第一步：下载pubmed文章

以下是pubmed文献数据库的网址，
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

文章结构如下：

<PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25534978</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2016</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>15</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1744-8409</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Jan</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Expert review of clinical immunology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Expert Rev Clin Immunol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Autoimmune disease in the epigenetic era: how has epigenetics changed our understanding of disease and how can we expect the field to evolve?</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>45-58</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1586/1744666X.2015.994507</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Autoimmune diseases are complex and enigmatic, and have presented particular challenges to researchers seeking to define their etiology and explain progression. Previous studies have implicated epigenetic influences in the development of autoimmunity. Epigenetics describes changes in gene expression related to environmental influences without alterations in the underlying genomic sequence, generally classified into three main groups: cytosine genomic DNA methylation, modification of various sidechain positions of histone proteins and noncoding RNAs feedback. The purpose of this article is to review the most relevant literature describing alterations of epigenetic marks in the development and progression of four common autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis and Sjögren's syndrome. The contribution of DNA methylation, histone modification and noncoding RNA for each of these disorders is discussed, including examples both of candidate gene studies and larger epigenomics surveys, and in various tissue types important for the pathogenesis of each. The future of the field is speculated briefly, as is the possibility of therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenome. </AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jeffries</LastName><ForeName>Matlock A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sawalha</LastName><ForeName>Amr H</ForeName><Initials>AH</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 AI097134</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01AI097134</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Expert Rev Clin Immunol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101271248</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1744-666X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006657">Histones</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D022661">RNA, Untranslated</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Eur J Immunol. 2007 May;37(5):1407-13</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17429846</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nature. 2007 May 24;447(7143):396-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17522671</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2011 May;63(5):1376-86</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21538319</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2011 May;63(5):1452-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21538322</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Epigenetics. 2011 May;6(5):593-601</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21436623</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Eur J Immunol. 2011 Jul;41(7):2029-39</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21469088</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Blood. 2011 Aug 11;118(6):1472-80</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21613261</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Cell Cycle. 2011 Aug 15;10(16):2662-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21811096</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Genes Immun. 2011 Dec;12(8):643-52</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21753787</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Transl Med. 2011;9:192</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22060015</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28104</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22140515</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Immunol. 2012 Apr;143(1):39-44</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22306512</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 2010 Mar 1;184(5):2718-28</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20100935</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Genes Immun. 2010 Mar;11(2):124-33</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19710693</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2010 May;62(5):1438-47</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20131288</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Autoimmun. 2010 Aug;35(1):58-69</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20223637</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 2010 Jun 15;184(12):6773-81</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20483747</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Jun;62(6):1733-43</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20201077</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2010 Aug;39(1):78-84</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19662539</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:931018</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20589076</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(3):R81</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20459811</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Cancer. 2010 Sep 1;116(17):4043-53</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20564122</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Dermatol Sci. 2010 Sep;59(3):198-203</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20724115</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 26;288(30):21936-44</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23775084</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS Genet. 2013;9(8):e1003678</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23950730</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Immunol. 2013 Oct;149(1):46-54</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23891737</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 2012 Apr 15;188(8):3567-71</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22422882</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Ann Rheum Dis. 2000 Jun;59(6):455-61</RefSource><PMID Version="1">10834863</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2000 Dec;43(12):2634-47</RefSource><PMID Version="1">11145021</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2000 Dec;43(12):2807-17</RefSource><PMID Version="1">11145040</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2002 May;46(5):1282-91</RefSource><PMID Version="1">12115234</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jul;64(7):2338-45</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22231486</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Genes Immun. 2012 Jul;13(5):388-98</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22495533</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Sep;51(9):1550-6</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22661558</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Sep;64(9):2964-74</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22549474</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Immunol. 2012 Oct;145(1):13-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22889643</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Jan;72(1):110-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22736089</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 2013 Feb 1;190(3):1297-303</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23277489</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Feb;65(2):481-91</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23045159</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Genet. 2013 Feb;45(2):124-30</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23263488</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Biotechnol. 2013 Feb;31(2):142-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23334450</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Apr;72(4):614-20</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22915621</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Autoimmun. 2013 Mar;41:6-16</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23306098</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Autoimmun. 2013 Mar;41:168-74</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23428850</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Autoimmun. 2013 Mar;41:175-81</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23478041</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Autoimmun. 2013 Jun;43:78-84</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23623029</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Immunol. 2013 Aug;33(6):1100-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23657402</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Immunol. 2013 Aug;148(2):254-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23773924</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>FEBS Lett. 2014 Nov 17;588(22):4244-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24873878</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Curr Opin Immunol. 2014 Dec;31:16-23</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25214301</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jun;74(6):1265-74</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24562503</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Aug;74(8):1612-20</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24812288</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:307-36</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15771573</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Biol Chem. 2005 Dec 9;280(49):40749-56</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16230360</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Proteome Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;4(6):2032-42</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16335948</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Curr Dir Autoimmun. 2006;9:173-87</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16394661</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(4):R133</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20609223</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Biotechnol. 2010 Nov;46(3):243-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20563671</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mod Rheumatol. 2010 Oct;20(5):458-65</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20490598</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Genes Immun. 2010 Oct;11(7):554-60</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20463746</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Rheumatol Int. 2010 Nov;30(12):1627-33</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20049450</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 2010 Nov 15;185(10):6355-63</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20952683</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jun;64(6):1809-17</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22170508</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ther. 2012 Jun;20(6):1251-60</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22395530</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 14;278(7):4806-12</RefSource><PMID Version="1">12473678</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Eur J Immunol. 2003 Oct;33(10):2792-800</RefSource><PMID Version="1">14515263</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 2004 Mar 15;172(6):3652-61</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15004168</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Autoimmunity. 2004 Feb;37(1):57-65</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15115313</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Jun;50(6):1850-60</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15188362</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Oct;50(10):3365-76</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15476220</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 May;57(5):1394-400</RefSource><PMID Version="1">5231746</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8629-33</RefSource><PMID Version="1">2417226</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Hum Immunol. 1986 Dec;17(4):456-70</RefSource><PMID Version="1">2432050</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Nov;33(11):1665-73</RefSource><PMID Version="1">2242063</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Rheumatol. 1991 Apr;18(4):530-4</RefSource><PMID Version="1">2066944</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 1991 Sep 1;147(5):1477-83</RefSource><PMID Version="1">1715359</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Chromatogr. 1991 May 31;566(2):481-91</RefSource><PMID Version="1">1939459</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Invest. 1993 Jul;92(1):38-53</RefSource><PMID Version="1">7686923</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 1995 Feb 1;154(3):1470-80</RefSource><PMID Version="1">7529804</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 1995 Mar 15;154(6):3025-35</RefSource><PMID Version="1">7533191</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lupus. 1997;6(3):326-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">9296780</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Genet. 1998 Jun;19(2):187-91</RefSource><PMID Version="1">9620779</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Jan;52(1):201-11</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15641052</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Mar;64(3):481-3</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15708899</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Epigenetics. 2013 Jul;8(7):679-84</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23803967</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Autoimmun Rev. 2013 Oct;12(12):1160-5</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23860189</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013 Nov;9(11):674-86</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24100461</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Biotechnol. 2013 Dec;31(12):1137-42</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24108092</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Mar;66(3):549-59</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24574214</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jun;73(6):1232-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23698475</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Acta Histochem. 2014 Jun;116(5):891-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24657071</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Exp Immunol. 2014 Sep;177(3):641-51</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24816316</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Genome Biol. 2013;14(3):R21</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23497655</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Genome Biol. 2014;15(2):R31</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24495553</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Oct;66(10):2804-15</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24980887</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Commun. 2012;3:735</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22415826</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 2012 Apr 1;188(7):3323-31</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22379029</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Jun;56(6):1921-33</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17530637</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Aug;56(8):2755-64</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17665426</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 2007 Oct 15;179(8):5553-63</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17911642</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 2007 Nov 1;179(9):6352-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17947713</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Dec;46(12):1796-803</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18032537</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Jun;67(6):867-72</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17823201</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Genet. 2008 Jun;40(6):741-50</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18488029</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Genes Immun. 2008 Jun;9(4):368-78</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18523434</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Aug;58(8):2511-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18668569</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Nov;58(11):3562-73</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18975310</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2009 May;60(5):1519-29</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19404935</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 3;284(27):17897-901</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19342379</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Immunol. 2009 Sep;132(3):362-70</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19520616</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Rheumatol. 2009 Aug;36(8):1580-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19531758</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Immunol. 2009 Sep 1;183(5):3109-17</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19648272</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>PLoS One. 2009;4(8):e6718</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19701459</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>ISME J. 2011 Jan;5(1):82-91</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20613793</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Immunol Lett. 2011 Mar 30;135(1-2):96-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20937307</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Dermatol Sci. 2009 Oct;56(1):33-6</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19651491</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lupus. 2009 Oct;18(12):1037-44</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19762376</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nat Genet. 2009 Nov;41(11):1228-33</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19838195</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nature. 2009 Nov 19;462(7271):315-22</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19829295</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Immunol. 2009 Dec;47(2-3):511-6</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19747733</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Dec;60(12):3613-22</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19950268</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Genome Res. 2010 Feb;20(2):170-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20028698</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Scand J Rheumatol. 2009;38(5):369-74</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19444718</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Mar;54(3):779-87</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16508942</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Autoimmun. 2006 May;26(3):165-71</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16621447</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Jul;54(7):2271-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16802366</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Apr;150(7):862-72</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17325656</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Rheumatol. 2007 May;26(5):723-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17103120</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001327" MajorTopicYN="Y">Autoimmune Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019175" MajorTopicYN="N">DNA Methylation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D044127" MajorTopicYN="N">Epigenesis, Genetic</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D059647" MajorTopicYN="Y">Gene-Environment Interaction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006657" MajorTopicYN="Y">Histones</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011499" MajorTopicYN="N">Protein Processing, Post-Translational</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D022661" MajorTopicYN="Y">RNA, Untranslated</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Sjögren’s syndrome</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">autoimmune disease</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">epigenetics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">histone modification</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">methylation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">miRNA</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">rheumatoid arthritis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">systemic lupus erythematosus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">systemic sclerosis</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2015</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>22</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25534978</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1586/1744666X.2015.994507</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4636192</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="mid">NIHMS732942</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData>
</PubmedArticle>

第二步：解析文章

1、通过python中提供的xml解析工具，ElemenTree结构，Element类型是一个容器对象，主要就是在内存中存储一些结构化的数据。接下来上代码。由于老师项目的原因，要基于pubmed中的文章结构，建立全文检索数据库。所以首先是提取了以下的字段信息，代码如下：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np# 国家信息
# 存在问题：有的作者单位中的国家名称不统一，例如：美国（USA, UNITED STATES）
#         有的作者单位中没国家，只写了州
# 目前解决方法：通过查看缺失或无法识别国家信息的xml文档，添加可以识别国家信息的词到词库
import pycountry
country_name = [str.strip(str.split(i.name.upper(), ",")[0])for i in list(pycountry.countries)
]# 美国和英国有多种表示方式
# 添加已找到的一些国家或省份信息
country_name.extend(["USA", "UK.", "UK ", "LONDON", "São Paulo", "IRAN", "México", "Birmingham","Chicago", "Deutschland", "Tokyo", "Nagoya ", "España", "serbia", "paris","pennsylvania", "birmingham", "chicago", "nagoya", "España","Belo Horizonte", "CHINESE","San Pietro Vernotico"
])
country_name = [i.upper() for i in country_name]# 整合用于识别同一个国家的多种代表性词
# 例如：整合USA, UNITED STATES 为 USA
def CombineCountry(CountryInfo):usa = ["USA", "UNITED STATES", "CHICAGO", "BIRMINGHAM", "PENNSYLVANIA","BIRMINGHAM"]uk = ["UK.", "UK ", "UNITED KINGDOM", "LONDON"]germany = ["GERMANY", "DEUTSCHLAND"]mexico = ["MÉXICO", "MEXICO"]japan = ["JAPAN", "TOKYO", "NAGOYA"]barzil = ["BRAZIL", "SÃO PAULO", "BELO HORIZONTE"]france = ["FRANCE", "PARIS"]spain = ["SPAIN", "ESPAÑA"]china = ["CHINA", "HONG KONG", "MACAO", "CHINESE", "TAIWAN"]italy=["ITALY","SAN PIETRO VERNOTICO"]CountryInfo_arr = []for i in np.arange(len(CountryInfo)):if CountryInfo[i] in usa:CountryInfo_arr.append("USA")continueelif CountryInfo[i] in uk:CountryInfo_arr.append("UK")continueelif CountryInfo[i] in germany:CountryInfo_arr.append("GERMANY")continueelif CountryInfo[i] in mexico:CountryInfo_arr.append("MEXICO")continueelif CountryInfo[i] in japan:CountryInfo_arr.append("JAPAN")continueelif CountryInfo[i] in barzil:CountryInfo_arr.append("BRAZIL")continueelif CountryInfo[i] in france:CountryInfo_arr.append("FRANCE")continueelif CountryInfo[i] in spain:CountryInfo_arr.append("SPAIN")continueelif CountryInfo[i] in china:CountryInfo_arr.append("CHINA")continueelif CountryInfo[i] in italy:CountryInfo_arr.append("ITALY")continueCountryInfo_arr.append(CountryInfo[i])return (CountryInfo_arr)# 用于识别单位
def IdentifyInstitute(authorAff):# 用于识别机构的词库，有的无法识别时需要更新词库org=["UNIVERSITY","COMPANY","INSTITUTET","COLLEGE","ACADEMY"]# 用“，”分割单位信息，再用org词库去识别机构string_list=[str.strip(i.upper()) for i in str.split(authorAff,",")]author_institutet=""for i in string_list:for j in org:if j in i:author_institutet=ibreakif author_institutet!="":breakreturn(author_institutet)# 识别一作的国别,机构
def FirstAuthorCountry(Affiliation,country_name):firstAuthorCountry = []firstAuthorInstitute=[]# 提取第一作者单位信息# count = 0for i in Affiliation:# count += 1# print(count)firstAuthorCountry_temp = ""firstAuthorInstitute_temp=""if i != [] and i[0] != []:# 一作单位信息firstAuthorAff = i[0][0].upper()firstAuthorInstitute_temp=IdentifyInstitute(firstAuthorAff)# 匹配国家for j in country_name:if j in firstAuthorAff:firstAuthorCountry_temp = jbreakfirstAuthorCountry.append(firstAuthorCountry_temp)firstAuthorCountry=CombineCountry(firstAuthorCountry)firstAuthorInstitute.append(firstAuthorInstitute_temp)return ([firstAuthorCountry,firstAuthorInstitute])# 根据email地址识别通讯作者
# 匹配邮箱地址,如果多个作者单位信息包含邮箱地址，则返回最后一位，
# 如果没有作者单位信息包含邮箱地址，也返回最后一位作者为通讯作者
import re
def IdentifyContactIndex(Affiliation,country_name):# 匹配邮箱地址正则表达式pattern = re.compile(r'\S+@\S+')# 保存通讯作者的下标contect_index_arr = []# count = 0for i in Affiliation:# count += 1# print(count, "\n")# 每篇论文所有作者单位信息contect_index_temp = []author_index = 0# flag=1表示存在作者单位包含邮箱，如果都不包含邮箱，则最后一位作者为通讯作者flag = 0# 每个作者单位信息for j in i:# 有的作者挂了多个单位，如果单位地址包含邮箱则返回作者下标for k in j:if len(pattern.findall(k)) > 0:contect_index_temp.append(author_index)flag = 1breakauthor_index += 1if flag == 0:contect_index_arr.append(len(i) - 1)else:# 存在多个作者有邮箱地址，取最后一位作者为通讯作者contect_index_arr.append(contect_index_temp[-1])return (contect_index_arr)# 通讯作者国别
def ContectAuthorCountry(Affiliation,country_name):contectAuthorIndex = IdentifyContactIndex(Affiliation,country_name)# # 取存在邮箱地址最后一位作者为通讯作者，一般都是最后一位为通讯作者# connAuthorIndex=[i[-1] for i in connAuthorIndex]contectAuthorCountry = []contectAuthorInstitute=[]# 提取第一作者单位信息# count = 0for (i, j) in zip(Affiliation, contectAuthorIndex):# count += 1# print(count)contectAuthorCountry_temp = ""contectAuthorInstitute_temp=""if i != [] and i[j] != []:contectAuthorAff = i[j][0].upper()contectAuthorInstitute_temp=IdentifyInstitute(contectAuthorAff)# 匹配国家for k in country_name:if k in contectAuthorAff:contectAuthorCountry_temp = kbreakcontectAuthorCountry.append(contectAuthorCountry_temp)contectAuthorCountry=CombineCountry(contectAuthorCountry)contectAuthorInstitute.append(contectAuthorInstitute_temp)return ([contectAuthorCountry,contectAuthorInstitute])# 识别每个作者的国别，用于生成合作关系图
def EachAuthorCountry(Affiliation,country_name):authorCountry_arr = []# count = 0for i in Affiliation:# count += 1# print(count)authorCountry = []if i != []:# 遍历作者单位信息for j in i:if j==[]:continueauthorAff = j[0].upper()# 匹配国家authorCountry_temp = ""for k in country_name:if k in authorAff:authorCountry_temp = kbreakif authorCountry_temp!="":authorCountry.append(authorCountry_temp)authorCountry_arr.append(authorCountry)# 国家名规范化authorCountry_std = []for country in authorCountry_arr:authorCountry_std.append(CombineCountry(country))return (authorCountry_std)# 作者国别合作连线
from itertools import combinations
# def CountryLink(Affiliation,country_name):
#     authorCountry=EachAuthorCountry(Affiliation,country_name)
#     countryLink = []
#     for i in authorCountry:
#         if len(np.unique(i)) > 1:
#             countryLink.extend(list(combinations(np.unique(i), r=2)))
#     countryLink=[[i[0],i[1]] for i in countryLink]
#     countryLink=pd.DataFrame(countryLink)
#     # countryLink.to_csv("countryLink.csv")
#     return (countryLink)def CountryLink(EachAuthorCountryInfo):countryLink = []for i in EachAuthorCountryInfo:if len(np.unique(i)) > 1:countryLink.extend(list(combinations(np.unique(i), r=2)))countryLink=[[i[0],i[1]] for i in countryLink]countryLink=pd.DataFrame(countryLink)countryLink.to_csv("CountryLink.csv")return (countryLink)
# 论文的所有作者的国别拼接成字符串
def read_xml(path):tree = ET.parse(path)all = tree.findall("./")book = tree.findall("PubmedBookArticle")art = tree.findall("PubmedArticle")print("the numbers of article: ", len(art), "\n")print("the numbers of book: ", len(book), "\n")print("the numbers of all iterms: ", len(all), "\n")# 2018影响因子if2018=pd.read_csv("IF2018.csv").valuespmid_arr = []articleTitle_arr = []articleAbstract_arr = []pubData_arr = []MESH_majorTerms_arr = []MESH_allTerms_arr = []jornalName_arr = []jornalNameAbbr_arr = []authorNameList_arr = []authorAff_arr = []citedList_arr = []grantInfoList_arr = []if2018_arr=[]count = 0for paper in art:pmid = "None"pubData = "None"MESH_majorTerms = []MESH_allTerms = []articleTitle = "None"articleAbstract = "None"jornalName = "None"jornalNameAbbr = "None"authorNameList = []citedList = []authorAff = []temp = paper.find("MedlineCitation")pmid = temp.find("PMID").textprint(pmid)# RetractionOf=1时，文章被撤稿RetractionOf = 0# pubData 只保存了发表年，pubmed xml 文件中pubData有的只有年，有的只有年月，有的有年月日if temp.find("Article").find("Journal").find("JournalIssue").find("PubDate") != None:if temp.find("Article").find("Journal").find("JournalIssue").find("PubDate").find("Year") != None:pubData = temp.find("Article").find("Journal").find("JournalIssue").find("PubDate").find("Year").textelif temp.find("Article").find("Journal").find("JournalIssue").find("PubDate").find("MedlineDate") != None:# The date of publication of the article will be found in <MedlineDate> when parsing for the separate fields is not possible.# i.e.,<MedlineDate>1998 Dec-1999 Jan</MedlineDate>, <MedlineDate>2000 Spring</MedlineDate># from url: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/licensee/elements_descriptions.html#pubdatepubData = str.split(temp.find("Article").find("Journal").find("JournalIssue").find("PubDate").find("MedlineDate").text, " ")[0]jornalName = temp.find("Article").find("Journal").find("Title").text# article title# pmid: 26623013# <ArticleTitle><i>Tripterygium</i> glycosides inhibit inflammatory mediators in the rat synovial RSC-364 cell line stimulated with interleukin-1β.</ArticleTitle>if temp.find("Article").find("ArticleTitle") != None:if temp.find("Article").find("ArticleTitle").find("i") != None:articleTitle = temp.find("Article").find("ArticleTitle").find("i").text + temp.find("Article").find("ArticleTitle").find("i").tailelse:articleTitle = temp.find("Article").find("ArticleTitle").text# article abstract# pmid: 26623013# <AbstractText><i>Tripterygium</i> glycosides ***** </AbstractText>if temp.find("Article").find("Abstract") != None:for i in temp.find("Article").find("Abstract").findall("AbstractText"):if i.findall("./")!=[]:for j in i.findall("./"):if j.text !=None:articleAbstract+=" "+j.textif j.tail!=None:articleAbstract+=j.tailelif i.text!=None:articleAbstract += " " + i.textarticleAbstract = str.strip(articleAbstract)# 期刊名缩写，没有ISOAbbreviation时就用Titleif temp.find("Article").find("Journal").find("ISOAbbreviation") != None:jornalNameAbbr = temp.find("Article").find("Journal").find("ISOAbbreviation").textelse:jornalNameAbbr = jornalName# author name, affiliationInfoif temp.find("Article").find("AuthorList") != None:authorList = temp.find("Article").find("AuthorList").findall("Author")for i in authorList:name_temp = []if i.find("LastName") != None:name_temp.append(i.find("LastName").text)if i.find("ForeName") != None:name_temp.append(i.find("ForeName").text)if name_temp==[]:authorNameList.append(["None"])else:authorNameList.append(name_temp)authorAff = [[j.find("Affiliation").textfor j in i.findall("AffiliationInfo")] for i in authorList]# MESH termsif temp.find("MeshHeadingList") != None:for i in temp.find("MeshHeadingList").findall("MeshHeading"):# save MESH termsMESH_allTerms.append(i.find("DescriptorName").text)# save MESH major termsif i.find("DescriptorName").attrib['MajorTopicYN'] == "Y":MESH_majorTerms.append(i.find("DescriptorName").text)# QualifierName 的属性MajorTopicYN=Y,则添加DescriptorName至 major termselif i.find("QualifierName") != None:for j in i.findall("QualifierName"):if j.attrib['MajorTopicYN'] == "Y":MESH_majorTerms.append(i.find("DescriptorName").text)break                   # grantgrantInfoList = []if temp.find("Article").find("GrantList") != None:grantList = temp.find("Article").find("GrantList")count2 = 0for i in grantList.findall("Grant"):count2 += 1# print(count2, "\n")# GrantID, Agency, CountryGrantID = ""Agency = ""Country = ""if i.find("GrantID") != None:GrantID = i.find("GrantID").textif i.find("Agency") != None:Agency = i.find("Agency").textif i.find("Country") != None:Country = i.find("Country").textgrantInfoList.append([GrantID, Agency, Country])# cites# 如果CommentsCorrections，RefType=RetractionOf，代表被撤稿，去除这篇文章if temp.find("CommentsCorrectionsList") != None:commentList = temp.find("CommentsCorrectionsList").findall("CommentsCorrections")for i in commentList:# Cites lists items in the bibliography or list of references at the end of an article.if list(i.attrib.values())[0] == "RetractionOf":RetractionOf = 1breakif list(i.attrib.values())[0] != "Cites":continuecitedList.append([i.find("RefSource").text.split(".")[0],i.find("PMID").text])# citedList=[[i.find("RefSource").text.split(".")[0],i.find("PMID").text] for i in commentList]# 被撤稿，跳过if RetractionOf == 1:continueelse:count += 1print(count, "\n")pmid_arr.append(pmid)pubData_arr.append(pubData)articleTitle_arr.append(articleTitle)articleAbstract_arr.append(articleAbstract)jornalName_arr.append(jornalName)jornalNameAbbr_arr.append(jornalNameAbbr)authorNameList_arr.append(authorNameList)authorAff_arr.append(authorAff)MESH_allTerms_arr.append(MESH_allTerms)MESH_majorTerms_arr.append(MESH_majorTerms)grantInfoList_arr.append(grantInfoList)citedList_arr.append(citedList)# 添加期刊的2018影响因子if2018_jornalName_upper=[i.upper() for i in if2018[:,0]]for i in jornalName_arr:flag=0for j in np.arange(len(if2018_jornalName_upper)):if if2018_jornalName_upper[j] == i.upper():if2018_arr.append(if2018[j,1])flag=1breakelif if2018_jornalName_upper[j] in i.upper():if2018_arr.append(if2018[j,1])flag=1breakif flag==0:if2018_arr.append("None")# 识别一作、通讯作者和所有作者的国别firstAuthorCountryInstitute = FirstAuthorCountry(authorAff_arr,country_name)contectAuthorCountryInstitute = ContectAuthorCountry(authorAff_arr, country_name)eachAuthorCountry = EachAuthorCountry(authorAff_arr, country_name)#将所有作者的国别拼接成字符串eachAuthorCountry=[",".join(i) for i in eachAuthorCountry]return ([pmid_arr, jornalName_arr, pubData_arr, jornalNameAbbr_arr,articleTitle_arr, articleAbstract_arr, authorNameList_arr,authorAff_arr, MESH_allTerms_arr, MESH_majorTerms_arr,grantInfoList_arr, citedList_arr, firstAuthorCountryInstitute[0],firstAuthorCountryInstitute[1], contectAuthorCountryInstitute[0],contectAuthorCountryInstitute[1], eachAuthorCountry,if2018_arr])

解析pubmed文献数据库的xml文章结构相关推荐

XML系列之--解析电文格式的XML（二）
上一节介绍了XML的结构以及如何创建.讲到了XML可作为一种简单文本存储数据,把数据存储起来,以XML的方式进行传递.当接收到XML时,必不可少的就是对其进行解析,捞取有效数据,或者将第三方数据以节点 ...
java 解析标记语言_Java XML可扩展标记语言（eXtensible Markup Language）
一.XMl 1.1.XML简介: XML指可扩展标记语言(eXtensible Markup Language),它是一种很像HTML的标记语言.XML的设计宗旨是传输数据,焦点是数据的内容,而HTM ...
Java解析接口返回的xml数据
Java解析接口返回的xml数据前言实例前言前一段时间,博主在工作遇到了一个小问题,就是调用一个接口后,它的返回值并不是常见的JSON字符串格式,而是返回给你一个xml格式的数据,所有的 ...
Python中的XML解析错误[Et.parse(xml) ‘gbk‘ codec can‘t decode byte]分析与解决
Python中的XML解析错误[Et.parse(xml) 'gbk' codec can't decode byte]分析与解决在Python开发中,我们经常会使用XML格式的数据来进行数据传输或 ...
Java自定义生成与解析（Dom4J）XML文件
XML(Extensible Markup Language):可扩展标记语言,标准通用标记语言的子集,是一种用于标记电子文件使其具有结构性的标记语言. 应用:XML 应用于 web 开发的许多方面, ...
java 解析3层xml_java xml 解析方式汇总＃高级程序员必备技能＃
1.xml背景格式良好的(web-fromed)xml可以不需要文档类型定义(DTD),只要满足基本的xml格式规范就可以认为是格式良好的xml文档.但是格式标准,只能说明元素.标签.格式是合法的, ...
ASP.NET MVC 生成简单的 xml 权限结构
ASP.NET MVC 生成简单的 xml 权限结构当我的一个项目到尾声时,发现系统很多模块权限有遗漏.部分模块权限遗漏是由于前期开发速度太快,开发人员未先给模块加权限而后再编写该模块功能代码.当我 ...
关于《设计模式演练》系列文章结构的规范
设计模式的恰当使用可以使程序结构更灵活,易于复用和扩展.但是使用设计模式的同时会以损失性能和增加复杂度为代价.所以在使用之前要进行权衡. 为了使设计模式的学习印象深刻,更能理解应用场景与限制,将每篇文 ...
php 解析返回的xml,php解析cas返回的xml解决思路
php解析cas返回的xml 使用php进行cas验证时,对方返回这么一段xml zhangjian 于是使用php相关函数进行解析 $str = << zhangjian EOT; /* ...

解析pubmed文献数据库的xml文章结构

第一步：下载pubmed文章

第二步：解析文章

解析pubmed文献数据库的xml文章结构相关推荐

最新文章

热门文章

解析pubmed文献数据库的xml文章结构

第一步：下载pubmed文章

第二步： 解析文章

解析pubmed文献数据库的xml文章结构相关推荐

最新文章

热门文章

第二步：解析文章