以前的研究表明，这种以学生为中心的教学方法比教师主导的教学更有效，Wieman说这项研究试图提供%的特别干净“比较……准确地衡量在教室里能学到什么。”他希望这项研究劝说教职员工停止讲授传统的课程，并“改用”更多交互式方法。科罗拉多州多个系的55门课程现在都提供了这种服务接近，e说，同样的事情正在UBC逐渐发生。

1.从第二段中我们可以了解到卡尔·威曼领导的这项研究的哪些内容？

A）学生们首先是通过“深思熟虑的练习”的方法进行教学的。

B）物理专业开设了一门物理入门课。

C）学生们首先是通过“深思熟虑的练习”的方法进行教学的。

D）一位教授用传统的讲课来教授同一节课。

2.研究结果表明----------

A）学生们在实验课的测试中表现更好

B）学生们似乎更专注于控制部分

C）与控制组相比，学生们更喜欢传统的讲座

D）整个15周的课程实际上是以新的方式进行的

3.根据第三段，威曼如何看待传统的讲座？

A）它们只持续了很短的时间。

B）他们继续在教学中发挥重要作用。

C）他们能使学生更积极地学习。

D）事实证明它们是无效的。

4.“深思熟虑的练习”方法是如何起作用的？

A）首先向学生提出一些开放性问题。

B）学生们必须交纸质作业。

C）教师要求学生通过小组讨论掌握概念

D）老师希望学生在任何时候都能自由地表达自己的意见。

5.根据最后一段，以学生为中心的教学法。

A）将及时取代传统的教学方式

B）能大致评估学生的课堂表现。

C）可以达到和传统讲座一样的效果

D) 已经被一些大学录取了

艾滋病人可以当医生R5

Health workers who are HIV positive are banned from performing most surgery or dental treatment in case they cut themselves with their instruments and infect patients with their blood. They can only perform day-to-day tasks, including giving injections, which are considered low risk. But the Department of Health wants to lift the ban because it says the chance of a health worker infecting a patient is “ negligible”. It has undertaken research suggesting the risk of a patient catching HIV from their doctor, dentist or surgeon is less than one in five million, similar to that of being killed by lightning. Officials say the risk can be further reduced by ensuring any infected member of staff takes medication to reduce their virus count, which means it cannot easily be passed on. There are 110 frontline workers in the National Health Service with HIV who would be affected by the rule change.

Since 2006 all members of staff who deal with patients have had to undergo compulsory blood tests to check whether they have the virus. The Government says there have so far been no recorded cases of patients in Britain catching HTV from a healthcare worker, although it has happened abroad. The Department of Health launched a consultation yesterday on its proposals to lift the ban and in the next few weeks will gather feedback from organizations and the public.Officials are expected to make a final decision next year. They point out that rules in Britain are far stricter compared with elsewhere in the world. In Austria, Belgium, Canada, France and Sweden, for example, it is up to individual employers such as hospitals to decide whether a worker can perform surgery or other tasks.

Under the proposals, HIV-infected health workers would have to be given combination antiretroviral (抗逆转录病毒的）drug therapy” to reduce the virus count so it could not be transmitted. They would also have to undergo tests to check the virus count was low before they could perform surgery and other procedures. Deborah Jack, chief executive of the National Aids Trust, said, “These recommended rule changes for healthcare workers with HIV are long overdue. Sadly, the UK has lagged behind other countries in addressing this issue.”

1. Why are health workers with HIV banned from performing certain medical tasks?A

A) Because they may infect patients by accident.

B) Because they are too weak to operate on the patients.

C) Because they are not capable of doing their jobs well.

D) Because they are likely to get infected with other viruses.

2 What does the author mean by saying “••• similar to that of being killed by lightning”（Para. 1)?D

A) The number of patients infected with HIV is relatively small.

B) Both HIV and lightning have already taken a heavy toll.

C) People who are infected with HIV are doomed to die.

D) Patients have a very low risk of catching HIV from doctors.

3. What can we learn about the roles of limiting health workers with HIV in Austria?C

a) They are generally accepted by individual employers

B) They effectively prevent paients from catching HIV.

C) They are not as strict as those in Britain.

D) They make more health workers out of work

4. What would HIV-infected health workers have to do under the proposals?B

A) They have to be very careful when performing surgery.

B) They need to undergo tests to ensure the low virus count.

C) They can only perform low-risk duties like giving injections

D) They must report the cases if HIV infections as quickly as possible

5. Regarding the recommended rules changes in Britain, Deborah Jack thinks?B

A) They are not necessary as they come late.

B) they should have been made long before

C) Britain needs to learn from other countries

D) Britain can hardly catch up with other countries.

艾滋病病毒阳性的卫生工作者被禁止进行大多数手术或牙科治疗，以防他们用仪器割伤自己，并用血液感染病人。他们只能执行日常任务，包括注射，这被认为是低风险的。但是卫生部希望解除这项禁令，因为它说一名卫生工作者感染病人的几率“微不足道”。它进行的研究表明，病人从医生、牙医或外科医生那里感染艾滋病毒的风险不到五百万分之一，与被闪电杀死的风险相似。官员们说，通过确保任何被感染的员工服用药物来减少病毒数量，这意味着病毒不会轻易传播，从而进一步降低感染的风险。在国家卫生服务中心，有110名感染艾滋病毒的一线工作人员将受到规则变化的影响。

自2006年以来，所有与病人打交道的工作人员都必须接受强制性血液检测，以检查他们是否携带病毒。英国政府说，迄今为止，还没有记录在案的英国病人从一名医护人员那里感染了HTV，尽管这种情况发生在国外。卫生部昨日就取消禁令的建议展开了磋商，并将在未来几周内收集各组织和政府的反馈意见公职人员预计明年会做出最后决定。他们指出，与世界其他地方相比，英国的规定要严格得多。例如，在奥地利、比利时、加拿大、法国和瑞典，由医院等个人雇主决定一名工人是否可以进行手术或其他任务。

根据这些提议，感染艾滋病毒的卫生工作者必须接受联合抗逆转录病毒（antiretroviral）药物治疗，以减少病毒数量，使其不会传播。在进行手术和其他手术之前，他们还必须接受检测，以检查病毒数量是否低。美国国家艾滋病信托基金会（National Aids Trust）首席执行官黛博拉•杰克（Deborah Jack）说：“这些针对感染艾滋病毒的医护人员的建议性规则修改早就应该出台了。遗憾的是，英国在解决这一问题上落后于其他国家。”

1为什么艾滋病病毒携带者被禁止执行某些医疗任务？A

A）因为它们可能会意外感染病人。

B）因为他们太虚弱不能给病人动手术。

C）因为他们不能做好本职工作。

D）因为他们很可能会感染其他病毒。

2作者说“类似于被闪电杀死”是什么意思。1)?D级

A）感染艾滋病毒的病人人数相对较少。

B）艾滋病病毒和闪电都已经造成了重大损失。

C）感染艾滋病病毒的人注定要死。

D）病人从医生那里感染艾滋病毒的风险很低。

3我们能从奥地利限制艾滋病病毒携带者的作用中学到什么？C

a）他们普遍被个人雇主接受

B）他们有效地防止病人感染艾滋病病毒。

C）他们不像英国那样严格。

D）他们使更多的卫生工作者失业

4根据这些建议，感染艾滋病毒的卫生工作者必须做些什么？B

A）他们做手术时必须非常小心。

B）他们需要接受测试，以确保低病毒计数。

C）他们只能履行注射等低风险职责

D）如果艾滋病毒感染，他们必须尽快报告病例

5关于英国规则修改的建议，黛博拉·杰克认为？B

A）他们没有必要，因为他们来晚了。

B）它们应该早就制造出来了

C）英国需要向其他国家学习

D）英国很难赶上其他国家。

电子阅读器R6

Volumes have been written about technology’s ability to connect people. But burying one’s nose in a book has always been somewhat isolating—with its unspoken assertion that the reader does not want to be disturbed. So what about a device that occupies the evolving intersection (交集） between? “Strangers constantly ask about it,” Michael Hughes, a communications associate at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, said of his iPad, which he uses to read a mix of novels and nonfiction. “It’s almost like having a new baby. ” An iPad owner for four months， Mr. Hughes said people were much more likely to approach him now than when he (携带）a book. “People approach me and ask to see it，to touch it，how much I like it，” he said. “That rarely happens with dead-tree books. H

With the price of e-readers coming down, sales of the small devices are rising. Last month, Amazon reported that so far this year, Kindle sales had tripled over last year?s. When Amazon cut Kindled price in June to $ 189 from $ 259, over the next month Amazon sold 180 e-books for every 100 hardcovers. Social manners surrounding the act of reading alone in public may be changing along with increased popularity. Suddenly, the lone, unapproachable reader at the corner table seems less alone. Given that some e-readers can display books while connecting online, there’s a chance the former bookworm is already plugged into a conversation somewhere, said Paul Levinson, professor of communication and media studies at Fordham University.

“I think, historically, there has been a stigma (耻辱）attached to the bookworm, and that actually came from the not-untrue notion that, if you were reading, you weren’t socializing with other people,” Dr. Levinson said. “But the e-reader changes that also because e-readers are connected to bigger systems.” For many, e-readers are todayJs must-have accessory, eating into old notions of what being bookish might have meant. “Buying literature has become cool again,”he said.

1. Why does the author say that readers are somewhat isolated?A

A) They imply that they don’t want to be disturbed.

B) They bury their noses in the books.

C) They are lonely people in nature.

D) They don’t connect with others.

2. What can we conclude from Michael Hughes’ words?D

A) Strangers are curious about him.

B) He has just had a new baby.

C) He never uses his iPad to read.

D) People come to him to ask about his iPad.

3. What is new about the e-readers for the former bookworm?C

A) They can be read alone by readers in public

B) They are owned by lone and unapproachable readers.

C) They can be used to launch a conversation while displaying books.

D) They tend to talk about the background information while displaying books.

4. What is the authors attitude towards e-readers?A

A) Positive.

B) Negative.

C) Indifferent

D) Biased.

5. What is the main idea of the passage?D

A) E-readers are beginning to revive.

B) E-readers become less expensive.

C) Bookworms do not exist anymore.

D) E-readers make readers less isolated.

很多书都写了关于科技连接人的能力。但是埋头读书总是有点与世隔绝，因为书中不言而喻地宣称读者不想被打扰。那么，如果一个设备占据了这两者之间不断发展的交叉点（交集）呢？巴尔的摩约翰霍普金斯大学彭博公共卫生学院（Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health）的通讯助理迈克尔休斯（Michael Hughes）在谈到自己的iPad时说：“陌生人经常会问这个问题。”。“简直就像生了个新宝宝。休斯先生说，现在人们更愿意接近他，而不是他买书的时候。他说：“人们走近我，问我看它，摸它，我有多喜欢它。”。“这种情况很少发生在枯树丛书上。小时

随着电子阅读器价格的下降，小型设备的销量也在上升。上个月，亚马逊发布报告称，今年以来，Kindle销量比去年增长了两倍？s、当亚马逊在6月份将kindle价格从259美元下调至189美元时，接下来的一个月，亚马逊每100本精装书就卖出180本电子书。随着大众化程度的提高，人们在公共场合单独阅读的社交方式也在发生变化。突然间，坐在角落桌子旁的孤独的、难以接近的读者似乎不再那么孤独了。福特汉姆大学（Fordham University）传播与媒体研究教授保罗莱文森（paullevinson）表示，考虑到一些电子阅读器可以在联网的同时展示书籍，这位前书呆子有可能已经在某个地方与人交谈。

“我认为，从历史上看，书虫有一种耻辱感，那就是

莱文森博士说：“事实上，这是一种不切实际的观念，即如果你在读书，你就不会和其他人交往。”。“但电子阅读器改变了这一点，也是因为电子阅读器连接到了更大的系统。”对许多人来说，电子阅读器是当今的必备配件，蚕食了书本可能意味着什么的旧观念。他说：“购买文学又变得很酷了。

1为什么作者说读者有点孤立？

A）他们暗示他们不想被打扰。

B）他们埋头读书。

C）他们本质上是孤独的人。

D）他们不和别人联系。

2从迈克尔休斯的话我们能得出什么结论？

A）陌生人对他很好奇。

B）他刚生了个宝宝。

C）他从不用iPad看书。

D）有人来问他iPad的事。

3 前书呆子的电子阅读器有什么新特点？

A）读者可以在公共场合单独阅读

B）它们属于孤独的、无法接近的读者。

C）它们可以用来在展示书籍时发起对话。

他们倾向于在展示书籍时谈论背景信息。

4作者对电子阅读器的态度如何？

A）肯定的。

B）没有。

C）漠不关心

D）偏颇的。

5这篇文章的主旨是什么？

A）电子阅读器开始复苏。

B）电子阅读器变得便宜了。

C）书虫已经不存在了。

D）电子阅读器使读者不那么孤立。

寿司发胖R7

Sushi （寿司） is no longer the sole preserve of the adventurous diner. These days, grabbing a pack for lunch is almost as common as picking up a cheese and sandwich. The Japanese dish can be bought from every major supermarket (where sales have risen an astonishing 88 percent in the past 2 years). Indeed, the British sushi industry---of which Tesco has a 60 percent market share--- is worth more than 56 million pounds annually.

The main reason for its surge in popularity is its reputation as a health, meal. Japanese women are among the healthiest in the world, while slender celebrities such as Victoria Beckham, Cheryl Cole and Keira Knightley are all fans of the raw fish dish.

But do sushi’s nutrition credentials (证书)---especially the Western version-stack up? Not always, according to dietitian (营养学家）Rachel Beller. In her book Eat To Lose, Eat To Win, she says a “light”lunch of sushi may mean you overdose on calories and carbohydrates （碳水化合物). “A typical sushi roll contains 290 to 350 calories and has the carbohydrate equivalent of two-and-a-half to four slices of bread, ?says Ms Beller.

Bear in mind a sushi lunch contains two or three of these rolls, a total of up to 1,050 calories,and it is easy to see how we抮e conning ourselves that we抮e enjoying a low-calorie, healthy lunch.

Many of us believe eating sushi is a good way to get the officially recommended two portions of fish each week, but here’s the problem; most sushi contains very little protein, despite its expense.Health experts say a portion of fish should weigh 140g, but on average, the fish in a California roll (round rolled sushi, containing a small piece of fish) or piece of nigiri (rice with fish balanced on the top) weighs just 5g. You’d need to eat 28 pieces of sushi to reach your 140g portion-or more, if you choose a mixed sushi box containing vegetarian varieties.

Even “fish”sushi boxes don’t contain much. Marks & Spencer Fish Sushi Selection (191g, ?4.68) has just 36g of fish, meaning you would have to eat four boxes and consume 1,184 calories to get one of your recommended fish portions.

1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?A

A)Sushi makes a hit in the UK nowadays.

B)Tesco is a giant supermarket selling Sushi only.

C)British people prefer sushi to sandwiches and cheese.

D)Sushi enjoys popularity only among adventurous diners.

2. What is the main reason that sushi is Incoming popular according to the passage?B

A) Because it is made of raw fish.

B) Because it is regarded as a healthy food.

C) Because Japanese women eat it.

D) Because world-famous stars follow rt.

3. According to Rachel Beller, a “light lunch of sushi ?C

A)contains enough nutrients for the human body

B)contains too many rolls in a box

C)is actually deceiving the dieters themselves

D)is providing as equal calories and carbohydrates as bread

4.As a matter of fact, getting the officially recommended portions of fish is equal to ?D

A)eating sushi in various types bought mainly from Tesco

B)eating a light lunch of sushi and four slices of bread

C)eating a mixed sushi box containing vegetarian varieties

D)eating 56 California rolls

5.Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A

A) How Sushi Can Make Us Fat

B) Sushi Is Popular in Britain

C) Sushi Is Dangerous to Humans

D) What Sushi Is-A Japanese Dish

寿司（Sushi）已不再是这个爱冒险的食客的唯一食物。如今，午餐吃一包几乎和吃奶酪和三明治一样常见。这道日本菜可以从每一家大型超市买到（在过去两年里，超市的销售额增长了88%，令人吃惊）。事实上，英国的寿司产业——乐购占有60%的市场份额——每年价值超过5600万英镑。

它受欢迎的主要原因是它作为一种健康食品的声誉。日本妇女也在其中

世界上最健康的，而苗条的名人如维多利亚·贝克汉姆、谢丽尔·科尔和凯拉·奈特利都是生鱼的粉丝。

但是寿司的营养证书（尤其是西式的）有什么价值呢？据营养师雷切尔·贝勒说，并不总是这样。她在书中说，一顿“清淡”的寿司午餐可能意味着你摄入了过量的卡路里和碳水化合物。“一个典型的寿司卷含有290到350卡路里，碳水化合物相当于两片半到四片面包。”？贝勒女士说。

请记住，寿司午餐中含有两到三个这样的面包卷，总热量高达1050卡路里，

很容易看出我们是如何自欺欺人地认为我们正在享受一顿低热量、健康的午餐。

我们中的许多人相信吃寿司是一个很好的方法，以获得官方推荐的每周两份鱼，但问题是，大多数寿司含有很少的蛋白质，尽管它的费用。

健康专家说，一份鱼的重量应该是140克，但平均来说，加州卷（圆卷寿司，里面有一小片鱼）或一片尼吉里（米饭，上面有鱼）中的鱼只有5克。你需要吃28片寿司才能达到140克或更多，如果你选择一个混合寿司盒含有素食品种。

即使是“鱼”寿司盒也不含太多。玛莎百货鱼寿司精选（191g？（4.68）只有36克的鱼，这意味着你必须吃四盒，消耗1184卡路里才能得到你推荐的一份鱼。

1从第一段我们能推断出什么？

A）寿司现在在英国很流行。

B）乐购是一家只卖寿司的大型超市。

C）比起三明治和奶酪，英国人更喜欢寿司。

D）寿司只在喜欢冒险的食客中受欢迎。

2根据这篇文章，寿司流行的主要原因是什么？

A）因为它是生鱼做的。

B）因为它被认为是一种健康食品。

C）因为日本女人吃。

D）因为世界著名的明星都跟着rt。

3.瑞秋·贝勒说，一顿“清淡的寿司午餐？

A）为人体提供足够的营养

B）一个盒子里装的面包卷太多了

C）实际上是在欺骗节食者自己

D）提供和面包一样的热量和碳水化合物

4.事实上，得到官方推荐的鱼份等于？

A）吃主要从乐购买来的各种寿司

B）吃一顿清淡的午餐，寿司和四片面包

C）吃混合寿司盒含有素食品种

D）吃56个加州卷

5.以下哪一项是这篇文章的最佳标题？

A）寿司怎么能让我们发胖

B）寿司在英国很流行

C）寿司对人类是危险的

D）什么寿司是日本菜

贫困儿童教育基金R8

A new analysis of federal money that public schools receive for low-income students shows that a record number of the nation’s school districts will receive less in the coming academic year than they did for the one just ended.

For the 2005-2006 school year, spending under the Department of Education’s Title 1 program, which helps low-achieving children in high-poverty areas, is increasing 3,2 percent, to $12.6 billion. But because of population shifts, growing numbers of poor children, newer census data and complex formulas that determine how the money is divided, more than two-thirds of the districts, or 8843, will not receive as much financing as before.

The analysis, based on data from the department, was made by the Center on Education Policy, a group advocating for public schools. A similar study by the group last year showed that 55 percent of the schools would receive less money than they did in the previous year.

“It’s an alarming number,” said Tom Pagan, a former department official who conducted the analysis. “It’s clear that the amount of overall increase is not keeping pace with the number of poor kids.”

Susan Aspey, a department spokeswoman, defended the spending levels for Title 1, saying, “President Bush and Congress have invested record amounts of funding to help the nation’s neediest students.”

But Mr.Pagan said the increasing number of districts that are losing money is making it harder for the schools to meet the goals of the federal No Child Let Behind Act, the Bush administration’s signature education program, which measures progress through annual tests in math, reading and science. That is giving critics of the program more grounds to accuse the administration of not sufficiently financing the program while demanding greater results.

Title I provides the largest component of financing for No Child Let Behind.

“The federal government is concentrating more money in fewer districts,” said John F. Jennings, the president and chief executive of the Center on Education Policy. “It means there is lots of anger and lots of tension. They’re asking us to do more and more with less and less.”

6.As it is indicated in the passage, the new analysis_________.A

		A) studied the federal money spent on low-income students
		B) aimed at promoting the establishment of more public schools
		C)showed that about half the schools would receive less money
		D) was conducted by the Department of Education’s Title I program

7.Which of the following factors does NOT lead to the result that more than two-thirds of the district will get more poorly financed?D

		A) People often move from one place to another
		B) There are more children from poor families.
		C) The way of distributing money has changed.
		D) Spending under the Title I program decreased.

8. Susan Aspey looks at the funding by the government with _________.B

		A) criticism 批评
		B) consent 同意
		C) indifference 漠不关心
		D) expectation 期望

9. According to Tom Pagan, _________.B

		A) the government has done its best to finance the poor children
		B) the goals of NO Child Let Behind Act are difficult to realize
		C) the way of measuring progress by annual tests should be changed
		D) the Bush government should not have approved the Title I program.

10. When the government concentrates more money in fewer districts, ________.C

		A) more poor children will get benefited
		B) more public shools will have to be closed
		C) it will arouse more people’s dissatisfaction
		D) No Child Let Behind Act will be realized sooner

一项对公立学校为低收入学生提供的联邦资金的最新分析显示，美国有创纪录的学区将在下一学年收到比刚刚结束的那一学年更少的资金。

在2005-2006学年，教育部的“标题1”项目下的支出增长了3.2%，达到126亿美元，该项目帮助了高贫困地区成绩较差的儿童。但由于人口转移、贫困儿童数量的不断增加、新的人口普查数据以及决定资金分配方式的复杂公式，超过三分之二的地区（即8843个）将得不到像以前那样多的资金。

这项分析是由教育政策中心（centeroneducationpolicy，一个倡导公立学校的组织）根据教育部的数据进行的。该组织去年的一项类似研究显示，55%的学校将收到比前一年少的钱。

“这是一个令人震惊的数字，”负责分析的前部门官员汤姆帕根（tompagan）说。“很明显，整体增长的数量跟不上贫困孩子的数量。”

教育部发言人SusanAspey为标题1的开支水平辩护说：“布什总统和国会已经投入了创纪录的资金来帮助美国最贫困的学生。”

但是帕根先生他说，越来越多的地区在亏损，这使得这些学校很难实现《联邦不让儿童掉队法案》的目标，该法案是布什政府的标志性教育计划，通过每年的数学、阅读和科学考试来衡量进步。这给了批评该计划的人更多的理由指责政府在要求取得更大成果的同时，没有为该计划提供足够的资金。

第一章为“不让一个孩子掉队”提供了融资的最大组成部分。

教育政策中心主席兼首席执行官约翰詹宁斯（johnf.Jennings）说：“联邦政府正把更多的资金集中在更少的地区。”。“这意味着有很多愤怒和紧张。他们要求我们用越来越少的钱做越来越多的事。”

6.正如文中所指出的，新的分析方法。

A）研究了联邦政府花在低收入学生身上的钱

B）旨在促进建立更多的公立学校

C）显示大约一半的学校会收到更少的钱

D）是由教育部的第一类课程

7.下列哪一项因素不会导致超过三分之二的学区资金短缺？

A）人们经常从一个地方搬到另一个地方

B）贫困家庭的孩子越来越多。

C）分配货币的方式改变了。

D）第一项计划下的支出减少了。

Susan Aspey用“Uuku”查看政府的资金。

A）批评

B）同意

C）漠不关心

D）期望

9.根据汤姆帕根的说法，他说。

A）政府已尽力资助贫困儿童

B） “不让一个孩子掉队”的目标很难实现

C）用年度测试来衡量进度的方式应该改变

D）布什政府不应该批准“第一标题”计划。

10.当政府把更多的钱集中在更少的地区时。

A）更多的贫困儿童将受益

B）更多的公立学校将不得不关闭

C）会引起更多人的不满

D）不让一个孩子掉队的行为会很快实现

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