使用matplotlib生成图片，想要背景透明，而且图例部分也显示透明效果，找到了大概的设置方法，特此记录。

# coding=utf-8
# matplotlib背景透明示例图
# python 3.5import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import mpl
import scipy.stats as stats# 设置中文字体
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']def autolabel(rects):# attach some text labelsfor rect in rects:height = rect.get_height()# 设置标注文字及位置ax.text(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, 0.03 + height, '%.4f' % height, ha='center', va='bottom')# 数据
testData = [[0.87, 0.40, 0.56],[0.97, 0.50, 0.33],[0.88, 0.30, 0.44],[0.25, 0.23, 0.17],[0.73, 0.33, 0.45]]N = 3
width = 0.5
ind = np.arange(width, width*6*N, width*6)fig, ax = plt.subplots()
rectsTest1 = ax.bar(ind, (testData[0][0], testData[0][1], testData[0][2]), width, color=(0, 0, 1, 1), edgecolor=(0, 0, 1, 1))rectsTest2 = ax.bar(ind + width, (testData[1][0], testData[1][1], testData[1][2]), width, color=(1, 0, 0, 1), edgecolor=(1, 0, 0, 1))rectsTest3 = ax.bar(ind + 2*width, (testData[2][0], testData[2][1], testData[2][2]), width, color=(0, 1, 0, 1), edgecolor=(0, 1, 0, 1))rectsTest4 = ax.bar(ind + 3*width, (testData[3][0], testData[3][1], testData[3][2]), width, color=(1, 0.6471, 0, 1), edgecolor=(1, 0.6471, 0, 1))rectsTest5 = ax.bar(ind + 4*width, (testData[4][0], testData[4][1], testData[4][2]), width, color=(0.5804, 0, 0.8275, 1), edgecolor=(0.5804, 0, 0.8275, 1))ax.set_xlim(0, 9.5)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1.4)
ax.set_ylabel('数值')
ax.yaxis.grid(True)
ax.set_xticks(ind + width * 2.5)
ax.set_xticklabels(('P', 'R', 'F'))# 设置图例
legend = ax.legend((rectsTest1, rectsTest2, rectsTest3, rectsTest4, rectsTest5), ('test1', 'test2', 'test3', 'test4', 'test5'))
frame = legend.get_frame()
frame.set_alpha(1)
frame.set_facecolor('none') # 设置图例legend背景透明# 给每个数据矩形标注数值
autolabel(rectsTest1)
autolabel(rectsTest2)
autolabel(rectsTest3)
autolabel(rectsTest4)
autolabel(rectsTest5)plt.savefig('C:/Users/XX/Desktop/test.png', format='png', bbox_inches='tight', transparent=True, dpi=600) # bbox_inches='tight' 图片边界空白紧致, 背景透明

效果可能在网页上看不出来，但还是把图片贴上来吧。