centOS7下安装配置nagios

谨参照https://blog.csdn.net/ronmy/article/details/65662302，记录一下centOS7下nagios配置步骤，完整的步骤以及原理请参照原文，原文非常详细！

想要实现的效果是，把一台linux配置为监控主机，这台监控主机监控本机的一些服务，另外还监控一台linux机器和一台windows机器的服务。

nagios的安装：

安装基础支持套件：

[root@nagios-a ~]# yum install gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel xinetd openssl-devel -y

创建nagios和nagios用户组，创建nagios目录并授权

[root@nagios-a ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios
[root@nagios-a ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nagios
[root@nagios-a ~]# chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios

查看授权是否成功

[root@nagios-a ~]# ll -d /usr/local/nagios/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 nagios nagios 6 Mar 13 16:35 /usr/local/nagios/

进入nagios网站下载nagios的压缩包，注意，www.nagios.org是开源的nagios core，而www.nagios.com是需要付费的功能更强大的nagios XI，这里讲的nagios是开源的nagios core。

wget https://assets.nagios.com/downloads/nagioscore/releases/nagios-4.4.3.tar.gz#_ga=2.261504205.1512090010.1552467729-531967639.1552467729tar -zxvf nagios-4.4.3.tar.gz cd nagios-4.4.3/./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios/make allmake installmake install -initmake install-commandmodemake install-config

进入nagios目录检查安装文件是否完整，检查nagios是否安装成功：

cd /usr/local/nagios/
ls
[root@nagios-a nagios]# ls
bin  etc  libexec  sbin  share  var
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfgNagios Core 4.4.3
Copyright (c) 2009-present Nagios Core Development Team and Community Contributors
Copyright (c) 1999-2009 Ethan Galstad
Last Modified: 2019-01-15
License: GPLWebsite: https://www.nagios.org
Reading configuration data...Read main config file okay...Read object config files okay...Running pre-flight check on configuration data...Checking objects...Checked 8 services.Checked 1 hosts.Checked 1 host groups.Checked 0 service groups.Checked 1 contacts.Checked 1 contact groups.Checked 24 commands.Checked 5 time periods.Checked 0 host escalations.Checked 0 service escalations.
Checking for circular paths...Checked 1 hostsChecked 0 service dependenciesChecked 0 host dependenciesChecked 5 timeperiods
Checking global event handlers...
Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands...
Checking misc settings...Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors:   0Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check

安装配置php

yum install php
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.confUser daemon
Group daemon
改为
User nagios
Group nagios <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
改为
<IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
</IfModule> ServerName 192.200.1.121:80Listen 80

在这个文件最后增加以下代码，使nagios的web页面必须经过授权才能访问

#setting for nagios
ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"
<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"> AuthType Basic Options ExecCGI AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all AuthName "Nagios Access" #用于此目录访问身份验证的文件AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd              Require valid-user
</Directory>
Alias /nagios "/usr/local/nagios/share"
<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/share"> AuthType Basic Options None AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all AuthName "nagios Access" AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd Require valid-user
</Directory>

在上面的配置中，指定了目录验证文件htpasswd，下面要创建这个文件：

/usr/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd nagios

修改 vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/cgi.cfg

default_user_name=nagios
authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,nagios
authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,nagios
authorized_for_system_commands=nagios
authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,nagios
authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,nagios
authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,nagios
authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,nagios

之后启动服务：

systemctl httpd.service start
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

到此，nagios安装完成了，已经可以通过网页来访问了。

需要注意的是，nagios只是一个空壳，真正起到监控功能的是nagios的各种插件，现在安装nagios的插件，依然是那个网址，nagios.org：

下载后，解压，安装：

tar -zxvf nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-2.2.1/
./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios
make
make all
make installls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/|wc -l
#查看插件的个数

插件装好了，下面修改一下配置文件，设置监控的主机，首先设置监控本机：

在/usr/local/nagios/etc/object/下，有一个localhost.cfg文件，这个文件本来就是存在的，是不需要修改的。

define host {use                     linux-server            ; Name of host template to use; This host definition will inherit all variables that are defined; in (or inherited by) the linux-server host template definition.host_name               localhostalias                   1.121address                 127.0.0.1
}

这样，本机就修改完了，接下来，进行监控windows的配置：

在/usr/local/nagios/etc/object/下，有一个windows.cfg文件，这个文件也是本来就存在的，修改这个文件，使nagios可以监控windows主机，修改这个文件也非常简单，只需要把windows主机的ip地址放在address对应位置就可以了：

define host {use                     windows-server          ; Inherit default values from a templatehost_name               winserver               ; The name we're giving to this hostalias                   My Windows Server       ; A longer name associated with the hostaddress                 192.200.10.202          ; IP address of the host
}

当然，alias可以改成任意的名字。

重启nagios，可以发现localhost的服务被正常监控，windows主机也可以被ping通，但是windows的服务是监控不到的，这是怎么回事呢，是因为windows没有装nagios插件呀，这样nagios就无法监控到windows的服务了，下面为windows安装nagios插件：

windows下的nagios监控插件名叫NSClient++，访问官网http://www.nsclient.org，下载安装包，这里我下载的是NSCP-0.5.2.35-x64 .msi，下载完成以后，双击进行安装，

这里我选的是comlete：

安装完成后，记得在服务中把NSClient++服务启动起来：

然后看到有些服务已经起来了，但是有些服务看起来并不能正常监控，下面修改一下windows插件的配置文件，默认安装的位置是在C:\Program Files\NSClient++下，nsclient.ini这个文件就是配置文件了

# If you want to fill this file with all available options run the following command:
#   nscp settings --generate --add-defaults --load-all
# If you want to activate a module and bring in all its options use:
#   nscp settings --activate-module <MODULE NAME> --add-defaults
# For details run: nscp settings --help; in flight - TODO
[/settings/default]; Undocumented key
allowed hosts = 192.200.1.121; in flight - TODO
[/settings/NRPE/server]; Undocumented key
verify mode = none; Undocumented key
insecure = true; in flight - TODO
[/modules]; Undocumented key
CheckExternalScripts = enabled; Undocumented key
CheckHelpers = enabled; Undocumented key
CheckNSCP = enabled; Undocumented key
CheckDisk = enabled; Undocumented key
WEBServer = enabled; Undocumented key
CheckSystem = enabled; Undocumented key
NSClientServer = enabled; Undocumented key
CheckEventLog = enabled; Undocumented key
NSCAClient = enabled; Undocumented key
NRPEServer = enabled

把 diable改为enabled，这样服务就能被监控了，改完之后记得去把服务里把NSClient++服务重启一下，然后就能看到监控正常了呢

当然，如果有些服务你不想让他监控，那就去配置文件修改一下监控的内容，比如不想监控一些windows服务，那么就在：windows.cfg文件里把相应的服务注释掉：

#define service {
#
#    use                     generic-service
#    host_name               winserver
#    service_description     W3SVC
#    check_command           check_nt!SERVICESTATE!-d SHOWALL -l W3SVC
#}# Create a service for monitoring the Explorer.exe process
# Change the host_name to match the name of the host you defined above#define service {#    use                     generic-service
#    host_name               winserver
#    service_description     Explorer
#    check_command           check_nt!PROCSTATE!-d SHOWALL -l Explorer.exe
#}

同理，linux的本机localhost.cfg文件，注释掉相应的服务：


#define service {
#
#    use                     local-service           ; Name of service template to use
#    host_name               localhost
#   service_description     HTTP
#    check_command           check_http
#    notifications_enabled   0
#}

之后重启nagios服务，可以看到注释掉的服务都不见了：

至此，已经配置好了nagios对本机和windows主机的监控，下面进行配置nagios监控其他linux机器：

监控其他linux机器，一般来说需要手动添加两个文件，在安装nagios目录下的 /nagios/etc/object/下，分别是hosts.cfg文件和services.cfg文件，其中hosts.cfg文件主要指定被监控主机的相关情况，包括ip地址以及主机名等；而services.cfg则是定义需要监控的服务等，下面给出简单的配置示例：

hosts.cfg

define host{use                     linux-serverhost_name               1.131address                 192.200.1.131}define host{use                     linux-serverhost_name               2.76address                 192.200.2.76}
#####################################################################
define hostgroup{hostgroup_name          test-serversalias                   test serversmembers                 1.131,2.76}

在hosts.cfg文件中简单定义了两台需要监控的linux主机以及一个主机组，use项是引用了local-service服务的属性值，这个local-service在template.cfg文件中有定义，定义如下：

define host {name                            linux-server            ; The name of this host templateuse                             generic-host            ; This template inherits other values from the generic-host templatecheck_period                    24x7                    ; By default, Linux hosts are checked round the clockcheck_interval                  5                       ; Actively check the host every 5 minutesretry_interval                  1                       ; Schedule host check retries at 1 minute intervalsmax_check_attempts              10                      ; Check each Linux host 10 times (max)check_command                   check-host-alive        ; Default command to check Linux hostsnotification_period             workhours               ; Linux admins hate to be woken up, so we only notify during the day; Note that the notification_period variable is being overridden from; the value that is inherited from the generic-host template!notification_interval           120                     ; Resend notifications every 2 hoursnotification_options            d,u,r                   ; Only send notifications for specific host statescontact_groups                  admins                  ; Notifications get sent to the admins by defaultregister                        0                       ; DON'T REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL HOST, JUST A TEMPLATE!
}

在services.cfg文件中简单定义了一个服务，用于测试监控主机是否能够正常被监控到：

define service{use                     local-servicehost_name               1.131,2.76service_description     check-host-alivecheck_command           check-host-alive}

现在两个配置文件写好了，然后需要在nagios.cfg（nagios.cfg文件在nagios目录下的etc下）文件中添加对这两个文件的引用，只需要添加以下两行：

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfgcfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg

至此，对远端linux主机的简单监控就完成了，重启nagios以后可以看到两台linux主机已经up：

如果想要监控远端主机的多个服务，当然还是要装linux插件的，以远端主机1.131为例，安装nagios插件和nrpe，依然是去nagios官网下载，先增加nagios用户，之后获取nagios插件包和nrpe包，解压后安装：

useradd nagioswget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/NagiosEnterprises/nrpe/releases/download/nrpe-3.2.1/nrpe-3.2.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nrpe-3.2.1.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-2.2.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios
make
make all
make installchown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios
chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/libexeccd nrpe-3.2.1/
./configure --prefix=/user/local/nagios
make all
make install

然后，修改一下配置文件，允许监控主机的监控，需要修改的是/usr/local/nagios/etc目录下的nrpe.cfg文件：

allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.200.1.121

这里，只需要在allowed_hosts后加上监控主机的ip就可以了，然后开启nrpe服务，确认端口开启以后去监控主机上测试一下：

/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
[root@nagios-b etc]# netstat -tunlp | grep nrpe
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5666            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      12545/nrpe
tcp6       0      0 :::5666                 :::*                    LISTEN      12545/nrpe     可以看到，端口已经在被监听了，下面去监控主机上测试一下：[root@nagios-a ~]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.200.1.131
NRPE v3.2.1正常显示了NRPE的版本

之后可以配置被监控主机的其他服务了，修改监控主机的/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects下的services.cfg，比如修改成这样：

define service{use                     local-servicehost_name               1.131service_description     check-host-alivecheck_command           check-host-alive}define service {use                     local-servicehost_name               1.131service_description     PINGcheck_command           check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}# Define a service to check the disk space of the root partition
# on the local machine.  Warning if < 20% free, critical if
# < 10% free space on partition.define service {use                     local-servicehost_name               1.131service_description     Root Partitioncheck_command           check_local_disk!20%!10%!/
}# Define a service to check the number of currently logged in
# users on the local machine.  Warning if > 20 users, critical
# if > 50 users.define service {use                     local-servicehost_name               1.131service_description     Current Userscheck_command           check_local_users!20!50
}# Define a service to check the number of currently running procs
# on the local machine.  Warning if > 250 processes, critical if
# > 400 processes.define service {use                     local-servicehost_name               1.131service_description     Total Processescheck_command           check_local_procs!250!400!RSZDT
}# Define a service to check the load on the local machine.define service {use                     local-servicehost_name               1.131service_description     Current Loadcheck_command           check_local_load!5.0,4.0,3.0!10.0,6.0,4.0
}# Define a service to check the swap usage the local machine.
# Critical if less than 10% of swap is free, warning if less than 20% is freedefine service {use                     local-servicehost_name               1.131service_description     Swap Usagecheck_command           check_local_swap!20%!10%
}# Define a service to check SSH on the local machine.
# Disable notifications for this service by default, as not all users may have SSH enabled.define service {use                     local-servicehost_name               1.131service_description     SSHcheck_command           check_sshnotifications_enabled   0
}

之后检查一下配置文件有没有错误：

/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
Nagios Core 4.4.3
Copyright (c) 2009-present Nagios Core Development Team and Community Contributors
Copyright (c) 1999-2009 Ethan Galstad
Last Modified: 2019-01-15
License: GPLWebsite: https://www.nagios.org
Reading configuration data...Read main config file okay...Read object config files okay...Running pre-flight check on configuration data...Checking objects...Checked 20 services.Checked 4 hosts.Checked 3 host groups.Checked 0 service groups.Checked 1 contacts.Checked 1 contact groups.Checked 24 commands.Checked 5 time periods.Checked 0 host escalations.Checked 0 service escalations.
Checking for circular paths...Checked 4 hostsChecked 0 service dependenciesChecked 0 host dependenciesChecked 5 timeperiods
Checking global event handlers...
Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands...
Checking misc settings...Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors:   0Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check

如图输出证明没有问题，之后放心的重启nagios就好了

可以看到这些服务都可以正常监控了呢！

到这里配置已经完成了，还可以设置一个邮件报警的功能，这个功能的配置是在contacts.cfg这个配置文件中配置的，内容如下：

define contact {contact_name            xiaobai                 ; Short name of useruse                     generic-contact         ; Inherit default values from generic-contact template (defined above)alias                   Nagios Admin            ; Full name of useremail                   *****@***.com           ;<<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS ******
}###############################################################################
#
# CONTACT GROUPS
#
################################################################################ We only have one contact in this simple configuration file, so there is
# no need to create more than one contact group.define contactgroup {contactgroup_name       adminsalias                   Nagios Administratorsmembers                 xiaobai
}

在email出配置上你的地址，就可以收到邮箱报警啦！

至此，对我来说nagios的配置已经全部完成啦！

以上。

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