Docke初始(一)

学自狂神
Docker安装

Docker的基本组成

镜像（image）：

docker镜像就好比是一个模板，可以通过这个模板来创建容器服务，tomcat镜像===>run==>toncat01容器（提供服务器），

通过这个镜像可以创建多个容器（最终服务运行或者项目运行就是在容器中）。

容器（container）：

Docker利用容器技术，独立运行一个或者一个组应用，通过镜像来创建的。

启动，停止，删除，基本命令！

目前就可以把这个容器理解为就是一个简易的Linux系统

仓库(repository）：

仓库就是存放镜像的地方！

仓库分为公有仓库和私有仓库！

Docker Hub（默认是国外的）

阿里云、腾讯云、华为云......都有容器服务器（配置镜像加速）！

安装步骤

官网：Install Docker Engine on CentOS | Docker Documentation

帮助文档：

#1、卸载旧版本
yum remove docker \docker-client \docker-client-latest \docker-common \docker-latest \docker-latest-logrotate \docker-logrotate \docker-engine
#2、需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils

#3、设置镜像的仓库yum-config-manager \--add-repo \https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #默认是国外的！#阿里云镜像
yum-config-manager \--add-repo \http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo# 更新yum软件包索引
yum makecache fast#4、安装docker docker-ce 社区版 ee 企业版
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

#5、启动docker
systemctl start docker

#6、使用docker version查看是否安装成功

#7、hello-world
docker run hello-world

#8、查看一下下载的这个hello-world镜像
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   6 months ago   13.3kB

卸载docker

#1、卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

#2、删除资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker

# /var/lib/docker docker的默认工作路径

阿里云镜像加速

1、登录阿里云找到容器与镜像服务

2、找到镜像加速地址

3、配置使用

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://yv7fgssm.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

回顾HelloWorld流程

底层原理

Docker是怎么工作的？

Docker是一个Client-Server结构的系统，Docker的守护进程运行在主机上。通过Socket从客户端访问！

DockerServer接收到Docker-Client，就会执行或者命令！

Docker为什么比VM快？

1、Docker有着比虚拟机更少的抽象层。

2、Docker利用的是宿主机的内核，VM需要的是Guest OS。

所以说，新建一个容器的时候，docker不需要像虚拟机一样重新加载一个操作系统内核，避免引导。虚拟机是加载Guest OS，分钟级别的，而docker利用的是宿主机对的操作系统，省略了这个复杂的过程，秒级。

Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info 信息 #
docker 命令 --info

帮助文档的地址：Docker run reference | Docker Documentation

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   6 months ago   13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG        镜像的标签
IMAGE ID   镜像的id
CREATED    镜像的创建时间
SIZE       镜像的大小

# 可选项
-a, --all       # 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet     # 只显示镜像的id

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                            MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12350     [OK]
mariadb                          MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4753      [OK]

# 可选项，通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000  # 搜索出来的镜像就是STAR大于3000的
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12350     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4753      [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag 默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete  # 分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址# 等价
docker pull mysql
docker pull mysql docker.io/library/mysql:latest# 指定版本下载
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists
93619dbc5b36: Already exists
99da31dd6142: Already exists
626033c43d70: Already exists
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
ac563158d721: Already exists
d2ba16033dad: Already exists
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
37f2405cae96: Pull complete
e2482e017e53: Pull complete
70deed891d42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除指定的镜像
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id    # 删除指定的镜像
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)  # 删除全部的镜像

容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux 下载一个centOS镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d            后台方式运行
-it           使用交互式方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p            指定容器的端口 -p 8080：8080-p ip:主机端口:容器端口-p 主机端口:容器端口（常用）-p 容器端口容器端口
-p      随机指定端口# 测试  启动并进入容器
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@87b2db262965 /]#
[root@87b2db262965 /]# ls      # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的！
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var# 从容器中退回主机
[root@87b2db262965 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

列出所有的运行的容器

# docker ps 命令# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-n=？ # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
87b2db262965   centos         "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             trusting_hodgkin
80c26b193d2b   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      2 hours ago     Exited (0) 2 hours ago               gracious_grothendieck
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ /]#

退出容器

exit # 直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id     # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器  强行删除-f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id      # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id     # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id        # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id        # 强制停止当前容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名！
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ /]# docker run -d centos# 问题docker ps，发现centos停了# 常见的坑：docker容器使用后台运行，就必须有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo chaoge;sleep 1;done"# [root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE
2d11711ad39a   centos   # 显示日志-tf--tail number # 要显示的日志条数
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ /]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10  2d11711ad39a

查看容器中进程信息

# 命令 docker top 容器id
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY
root                3189                3168                0                   16:22               ?
root                3238                3189                0                   16:22               ?

查看镜像的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 2d11711ad39a# 测试
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker inspect 2d11711ad39a
[{"Id": "2d11711ad39a7e042d0e4ff2ff458bcd920aab6f6e149f4c923ea148cf799025","Created": "2022-04-04T08:16:27.866845228Z","Path": "/bin/sh","Args": ["-c","while true;do echo chaoge;sleep 1;done"],"State": {"Status": "exited","Running": false,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 0,"ExitCode": 137,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2022-04-04T08:22:41.554391049Z","FinishedAt": "2022-04-04T08:25:17.909006976Z"},"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d11711ad39a7e042d0e4ff2ff458bcd920aab6f6e149f4c923ea148cf799025/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d11711ad39a7e042d0e4ff2ff458bcd920aab6f6e149f4c923ea148cf799025/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d11711ad39a7e042d0e4ff2ff458bcd920aab6f6e149f4c923ea148cf799025/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d11711ad39a7e042d0e4ff2ff458bcd920aab6f6e149f4c923ea148cf799025/2d11711ad39a7e042d0e4ff2ff458bcd920aab6f6e149f4c923ea148cf799025-json.log","Name": "/magical_burnell","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b3399c88a93d92b98c01f1acfe7b393a37d56956fdfb9f41386bfb9bb8dbf711-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6a9c5fbcc5414ac4002ed644ed01881364a407871b38e5d8e0d1a134db63637f/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b3399c88a93d92b98c01f1acfe7b393a37d56956fdfb9f41386bfb9bb8dbf711/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b3399c88a93d92b98c01f1acfe7b393a37d56956fdfb9f41386bfb9bb8dbf711/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b3399c88a93d92b98c01f1acfe7b393a37d56956fdfb9f41386bfb9bb8dbf711/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "2d11711ad39a","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/sh","-c","while true;do echo chaoge;sleep 1;done"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "94a43185af62d515a0f391954977d3996c700bfc04df6821a1ae65827672d877","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/94a43185af62","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "","Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "","IPPrefixLen": 0,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "2118b149ede8f181719cc4827755cbb9bbc0caebe7168670e913c067f9a6de55","EndpointID": "","Gateway": "","IPAddress": "","IPPrefixLen": 0,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell# 测试
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
cfc34d94ad07   centos    "/bin/bash"   22 minutes ago   Up 22 minutes             inspiring_cerf
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker exec -it cfc34d94ad07 /bin/bash
[root@cfc34d94ad07 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@cfc34d94ad07 /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 08:09 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        16     0  0 08:32 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        32    16  0 08:32 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef# 方式二
docker attach 容器id# 测试
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ ~]# docker attach cfc34d94ad07
正在执行的代码......# docker exec  # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

# 查看当前主机目录下
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ chaoge]# ls
chaoge.java
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ chaoge]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
2b484eee3d9b   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             suspicious_kirch# 进入docker容器内部
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ chaoge]# docker attach 2b484eee3d9b
[root@2b484eee3d9b /]# cd /home
[root@2b484eee3d9b /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@2b484eee3d9b /]# touch test.java
[root@2b484eee3d9b /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  test.java  tmp  usr  var
[root@2b484eee3d9b /]# exit
exit
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ chaoge]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
2b484eee3d9b   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Exited (0) 6 seconds ago             suspicious_kirch
# 将这个文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@iZuf60urtgz7708wda7blnZ chaoge]# docker cp 2b484eee3d9b:/home/test.java /home# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v卷的技术 可以实现，自动同步 /home /home

小结

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