美国国父乔治华盛顿首任就职演说

转: 美国国父乔治华盛顿首任就职演说

George Washington FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS

——April 30,1789

Among the vicissitudes incident to life no event could have filled with greater anxieties than that of which the notification was transmitted by your order, and received on the 14th day of the present month.

在人生沉浮中，没有一件事能比本月14号收到根据你们的命令送达的通知更使我焦虑不安。

On the one hand, I was summoned by my country , whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love.

一方面，国家召唤我出任此职，对于她的召唤，我永远只能肃然敬从。

from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection , and , in my flattering hopes, with an immutable decision, as the asylum of my declining years

而我十分偏爱、并曾选择了隐退，我还满怀奢望，矢志不移，誓愿以此为暮年归宿。

a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me by the addition of habit to inclination , and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time.

斗转星移，我越来越感到隐退的必要和亲切，因为喜爱之余，我已经习惯，还因为岁月催人渐老，身体常感不适。

On the other hand , the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my country called me , being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications.

另一方面，国家召唤我担任的责任如此重大和艰巨，足以使国内最有才华的智和经验的人度德量力;

could not but overwhelm with despondence one who (inheriting inferior endowments from nature and unpracticed in the duties of civil administration) ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies.

而我天生愚钝，有无民政管理的实践，应该倍觉自己能力之不足，因此必然感到难以荷此重任。

In this conflict of emotions all I dare aver is that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreciation of every circumstance by which it might be affected.

怀着这种矛盾的心情，我唯一敢断言的是，通过正确的理解可能产生影响的各种情况来恪尽职守，乃是我忠贞不渝的努力目标。

All I dare hope is that if,in executing this task,I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances, or by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow_citizens,

我唯一敢祈望的是，如果我在执行这项任务时因陶醉于往事，或因由衷感激公民们对我的高度信赖，

and have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination for the weighty and untried cares before me,

因而受到过多影响，以致在处理从未经历过的大事时，忽视了自己的无能和消极。

my error will be palliated by the motives which mislead me,

我的错误将会由于使我误人歧途的各种动机而减轻，

and its consequences be judged by my country with some share of the partiality in which they originated.

而大家在评判错误的后果时，也会适当包涵产生这些动机的偏见。

Such being the impressions under which I have,in obedience to the public summons,repaired to the present station, it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act my fervent supplications to that Almighty Being who rules over the universe, who presides in the councils of nations,and whose providential aids supply every human defect,

既然这就是我在遵奉公众召唤就任现职时的感想，那么，在此宣誓就职之际，

如不热忱地祈求全能的上帝就极其失当。因为上帝统治着宇宙。主宰着各国政府，它的神助能弥补人类的任何不足。

that His benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States a Government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes, and may enable every instrument employed in its administration to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge.

愿上帝赐福，保佑一个为美国人民的自由和幸福而组成的政府，保佑它为这些基本目标而作出奉献。保佑政府的各项行政措施在我负责之下都能成功地发挥作用。

In tendering this homage to the Great Author of every public and private good, I assure myself that it expresses your sentiments not less than my own, nor those of my fellow_citizens at large less than either.

在向公众利益和私人利益的伟大缔造者献上这份崇敬时，我保证这不仅表达了我自己的情感，这些话也同样表达了各位和广大公民的心意。

No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the Invisible Hand which conducts the affairs of men more than those of the United States.

没有人能比美国更坚定不移地承认和崇拜掌管人间事务的上帝。

Every step by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency;

他们在迈向独立国家的进程中，似乎每走一步都有某种天佑的迹象；

and in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united government the tranquil deliberations, along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage.

他们在刚刚完成的联邦政府体制的重大改革中，如果不是因虔诚的感恩而得到某种回报，

如果不是谦卑地期待着过去有所预示的赐福的到来，

These reflections,arising out of the present crisis,have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed.

那么，通过众多截然不同的集团的冷静思考和自愿赞同来完成改革，这种方式是不能与大多数政府的组建方式同日而语的。

You will join with me,I trust,in thinking that there are none under the influence of which the proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously commence.

在目前转折关头，我产生这些想法确实是深有所感而不能自己。我相信大家会和我怀有同感，即除了仰仗上帝的力量，一个新生的自由政府别无他法能一开始就事事顺利。

By the article establishing the executive department it is made the duty of the President,

根据设立行政部门的条款，总统有责任对你们提出建议。

"to recommend to your consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient."

如衡量权宜必要的判断之类的思路。

The circumstances under which I now meet you will acquit me from entering into that subject further than to refer to the great constitutional charter under which you are assembled,

但在目前与各位见面的这个场合，恕我不能进一步讨论这个问题，而只是提一下伟大的宪法，它使各位今天聚集一堂，

and which,in defining your powers,designates the objects to which your attention is to be given.

它规定了各位的权限，提出了各位应该注意的目标。

It will be more consistent with those circumstances,and far more congenial with the feelings which actuate me,

在这样的场合，更恰当、也更能反映我内心激情的做法

to substitute,in place of a recommendation of particular measures,the tribute that is due to the talents, the rectitude,and the patriotism which adorn the characters selected to devise and adopt them.

不是提出具体措施，而是称颂将要规划和采纳这些措施的当选者的才能、正直和爱国心。

In these honorable qualifications I behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local prejudices or attachments, no separate views nor party animosities,will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over this great assemblage of communities and interests,

我从这些高贵品格中看到了最可靠的保证：其一，任何地方偏见或地方感情，

任何意见分歧或党派敌视，都不能使我们偏离全局观念和公平观点，即必须维护这个由不同地区和不同利益所组成的大联合；

so ,on another,that the foundation of our national policy will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of private morality,

因为，其二，我国政策将会以纯洁而坚定的个人道德原则为基础，

and the preeminence of free government be exemplified by all the attributes which can win the affections of its citizens and command the respect of the world.

而自由政府将会以那赢得民心和全世界尊敬的一切特点而显示其优越性。

I dwell on this prospect with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my country can inspire,

我对国家的一片热爱之心激励着我满怀喜悦地展望这幅远景，

since there is no truth more thoroughly established than that there exists in the economy and course of nature an indissoluble union between virtue and happiness; between duty and advantage; between the genuine maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity;

因为根据天命和自然进程，在美德与幸福之间，责任与利益之间，恪守诚实宽厚的政策与获得社会繁荣幸福的硕果之间，有着密不可分的统一；

since we ought to be no a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right which Heaven itself has ordained;

因为我们应该同样相信，上帝亲自规定了永恒的秩序和权利法则，

and since the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and the destiny of the republican model of government are justly considered, perhaps,as deeply,as finally,staked on the experiment entrusted on the hands of the American people.

它决不可能对无视这些法则的国家仁慈地加以赞许；因为人们理所当然地、满怀深情地，

也许是最后一次把维护神圣的自由之火和共和制政府的命运，系于美国人所遵命进行的实验上。

Besides the ordinary objects submitted to your care, it will remain with your judgment to decide how far an exercise of the occasional power delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is rendered expedient at the present juncture by the nature of objections which have been urged against the system , or by the degree of inquietude which has given by no lights derived from official opportunities , I shall again give way to my entire confidence in your discernment and pursuit of the public good; for I assure myself that whilst you carefully avoid every alteration which might endanger the benefits of an united an defective government, or which ought to await the future lessons of experience, a reverence for the characteristic rights of freemen and a regard for the public harmony will sufficiently influence your deliberations on the question how far the former can be impregnably fortified or the latter be safely and advantageously promoted.

除了提请各位注意的一般事务外，在当前时刻，根据激烈反对共和制的各种意见的性质，或根据引起这些意见的不安程度，在必要时行使宪法第五条授予的权力究竟有多大益处，将留待你们来加以判断和决定。在这个问题上，我无法从过去担任过的职务中得到借鉴，因此我不提具体建议，而是再一次完全信任各位对公众利益的辨别和追求；因为我相信，各位只要谨慎避免做出任何可能危及团结而有效的政府的利益的修订，或避免作出应该等待未来经验教训的修订，那么，各位对自由人特有权力的尊重和对社会和谐的关注，就足以影响大家慎重考虑应在何种程度上坚定不移地加强前者，并有利无弊地促进后者。

To the foregoing observations I have one to add, which will be most properly addressed to he House of Representatives. It concerns myself ,and will therefore be as brief as possible. When I was first honored with a call into the service of my country ,then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liberties, the light in which I contemplated my duty required that I should renounce every pecuniary compensation. From this resolution I have in no instance departed; and being still under the impressions which produced it, I must decline as inapplicable to myself any share in the personal emoluments which may be indispensably included in a permanent ,and must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates for the station in which I am placed may during my continuance in it be limited to such actual expenditures as the public good may be thought to require.

除上述意见外，我还要补充一点，而且向众议院提出最为恰当这条意见涉及到本人，因此宜尽量讲得简短一些。我第一次荣幸地奉诏为过效劳时，正值我过为自由而艰苦奋斗之际，我对我职责的看法要求我必须放弃任何俸禄。我从未违背过这一决定。如今，促使我做出这一决定的想法仍然支配着我，因此，我必须拒绝享用任何个人报酬，并认为这对我来说是不适宜的，而不可避免的是，行政部门享有俸金有可能被列入永久性规定。同样，我必须恳求各位，在估算我就任的这个职位所需要的费用时，可以根据我的任期以公共利益所需要的实际费用为限。

Having thus imparted to you my sentiments as they have been awakened by the occasion which brings us together, I shall take my present leave; but not without resorting once more to the benign Parent of the Human Race in humble supplication that, since He has been pleased to favor the American people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect tranquility, and dispositions for deciding with unparalleled unanimity on a form of government for the security of their union and the advancement of their happiness, so His divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, the temperate consultations ,and the wise measures on which the success of this Government must depend.

我已将有感于这一聚会场合的想法奉告各位，现在我就要向大家告辞；但在此之前，我要再一次以谦卑的心情祈求仁慈的上帝给予帮助。因为承蒙上帝的恩赐，美国人有了深思熟虑的机会，以及为确保联邦的安全和促进幸福，用前所未有的一致意见来决定政府体制的意向，既然如此，上帝将明显地保佑我们能扩大眼界，稳健地进行协商，并采取明智的措施，而这些都是本届政府取得成功所必不可少的依靠。

New Words:

vicissitudes [vi'sisitju:dz] n. 变迁；兴衰；枯荣；（人生的）盛衰（vicissitude的复数）

incident ['insidənt] n. 事件，事变；插曲

anxiety [æŋ'zaiəti] n. 焦虑

notification[,nəutifi'keiʃən] n. 通知；通告；[法] 告示

transmit [trænz'mit, træns-, trɑ:n-] vt. 传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传

summon ['sʌmən] vt. 召唤；召集；

veneration [,venə'reiʃən] n. 尊敬；崇拜

retreat [ri'tri:t] n. 撤退；休息寓所；撤退

fondest adj.喜欢的，喜爱的，

predilection [,pri:di'lekʃən] n. 偏爱，嗜好

immutable [i'mju:təbl] adj. 不变的；不可变的；不能变的

asylum [ə'sailəm] n. 庇护；收容所，救济院

declining years n. 垂暮之年；老年

declining [di'klainiŋ] v. 下降；衰退（decline的ing形式）adj. 下滑的；衰退的；倾斜的

the addition of 再加上

inclination [,inkli'neiʃən] n. 倾向，爱好

interruption [,intə'rʌpʃən] n. 中断；干扰；中断之事

gradual ['ɡrædʒuəl] adj. 逐渐的；平缓的

committed [kə'mitid] v. 承诺；委托； adj. 坚定的；效忠的；承担义务的

magnitude ['mæɡnitju:d] n. 大小；量级；[地震] 震级；重要；光度

sufficient [sə'fiʃənt] adj. 足够的；充分的

awaken [ə'weikən] vt. 唤醒；唤起；使…意识到vi. 觉醒；醒来；意识到

wisest adj. 聪明的；贤明的

distrustful [dis'trʌstful] adj. 怀疑的；不信任的；可疑的

scrutiny ['skru:tini] n. 详细审查；监视；细看；选票复查

overwhelm [,əuvə'hwelm] vt. 压倒；淹没；受打击

despondence [di'spɔndənsi ,-dəns] n. 沮丧；悲观；失望

（等于despondency [di'spɔndənsi ,-dəns]n. 泄气；意气消沉）

ought [ɔ:t] aux. 应该，应当；大概 vi. 应该，应当；大概

peculiarly [pi'kju:liəli] adv. 特别；尤其；古怪地；奇怪地

conscious ['kɔnʃəs] adj. 意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的 conscious of 意识到

deficiencies n. 缺乏，不足；缺陷

deficiency [di'fiʃənsi] n. 缺陷，缺点；缺乏；不足的数额

conflict [kən'flikt, 'kɔnflikt] n. 冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执 vi. 冲突，抵触；争执；战斗

emotion [i'məuʃən] n. 情感；情绪

aver [ə'və:] vt. 断言，极力声明；主张

appreciation [ə,pri:ʃi'eiʃən] n. 欣赏，鉴别；感谢

circumstance ['sə:kəmstəns] n. 环境，情况；事件；境遇

executingv. 执行（execute的ing形式）

execute ['eksikju:t] vt. 实行；执行；处死

sway [swei] vt. 影响；统治；使摇动 n. 影响；摇摆；统治

remembrance [ri'membrəns] n. 回想，回忆；纪念品；记忆力

former ['fɔ:mə] adj. 从前的，前者的；前任的

instance ['instəns] n. 实例；情况；建议

affectionate [ə'fekʃənət] adj. 深情的；充满深情的

sensibility [,sensi'biliti] n. 情感；敏感性；感觉；识别力

transcendent [træn'sendənt] n. 卓越的人；超绝物 adj. 卓越的；超常的；出类拔萃的

thence [ðens, θens] adv. 从那里；因此；从那时起

consult [kɔn'sʌlt, 'kɔnsʌlt] vi. 请教；商议；当顾问 vt. 查阅；商量；向…请教

incapacity [,inkə'pæsəti] n. 无能力，无能

disinclination [,disinkli'neiʃən] n. 不感兴趣；厌恶；不起劲

weighty ['weiti:] adj. 重的；重大的；严肃的

untried [,ʌn'traid] adj. 未经实验的；未经审讯的；未经检查的

palliate ['pælieit] vt. 减轻；掩饰；辩解

motive ['məutiv] n. 动机，目的；主题 adj. 发动的；成为动机的 vt. 使产生动机，激起

mislead [,mis'li:d] vt. 误导；带错

consequence ['kɔnsi,kwəns] n. 结果；重要性；推论

partiality [,pɑ:ʃi'æliti] n. 偏心；偏袒；偏爱；癖好

originate [ə'ridʒəneit] vi. 发源；发生；起航vt. 引起；创作

obedience [ə'biːdiəns] n. 顺从；服从；遵守

station ['steiʃən] n. 站；驻地；地位；身分vt. 配置；安置；驻扎

peculiarly [pi'kju:liəli] adv. 特别；尤其；古怪地；奇怪地

improper [im'prɔpə] adj. 不正确的，错误的；不适当的；不合礼仪的

fervent ['fə:vənt] adj. 热心的；强烈的；炽热的；热烈的

supplication [,sʌpli'keiʃən] n. 恳求；祈祷

preside [pri'zaid] vi. 主持，担任会议主席

council ['kaunsəl] n. 委员会；会议；理事会；地方议会；顾问班子

providential [,prɔvi'denʃəl] adj. 幸运的

supply [sə'plai] n. 供给，补给；供应品vt. 供给，提供；补充vi. 供给；替代

defect ['di:fekt, di'f-, di'fekt] n. 缺点，缺陷；不足之处vi. 变节；叛变

benediction [,beni'dikʃən] n. 祝福；赐福；恩赐；祈求上帝赐福的仪式

consecrate ['kɔnsi,kreit] adj. 神圣的；被献给神的vt. 奉献；使神圣；供神用；献身于

institute ['institjut, -tu:t] n. 学会，协会；学院vt. 开始（调

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