微信公众号从入门到入坑

微信公众测试号使用：

1、首先创建微信测试号，通过二维码来添加测试号。添加完后可以通过二维码进入测试号。

然后设置域名才能重定向（没有设置域名的话会controller调用重定向接口的时候会失败）：

2、获取accessToken：

请求方式: GET

请求接口: https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET

3、创建自定义菜单：

请求方式：POST

请求接口: https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN

json模板：

 {"button":[{  "type":"click","name":"今日歌曲","key":"V1001_TODAY_MUSIC"},{"name":"菜单","sub_button":[{  "type":"view","name":"重定向接口","url":"http://你的域名/redirect"},//可以省略这块、这个是跳转微信小程序的一个菜单，需要关联小程序。{"type":"miniprogram","name":"wxa","url":"http://mp.weixin.qq.com","appid":"wx286b93c14bbf93aa","pagepath":"pages/lunar/index"},{"type":"click","name":"赞一下我们","key":"V1001_GOOD"}]}]}

4、服务器接口(通过这个接口来实现重定向)：

@GetMapping("/redirect")public void redirect(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {String url = WeiXinUtils.REDIRECT_URL;String appid = WeiXinUtils.APPID;//你的回调页String redirectUri = "http://你的域名/openId";url = url.replace("APPID", appid);url = url.replace("REDIRECT_URI", redirectUri);response.sendRedirect(url);
}

5、获取code以及openId：

GetMapping("/openId")public void openId(HttpServletRequest request) throws IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IOException {//首先获得code，通过code来获得openidString code = request.getParameter("code");System.out.println(code);if (code != null) {//获取openid和access_token的连接WechatEntity openid = WeiXinUtils.getOpenid(code);String templateUrl = WeiXinUtils.TemplateMessage_Url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", WeiXinUtils.getAccessToken());System.out.println("openId=" + openid);System.out.println("accessToken=" + WeiXinUtils.getAccessToken());JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();jsonObject.put("touser", "接收者的openId");  jsonObject.put("template_id", "模板id");jsonObject.put("url", "http://www.baidu.com");JSONObject data = new JSONObject();JSONObject first = new JSONObject();first.put("value", "hello");first.put("color", "#173177");JSONObject keyword1 = new JSONObject();keyword1.put("value", "hello");keyword1.put("color", "#173177");JSONObject keyword2 = new JSONObject();remark.put("value", "hello");remark.put("color", "#173177");data.put("first", first);data.put("keyword1", keyword1);data.put("remark", remark);jsonObject.put("data", data);String string = WeiXinUtils.sendPostJsonStr(templateUrl, jsonObject.toJSONString());JSONObject result = JSON.parseObject(string);int errcode = result.getIntValue("errcode");if (errcode == 0) {// 发送成功System.out.println("发送成功");} else {// 发送失败System.out.println("发送失败");}}}

6、获取模板id：

{{first.DATA}}
信息:{{keyword1.DATA}}
{{remark.DATA}}

复制以上模板消息到第5步里面的template_id

7、测试成功

8、微信工具类（只需改下appId和appSecret）

@Slf4j
public class WeiXinUtils {/*** 微信公众号的APPID和Appsecret，这个是每个微信公众号都唯一的，以后配置不同的公众号配置这里即可*/public static final String APPID = "appId";private static final String APPSECRET = "appSecret";/*** 获取access_token的URL*/private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";private static final String OPENID_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code";/*** 模板消息请求路径*/public static String TemplateMessage_Url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";public static String REDIRECT_URL =  "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=APPID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_base&state=STATE#wechat_redirect";/*** 获取Openid** @return 获取Openid*/public static WechatEntity getOpenid(String code) {//首先获得code，通过code来获得openidString url = OPENID_URL.replace("APPID", APPID).replace("APPSECRET", APPSECRET).replace("CODE", code);String openIdRequest = getRequest(url);JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(openIdRequest);return JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject, WechatEntity.class);}public static String getAccessToken() {String accessTokenUrl = ACCESS_TOKEN_URL;accessTokenUrl = accessTokenUrl.replace("APPID", APPID);accessTokenUrl = accessTokenUrl.replace("APPSECRET", APPSECRET);String accessTokenRequest = getRequest(accessTokenUrl);JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(accessTokenRequest);return jsonObject.getString("access_token");}public static String defaultEncoding = "utf-8";/*** 以jsonString形式发送HttpPost的Json请求，String形式返回响应结果** @param url* @param jsonString* @return*/public static String sendPostJsonStr(String url, String jsonString) throws IOException {if (jsonString == null || jsonString.isEmpty()) {return sendPost(url);}String resp = "";StringEntity entityStr = new StringEntity(jsonString,ContentType.create("text/plain", "UTF-8"));CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);httpPost.setEntity(entityStr);CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try {response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();resp = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");EntityUtils.consume(entity);} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {log.error(e.getMessage());} catch (IOException e) {log.error(e.getMessage());} finally {if (response != null) {try {response.close();} catch (IOException e) {log.error(e.getMessage());}}}if (resp == null || resp.equals("")) {return "";}return resp;}/*** 发送不带参数的HttpPost请求** @param url* @return*/public static String sendPost(String url) throws IOException {// 1.获得一个httpclient对象CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();// 2.生成一个post请求HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try {// 3.执行get请求并返回结果response = httpclient.execute(httppost);} catch (IOException e) {log.error(e.getMessage());}// 4.处理结果，这里将结果返回为字符串HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();String result = null;try {result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {log.error(e.getMessage());}return result;}/*** 发送http get请求** @param url 请求url* @return url返回内容*/public static String getRequest(String url) {return getRequest(url, null);}/*** 发送http get请求** @param url    请求的url* @param params 请求的参数* @return*/public static String getRequest(String url, Map<String, Object> params) {return getRequest(url, null, params);}/*** 发送http get请求** @param url        请求的url* @param headersMap 请求头* @param params     请求的参数* @return*/public static String getRequest(String url, Map<String, String> headersMap, Map<String, Object> params) {String result = null;CloseableHttpClient httpClient = buildHttpClient();try {String apiUrl = url;if (null != params && params.size() > 0) {StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();int i = 0;for (String key : params.keySet()) {if (i == 0) {param.append("?");} else {param.append("&");}param.append(key).append("=").append(params.get(key));i++;}apiUrl += param;}HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(apiUrl);if (null != headersMap && headersMap.size() > 0) {for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headersMap.entrySet()) {String key = entry.getKey();String value = entry.getValue();httpGet.addHeader(new BasicHeader(key, value));}}CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);try {HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();if (null != entity) {result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, defaultEncoding);}} finally {response.close();}} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ParseException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {httpClient.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return result;}/*** 创建httpclient** @return*/public static CloseableHttpClient buildHttpClient() {try {RegistryBuilder<ConnectionSocketFactory> builder = RegistryBuilder.create();ConnectionSocketFactory factory = new PlainConnectionSocketFactory();builder.register("http", factory);KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());SSLContext context = SSLContexts.custom().useTLS().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustStrategy() {@Overridepublic boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException {return true;}}).build();LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(context,SSLConnectionSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);builder.register("https", sslFactory);Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = builder.build();PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager manager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);ConnectionConfig connConfig = ConnectionConfig.custom().setCharset(Charset.forName(defaultEncoding)).build();SocketConfig socketConfig = SocketConfig.custom().setSoTimeout(100000).build();manager.setDefaultConnectionConfig(connConfig);manager.setDefaultSocketConfig(socketConfig);return HttpClientBuilder.create().setConnectionManager(manager).build();} catch (KeyStoreException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (KeyManagementException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;}
}

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