利用binlog进行数据库的还原

前言：在学习mysql备份的时候，深深的感受到mysql的备份还原功能没有oracle强大；比如一个很常见的恢复场景：基于时间点的恢复，oracle通过rman工具就能够很快的实现数据库的恢复，但是mysql在进行不完全恢复的时候很大的一部分要依赖于mysqlbinlog这个工具运行binlog语句来实现，本文档介绍通过mysqlbinlog实现各种场景的恢复；

一、测试环境说明：使用mysqlbinlog工具的前提需要一个数据库的完整性备份，所以需要事先对数据库做一个完整的备份，本文档通过mysqlbackup进行数据库的全备

　二、测试步骤说明：

数据库的插入准备工作

2.1 在时间点A进行一个数据库的完整备份；

2.2 在时间点B创建一个数据库BKT,并在BKT下面创建一个表JOHN，并插入5条数据；

2.3 在时间点C往表JOHN继续插入数据到10条；

数据库的恢复工作

2.4 恢复数据库到时间点A,然后检查数据库表的状态；

2.5 恢复数据库到时间点B,检查相应的系统状态；

2.6 恢复数据库到时间点C，并检查恢复的状态；

三、场景模拟测试步骤（备份恢复是一件很重要的事情）

3.1 执行数据库的全备份；

[root@mysql01 backup]# mysqlbackup --user=root --password --backup-dir=/backup backup-and-apply-log //运行数据库的完整备份

3.2 创建数据库、表并插入数据

mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

+---------------------+

| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |

+---------------------+

| 2014-11-26 17:51:27 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases; //尚未创建数据库BKT

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| john |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> Ctrl-C --

Aborted

[root@mysql02 data]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //当前的时间戳当前时间点A

+---------------------+

| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |

+---------------------+

| 2014-11-26 17:54:12 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database BKT; //创建数据库BKT

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> create table john (id varchar(32));

ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected

mysql> use bkt;

ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database \'bkt\'

mysql> use BKT;

Database changed

mysql> create table john (id varchar(32));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into john values(\'1\');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into john values(\'2\');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into john values(\'3\');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into john values(\'4\');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into john values(\'5\');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //插入5条数据后数据库的时间点B，记录该点便于数据库的恢复

+---------------------+

| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |

+---------------------+

| 2014-11-26 17:55:53 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.3 设置时间点C的测试

mysql> insert into john values(\'6\');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into john values(\'7\');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into john values(\'8\');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into john values(\'9\');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into john values(\'10\');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin.000001 | 2125 | | |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

+---------------------+

| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |

+---------------------+

| 2014-11-26 17:58:08 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.4 以上的操作完成之后，便可以执行数据库的恢复测试

[root@mysql02 data]# mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back

MySQL Enterprise Backup version 3.11.0 Linux-3.8.13-16.2.1.el6uek.x86_64-x86_64 [2014/08/26]

mysqlbackup: INFO: Starting with following command line ...

mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql

--backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back

mysqlbackup: INFO:

IMPORTANT: Please check that mysqlbackup run completes successfully.

At the end of a successful \'copy-back\' run mysqlbackup

prints \"mysqlbackup completed OK!\".

141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: MEB logfile created at /backup/meta/MEB_2014-11-26.17-59-58_copy_back.log

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Server Repository Options:

--------------------------------------------------------------------

datadir = /data/mysql

innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/

innodb_log_files_in_group = 2

innodb_log_file_size = 5242880

innodb_page_size = Null

innodb_checksum_algorithm = none

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Backup Config Options:

--------------------------------------------------------------------

datadir = /backup/datadir

innodb_data_home_dir = /backup/datadir

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

innodb_log_group_home_dir = /backup/datadir

innodb_log_files_in_group = 2

innodb_log_file_size = 5242880

innodb_page_size = 16384

innodb_checksum_algorithm = none

mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating 14 buffers each of size 16777216.

141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation starts with following threads

1 read-threads 1 write-threads

mysqlbackup: INFO: Could not find binlog index file. If this is online backup then server may not have started with --log-bin.

Hence, binlogs will not be copied for this backup. Point-In-Time-Recovery will not be possible.

141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying /backup/datadir/ibdata1.

mysqlbackup: Progress in MB: 200 400 600

141126 18:00:22 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'john\'

141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'mysql\'

141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'performance_schema\'

141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Completing the copy of all non-innodb files.

141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile0\'

141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile1\'

141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating server config files server-my.cnf and server-all.cnf in /data/mysql

141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation completed successfully.

141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Finished copying backup files to \'/data/mysql\'

mysqlbackup completed //数据库恢复完成

授权并打开数据库

[root@mysql02 data]# chmod -R 777 mysql //需要授权后才能打开

[root@mysql02 data]# cd mysql

[root@mysql02 mysql]# ll

总用量 733220

-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 305 11月 26 18:00 backup_variables.txt

-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 740294656 11月 26 18:00 ibdata1

-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile0

-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile1

drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 john

drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 mysql

drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 performance_schema

-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8488 11月 26 18:00 server-all.cnf

-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 1815 11月 26 18:00 server-my.cnf //没有BKT数据库

[root@mysql02 mysql]# service mysqld start //启动数据库

3.5 进行数据库的恢复到时间点B

[root@mysql02 mysql2]# pwd //备份的时候，需要备份binlog日志，之前的binlog目录为/data/mysql2

/data/mysql2

[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=107 --stop-position=1203 mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p //根据post的位置进行恢复，当前的pos位置为107，恢复到pos位置到1203

Enter password:

[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.

Your MySQL connection id is 3

Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| BKT |

| john |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> use BKT

Database changed

mysql> show tables;

+---------------+

| Tables_in_BKT |

+---------------+

| john |

+---------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from john;

+------+

| id |

+------+

| 1 |

| 2 |

| 3 |

| 4 |

| 5 |

+------+

5 rows in set (0.01 sec) //查看数据库恢复成功

3.6 恢复数据库到时间点C

[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-date=\"2014-11-27 09:21:56\" --stop-date=\"2014-11-27 09:22:33\" mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p123456 //本次通过基于时间点的恢复，恢复到时间点C

Warning: Using unique option prefix start-date instead of start-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.

Warning: Using unique option prefix stop-date instead of stop-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.

[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.

Your MySQL connection id is 6

Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| BKT |

| john |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use BKT

Database changed

mysql> select * from john;

+------+

| id |

+------+

| 1 |

| 2 |

| 3 |

| 4 |

| 5 |

| 6 |

| 7 |

| 8 |

| 9 |

| 10 |

+------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec) //经过检查成功恢复到时间点C

　四、mysqlbinlog的其他总结：以上是利用binlog文件进行基于时间点和binlog的POS位置恢复的测试，mysqlbinlog的使用还有很多功能，运行mysqlbinlog --help可以查看相应参数；

4.1 查看binlog的内容：[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000001

4.2 mysqlbinlog的其他常用参数：

-h 根据数据库的IP

-P 根据数据库所占用的端口来分

-server-id 根据数据库serverid来还原（在集群中很有用）

-d 根据数据库名称

例如： [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog -d BKT mysql-bin.000001 //还原BKT数据库的信息

最新内容请见作者的GitHub页：http://qaseven.github.io/

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