pycharm入门学习引导

本文档源自PyCharm2022.1.1版本

内容为学习PyCharm的IDE功能

pycharm入门学习引导

入门引导

熟悉Pycharm编辑编辑

编辑器基础知识

上下文操作

搜索操作

扩大和缩小代码选取

注释行

复制和删除行

移动代码段

收起

环绕和解开

多选

代码补全

基本补全

选项卡补全

后缀补全

类型匹配补全

F-string补全

重构

重构菜单

重命名

提取变量

提取方法

快速修复重构

就地重构

代码辅助

恢复移除的代码

代码格式

形参信息

快速弹出窗口

编辑器编码辅助

导航

随处搜索

在文件中查找并替换

声名和用法

文件结构

入门引导

PyCharm 中的主要功能概述（代码中的#为光标初始位置，或提示选中位置）

熟悉Pycharm

def find_average(values):result = 0for v in values:result += vreturn resultprint("AVERAGE", find_average([5,6, 7, 8]))

编辑器基础知识

使用智能快捷键添加、删除、选择、移动和复制代码。

上下文操作

def method_with_unused_parameter(used, #redundant):print("It is used parameter: " + str(used))def intention_example(a, b):if not (a and b):return 1return 2method_with_unused_parameter("first", "second")
method_with_unused_parameter("used", "unused")
intention_example(True, False)

搜索操作

#print('Hello!' '\n' 'Press Ctrl + Shift + A')

扩大和缩小代码选取

def some_method(first, second, third):print(first, second, third)def example_method(condition):if condition:print("Begin of the work")some_method("first string", "This is a long string th#at you can select for refactoring", "third string")print("End of the work")print("The end")

注释行

#for i in range(5):print(i)primes = [2, 3, 5, 7]for prime in primes:print(prime)

复制和删除行

import mathdef demo(a, b, c):return_type_of_sqrt = math.sqrt(b ** 2 - 4 * a * c)root1 = (-b + return_type_of_sqrt) / (2 * a)root2 = (-b - return_type_of_sqrt) / (2 * a)#print(root1, root2)

移动代码段

class Car:def __init__(self, speed=0):self.speed = speedself.odometer = 0self.time = 0def say_state(self):print("I'm going {} kph!".format(self.speed))def accelerate(self):#print("I will be vary fast!")self.speed += 5

收起

import math
import sysdef demo(a, b, c):n = float(sys.argv[1])d = b ** 2 - n * a * cif d > 0:disc = math.sqrt(d)root1 = (-b + disc) / (2 * a)root2 = (-b - disc) / (2 * a)return root1, root2elif d == 0:return -b / (2 * a)else:return "This equation has no roots"class Solver:class Roots:passpassclass Roots:passif __name__ == '__main__':solver = Solver()a = int(input("a: "))b = int(input("b: "))c = int(input("c: "))result = demo(a, b, c)print(result)
#

环绕和解开

def surround_and_unwrap_demo(debug):if debug:print("Surround and Unwrap me!")

多选

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Multiple selections</title></head><body><table><tr><#th>Firstname</th><th>Lastname</th><th>Points</th></tr><tr><td>Eve</td><td>Jackson</td><td>94</td></tr></table></body>
</html>

代码补全

让IDE补全您的代码。尝试基本、智能和其他类型的补全。

基本补全

movies_dict = {'title': 'Aviator','year': '2005','demo': False,'director': 'Martin Scorsese','distributor': 'Miramax Films'
}def director():return movies_dict[#]

选项卡补全

class Calculator:def __init__(self):self.current = 0self.total = 0def add(self, amount):self.current += amountdef get_current(self):return self.#current

后缀补全

movies_dict = {'title': 'Aviator','year': '2005','director': 'Martin Scorsese','distributor': 'Miramax Films'
}movies_dict.get('year')#

类型匹配补全

def f(x, file):x.append(file)x.rem#

F-string补全

import sysclass Car:def __init__(self, speed=0):self.speed = speedself.odometer = 0self.time = 0def say_state(self):print("I'm going kph!".format(self.speed))def accelerate(self):self.speed += 5def brake(self):self.speed -= 5def step(self):self.odometer += self.speedself.time += 1def average_speed(self):return self.odometer / self.time
if __name__ == '__main__':my_car_show_distance = sys.argv[1]my_car = Car()print("I'm a car!")while True:action = input("What should I do? [A]ccelerate, [B]rake, ""show [O]dometer, or show average [S]peed?").upper()if action not in "ABOS" or len(action) != 1:print("I don't know how to do that")if my_car_show_distance == "yes":print("The car has driven # kilometers")

重构

通过重命名、提取和其他类型的重构保持代码整洁。

重构菜单

# Need to think about better sample!
import randomdef foo(x):print(x + random#)

重命名

class Championship:def __init__(self):self.teams = 0def matches_count(self):return self.teams * (self.teams - 1) / 2def add_new_team(self):self.teams += 1def team_matches(champ):champ.teams() - 1class Company:def __init__(self, t):self.teams = tdef company_members(company):map(lambda team : team.name, company.teams)def teams():return 16c = Championship()c.teams# = teams()print(c.teams)

提取变量

def bubble_sort(arr):n = len(arr)for j in range(n):for i in range(0, n - j - 1):if arr[i] > arr[i + 1] : #光标选中i+1arr[i], arr[i + 1] = arr[i + 1], arr[i]

提取方法

def cocktail_sort(a):n = len(a)swapped = Truestart = 0end = n - 1while swapped:swapped = Falsefor i in range(start, end):if a[i] > a[i + 1]:a[i], a[i + 1] = a[i + 1], a[i]#选中整行swapped = Trueif not swapped:breakswapped = Falseend = end - 1for i in range(end - 1, start - 1, -1):if a[i] > a[i + 1]:a[i], a[i + 1] = a[i + 1], a[i]swapped = Truestart = start + 1

快速修复重构

def foo(x):print("Hello ", x)y = 20
foo(10#)
foo(30)

就地重构

def fibonacci(stop):first = 0s# = 1while s < stop:print(s)first, s = s, first + sn = int(input("n = "))
fibonacci(n)

代码辅助

了解如何设置代码格式、获得形参信息和预览快速弹出窗口。

恢复移除的代码

cat:name: Pelmengender: malebreed: sphinxfur_type: hairlessfur_pattern: solidfur_colors: [ white ]tail_length: longeyes_colors: [ green ]favourite_things:- three plaids- pile of clothes- castle of boxes- toys scattered all over the placebehavior:
#选中以下5行- play:                   condition: boringactions:- bring one of the favourite toys to the human- run all over the house- eat:condition: want to eatactions:- shout to the whole house- sharpen claws by the sofa- wake up a human in the middle of the night

代码格式

import sys
import mathclass CodeFormatDemo:a_const = 10000b_const = 500
#选中以下两行def calc_and_print(self):print(self.a_const * self.b_const)def calc_many_times(self):for i in range(100):self.calc_and_print()

形参信息


class Frame:width = 0height = 0def __init__(self):passdef set_size(self, width, height):self.width = widthself.height = heightframe = Frame()
frame.set_size(#)

快速弹出窗口


def print_three_times(value):"""Prints given value three times"""for i in range(0, 3):print(str(value))print_three_times(123)
print_three_times(1)
print_three_times('Hello!')

编辑器编码辅助

#import randomclass Cat:happiness = math.exp(3)def say_meow(self):print("meow")def eat(self):self.happiness += random.randint(5, 20)cat = Cat()
cat.say_meow("meow")
cat.eat()

from quadratic_equations_solver import QuadraticEquationsSolverprint("Enter 3 coefficients of full quadratic equation: ")
a, b, c = list(map(float, input().split()))
if a == 0 or b == 0 or c == 0:print("Any of coefficients is zero. It is not full quadratic equation.")
else:solver = QuadraticEquationsSolver()d = solver.discriminant(a, b, c)print("Discriminant of this equation is {.3f}".format(d))print("Solution is:")solver.solve(a, b, c)

在文件中查找并替换

from warehouse import Warehousewarehouse = Warehouse()
warehouse.add_fruits('peach', 3)
warehouse.add_fruits('pineapple', 5)
warehouse.add_fruits('mango', 1)
warehouse.add_fruits('apple', 5)result = warehouse.take_fruit('apple')
if result:print('This apple was delicious!')warehouse.print_all_fruits()

声名和用法

from quadratic_equations_solver import QuadraticEquationsSolverprint("Enter 3 coefficients of full quadratic equation: ")
a, b, c = list(map(float, input().split()))
if a == 0 or b == 0 or c == 0:print("Any of coefficients is zero. It is not full quadratic equation.")
else:solver = QuadraticEquationsSolver()d = solver.discr#iminant(a, b, c)print("Discriminant of this equation is {.3f}".format(d))print("Solution is:")solver.solve(a, b, c)

文件结构

quadratic_str = "quadratic"
quad = "quad"class FileStructureDemo:def __init__(self):passdef hello_world(self):print("Hello world!")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def welcome(self):print("JetBrains is aiming to create the best IDEs in the world!")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def print_hippogryph(self):print("Hippogryph! Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def hospital_information(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def print_home_design(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def print_homo_neanderthalensis(self):print("Homo Neanderthalensis is a parallel evolution branch of humans.")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def print_homo_sapiens(self):print("Homo Sapiens is a biological name of modern humans.")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def print_homo_erectus(self):print("Homo Erectus is most likely the ancestor of modern humans.")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def print_sapphire(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def phone_description(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def foo(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def boo(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)# A lot of code can be inside methods :)def animal(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def parrot(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def plain(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def air(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def aim(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def book(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def bank(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def boring(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def car(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def cancel(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def zoo(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def zero(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def first(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def second(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def direction(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def director(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")class AnotherClass:def __init__(self):passdef another_method_1(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def another_method_2(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")def homo_history(self):print("Just another method to illustrate fast file structure search :)")

运行并调试
试运行配置

def find_average(value):check_input(value)result = 0for s in value:result += validate_number(extract_number(remove_quotes(s)))return result / len(value)def prepare_values():return ["'apple 1'", "orange 2", "'tomato 3'"]def extract_number(s):return int(s.split()[0])def check_input(value):if (value is None) or (len(value) == 0):raise ValueError(value)def remove_quotes(s):if len(s) > 1 and s[0] == "'" and s[-1] == "'":return s[1:-1]return sdef validate_number(number):if number < 0:raise ValueError(number)return numberaverage = find_average(prepare_values())
print("The average is ", average)

调试工作流

def find_average(value):check_input(value)result = 0for s in value:result += validate_number(extract_number(remove_quotes(s)))#1.在此行设置断点return result / len(value)def prepare_values():return ["'apple 1'", "orange 2", "'tomato 3'"]def extract_number(s):return int(s.split()[0])def check_input(value):if (value is None) or (len(value) == 0):raise ValueError(value)def remove_quotes(s):if len(s) > 1 and s[0] == "'" and s[-1] == "'":return s[1:-1]return sdef validate_number(number):if number < 0:raise ValueError(number)return numberaverage = find_average(prepare_values())
print("The average is ", average)

GIT

学习如何在IDE中使用Git集成

快速入门

cat:name: Puss in bootsgender: malebreed: scottish foldpersonality_type: outgoingnessfur_type: short hairedfur_pattern: tabbyfur_colors: [ red, white ]tail_length: longeyes_colors: [ green ]eyes_number: 2ear_number: 2paws_number: 4favourite_things:- boots- sharp sword- awesome hat- black cloakbehavior:- be_cute:condition: wants everyone to come to tendernessactions:- make pretty eyes

项目历史记录

cat:name: Pelmengender: malebreed: sphinxpersonality_type: dominant# long haired, short haired or hairlessfur_type: hairless# solid, tabby or multi-colorfur_pattern: solidfur_colors: [ white ]tail_length: longeyes_colors: [ green ]eyes_number: 2ear_number: 2paws_number: 4favourite_things:- three plaids- pile of clothes- castle of boxes- toys scattered all over the placebehavior:- play:condition: boringactions:- bring one of the favourite toys to the human- run all over the house- eat:condition: want to eatactions:- shout to the whole house- sharpen claws by the sofa- wake up a human in the middle of the night- sleep:condition: want to sleepaction:- bury himself in a human's blanket- bury himself in a favourite plaid

提交

cat:name: Puss in bootsgender: malebreed: scottish foldpersonality_type: outgoingnessfur_type: short hairedfur_pattern: tabbyfur_colors: [ red, white ]tail_length: longeyes_colors: [ green ]eyes_number: 2ear_number: 2paws_number: 4favourite_things:- boots- sharp sword- awesome hat- black cloakbehavior:- be_cute:condition: wants everyone to come to tendernessactions:- make pretty eyes- play:condition: boringactions: [ run after mice or own tail ]

功能分支工作流

cat:name: Oreshekgender: malebreed: mongrelpersonality_type: skittishness# long haired, short haired or hairlessfur_type: short haired# solid, tabby or multi-colorfur_pattern: solidfur_colors: [ black ]tail_length: shorteyes_colors: [ yellow ]eyes_number: 2ear_number: 2paws_number: 4favourite_things:- bunch of candy wrappers- tennis ball- plush mouse- cardboard boxbehavior:- eat:condition: want to eatactions: [quietly ask for food]- sleep:condition: want to sleepactions: [find any place and lie down]

互动式变基

cat:name: Marsygender: femalebreed: martian longhairpersonality_type: impulsivenessfur_type: long hairedfur_pattern: solidfur_colors: [ red ]tail_length: shorteyes_colors: [ red, blue ]eyes_number: 2ears_number: 4paws_number: 4favourite_things:- marsian flowers- two rovers- crumpled Tesla roadsterbehavior:- drive:condition: boringactions:- put stones on the pedals of Tesla roadster- steer standing on hind paws- communicate:condition: want to speak with someoneactions:- turn on one of the rovers- meow "Hmeowston, are meow hmeowing meo?"

变更列表和搁置

cat:name: Marsygender: femalebreed: martian longhairpersonality_type: impulsivenessfur_type: long haired  # debug: check another types (short haired, hairless)#标记此行fur_pattern: solidfur_colors: [ red ]tail_length: shorteyes_colors: [ red, blue ]eyes_number: 2ears_number: 4paws_number: 4favourite_things:-marsian flowers- two rovers- crumpled Tesla roadsterbehavior:- drive:condition: boringactions:- put stones on the pedals- steer standing on hind paws- communicate:condition: want to speak with someoneactions:- turn on one of the rovers- meow "Hmeowston, are meow hmeowing meo?"- eat:condition: hungryactions: [ fry self-grown potatoes ]

使用Git追溯注解

cat:name: Marsygender: femalebreed: martian longhairpersonality_type: impulsivenessfur_type: long hairedfur_pattern: solidfur_colors: [ red ]tail_length: shorteyes_colors: [ red, blue ]eyes_number: 2ears_number: 4paws_number: 4favourite_things:-marsian flowers- two rovers- crumpled Tesla roadsterbehavior:- drive:condition: boringactions:- put stones on the pedals- steer standing on hind paws- communicate:condition: want to speak with someoneactions:- turn on one of the rovers- meow "Hmeowston, are meow hmeowing meo?"

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PyCharmLearningProject学习基础

pycharm入门学习引导

入门引导

熟悉Pycharm

编辑器基础知识

上下文操作

搜索操作

扩大和缩小代码选取

注释行

复制和删除行

移动代码段

收起

环绕和解开

多选

代码补全

基本补全

选项卡补全

后缀补全

类型匹配补全

F-string补全

重构

重构菜单

重命名

提取变量

提取方法

快速修复重构

就地重构

代码辅助

恢复移除的代码

代码格式

形参信息

快速弹出窗口

编辑器编码辅助

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