【Oracle】搭建DataGuard

操作系统：OEL 5.6

Oracle 版本：11.2.0.4.0

DataGuard规划说明
DATABASE_ROLE	DB_NAME	IPADDR
Primary	lgr	192.168.10.5
Standby	DG	192.168.10.88

1. 主库开启归档，开启强制日志，关闭闪回，删除外部表

SYS@lgr> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257840 bytes
Variable Size             536874064 bytes
Database Buffers          289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers                6565888 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@lgr> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SYS@lgr> alter database open;

Database altered.

SYS@lgr> select force_logging from v$database;

FOR
---
NO

SYS@lgr> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

SYS@lgr> select flashback_on from v$database;

FLASHBACK_ON
------------------
NO

##xxx_external_locations 可以知道当前所有的目录对象以及相关的外部表，还会查询出这些外部表所对应的操作系统文件的名字。

##select * from all_external_locations;

##select * from user_external_locations;

##select * from dba_external_locations;

2.主库创建standby logfile

配置原则：

①standby logfile大小要和redo logfile大小相同；

②standby logfile要比redo logfile多一组，我的redo logfile是3组，所以创建4组standby logfile；

③为了安全，standby logfile可以包含多个member。

SYS@lgr> select group#,member from v$logfile;

SYS@lgr>
SYS@lgr> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 size_M from v$log;

GROUP#     SIZE_M
---------- ----------
         1         50
         2         50
         3         50

SYS@lgr> alter database add standby logfile group 4('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/sredo04.log') size 50M;

Database altered.

SYS@lgr> alter database add standby logfile group 5('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/sredo05.log') size 50M;

Database altered.

SYS@lgr> alter database add standby logfile group 6('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/sredo06.log') size 50M;

Database altered.

SYS@lgr> alter database add standby logfile group 7('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/sredo07.log') size 50M;

Database altered.

SYS@lgr>
SYS@lgr> select group#,member from v$logfile;

GROUP# MEMBER
---------- --------------------------------------------------
         3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/redo03.log
         2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/redo02.log
         1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/redo01.log
         4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/sredo04.log
         5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/sredo05.log
         6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/sredo06.log
         7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/sredo07.log

7 rows selected.
SYS@lgr>
SYS@lgr> select group#,thread#,sequence#,bytes,status from v$standby_log;

GROUP#    THREAD# SEQUENCE#      BYTES STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         4          0          0   52428800 UNASSIGNED
         5          0          0   52428800 UNASSIGNED
         6          0          0   52428800 UNASSIGNED
         7          0          0   52428800 UNASSIGNED

3.主库配置listener

---修改local_listener为默认监听
SYS@lgr> alter system set local_listener='';

System altered.

SYS@lgr> show parameter local_listener

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string

---配置listener.ora
[oracle@lgr ~]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.10.5)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
)
sid_list_listener=
(sid_list=
    (sid_desc=
      (global_dbname=lgr)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (sid_name=lgr))
   )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

4.主库配置tnsnames

[oracle@lgr ~]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
lgr =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.10.5)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = lgr)
    )
)

DG =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.10.88)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = DG)
    )
)

5.主库修改参数

5.1.生成pfile

SYS@lgr> startup
ORACLE instance started.

File created.

SYS@lgr> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@lgr>

5.2.修改参数

##参数模板可以在官方文档中查到，把其中的名称用自己的数据库名称替换即可。

[oracle@lgr ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ vi initlgr.ora
----追加如下内容----
#Primary Role Initialization Parameters
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=lgr
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(lgr,DG)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=
'LOCATION=/arch1/lgr/
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=lgr'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=DG ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DG'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30

#Standby Role Initialization Parameters
FAL_SERVER=DG
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='DG','lgr'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='DG','lgr'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

##根据参数文件创建不存在的目录
[root@lgr ~]# mkdir -p /arch1/lgr/
[root@lgr ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /arch1/lgr/

5.3.通过pfile重新生成spfile并启动数据库

SYS@lgr> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SYS@lgr>
SYS@lgr>
SYS@lgr> startup
ORACLE instance started.

6.拷贝相关文件至备库

[oracle@lgr dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ ll
total 24
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Jan 4 23:29 hc_lgr.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1487 Jan 4 23:26 initlgr.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   24 Jan 4 19:15 lkLGR
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Jan 4 19:20 orapwlgr
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Jan 4 23:29 spfilelgr.ora
[oracle@lgr dbs]$
[oracle@lgr dbs]$
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ scp initlgr.ora oracle@192.168.10.88:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initDG.ora
The authenticity of host '192.168.10.88 (192.168.10.88)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is c8:bb:ef:15:8b:1c:e0:ad:e4:3f:eb:3b:a7:17:e7:dd.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.10.88' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@192.168.10.88's password:
initlgr.ora                                   100% 1487     1.5KB/s   00:00
[oracle@lgr dbs]$
[oracle@lgr dbs]$
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ scp orapwlgr oracle@192.168.10.88:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwDG
oracle@192.168.10.88's password:
orapwlgr                                      100% 1536     1.5KB/s   00:00
[oracle@lgr dbs]$
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ scp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora oracle@192.168.10.88:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
oracle@192.168.10.88's password:
tnsnames.ora                                  100% 404     0.4KB/s   00:00
[oracle@lgr dbs]$

7.备库创建静态监听并启动监听

[oracle@DG ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/
[oracle@DG admin]$ vi listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.10.88)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
)
sid_list_listener=
(sid_list=
    (sid_desc=
      (global_dbname=DG)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (sid_name=DG))
   )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

[oracle@DG dbs]$ lsnrctl

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 04-JAN-2017 23:36:18

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> start listener
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/DG/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.10.88)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.10.88)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     listener
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                04-JAN-2017 23:36:25
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/DG/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.10.88)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "DG" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "DG", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

8.备库参数修改

8.1.修改备库pfile

##把主库名称修改为备库名称，备库名称修改为主库名称，但参数文件中的db_name要和主库名称一致。

[oracle@lgr dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@DG dbs]$ vi initDG.ora
lgr.__db_cache_size=289406976
lgr.__java_pool_size=4194304
lgr.__large_pool_size=71303168
lgr.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
lgr.__pga_aggregate_target=335544320
lgr.__sga_target=503316480
lgr.__shared_io_pool_size=0
lgr.__shared_pool_size=125829120
lgr.__streams_pool_size=0
删除以上内容，并将剩余的内容修改为DG的目录
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/DG/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DG/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='lgr'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=DGXDB)'
*.local_listener=''
*.memory_target=838860800
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DG
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(DG,lgr)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=
'LOCATION=/arch1/DG/
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DG'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=lgr ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=lgr'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30

#Standby Role Initialization Parameters
FAL_SERVER=lgr
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='lgr','DG'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='lgr','DG'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

8.2.备库按照参数文件创建目录

[oracle@DG dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/DG/adump
[oracle@DG dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG
[oracle@DG dbs]$ mkdir -p /arch1/DG/
[oracle@DG dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

8.3.备库通过pfile生成spfile并启动数据库至nomount

[oracle@DG dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 4 23:56:25 2017

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257840 bytes
Variable Size             536874064 bytes
Database Buffers          289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers                6565888 bytes
SQL>

9.使用RMAN auxiliary恢复数据库

主库为open状态，备库为nomount
监听为启动状态
[oracle@lgr ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@lgr auxiliary sys/oracle@DG

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 5 00:04:12 2017

connected to target database: LGR (DBID=1711819363)
connected to auxiliary database: LGR (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 05-JAN-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK
.....

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 05-JAN-17
Finished Duplicate Db at 05-JAN-17

RMAN>

10.备库同步数据

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTED

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

Database altered.

SQL> select database_role,open_mode from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
---------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MOUNTED

至此，DataGuard搭建完成！