公有ip地址和私有ip地址

Each device on your network has a private IP address only seen by other devices on the local network. But your ISP assigns you a public IP address that other devices on the Internet can see. Here’s how that works and how you can find those IP addresses.

网络上的每个设备都有一个专用IP地址，只有本地网络上的其他设备才能看到。 但是，您的ISP会为您分配一个Internet上其他设备可以看到的公共IP地址。 这是它的工作方式以及如何找到这些IP地址。

An IP address (or Internet Protocol address) identifies each networked computer and device on a network. When you sign up with Internet service and connect your modem, your ISP assigns you a public IP address. This address is how you communicate with all the other devices out there on the public Internet. But, you’ve likely got multiple computers and other devices on your network—each of which needs its own IP address. So, how does that all work and how can you find out what all those IP addresses are? Read on for the answer!

IP地址(或Internet协议地址)标识网络上的每台联网计算机和设备。 当您注册Internet服务并连接调制解调器时，ISP将为您分配一个公共IP地址。 此地址是您与公用Internet上所有其他设备进行通信的方式。 但是，您的网络上可能有多台计算机和其他设备-每个都需要自己的IP地址。 那么，这一切如何工作，如何找出所有这些IP地址呢？ 请继续阅读以获取答案！

公用与专用IP地址 (Public vs. Private IP Addresses)

The answer to all this IP address wizardry is that your router—whether it’s a standalone device or a modem/router combo unit—essentially serves as a bridge between two networks. In a typical home network, a router has a public IP address on the Internet. The computers, smartphones, game consoles, and other devices behind the router each have a unique private IP address on the home network. The router acts as an intermediary, forwarding traffic to the local IP addresses that request it. From an outside perspective, all devices on the home network are communicating with the Internet from a single public IP address.

所有这些IP地址向导的答案是您的路由器(无论是独立设备还是调制解调器/路由器组合单元)基本上都充当了两个网络之间的桥梁。 在典型的家庭网络中，路由器在Internet上具有公共IP地址。 路由器后面的计算机，智能手机，游戏机和其他设备在家庭网络上均具有唯一的专用IP地址。 路由器充当中介，将流量转发到请求它的本地IP地址。 从外部角度来看，家庭网络上的所有设备都通过单个公共IP地址与Internet通信。

Note that if your computer is connected directly to the Internet with no router sitting in between—something we really don’t recommend—your computer’s IP address is a public IP address.

请注意，如果您的计算机直接连接到Internet，并且中间没有路由器(我们不建议这样做)，那么您计算机的IP地址就是公用IP地址。

Sometimes, you might need to know the private IP address of a device or your network’s public IP address—or maybe both. Here’s an example. Say you’re hosting some kind of server software on a computer on your network and you need people on the Internet to be able to connect to it. Maybe you’re playing a multiplayer game, maybe you need to access a home-hosted media server, or maybe you just want to get remote access to one of your PCs.

有时，您可能需要知道设备的专用IP地址或网络的公用IP地址，或者可能两者都需要。 这是一个例子。 假设您要在网络上的计算机上托管某种服务器软件，并且需要Internet上的人员才能连接到该服务器。 也许您正在玩多人游戏，也许您需要访问家用媒体服务器，或者您只想对一台PC进行访问权限 。

You’ll need to know your network’s public IP address that people can type into their client software. And you’ll need to know that computer’s private IP address so you can configure your router to direct that kind of traffic to the right computer on your local network.

您需要知道人们可以在其客户端软件中键入的网络的公共IP地址。 而且您将需要知道该计算机的专用IP地址，以便可以配置路由器以将这种流量定向到本地网络上的正确计算机。

Your computer likely has public and private IP addresses. You’ll need the IP address if you’re hosting server software – the client computers will need your computer’s IP address to connect to it.

您的计算机可能具有公用和专用IP地址。 如果您托管服务器软件，则需要IP地址-客户端计算机将需要计算机的IP地址才能与其连接。

查找您的私有IP地址 (Finding Your Private IP Address)

It’s not difficult to find a device’s private IP address. In fact, we’ve got a great guide that shows you how to find your IP address on almost every platform out there, so we recommend you take a look at that for specifics on how to find the private IP address of your particular device. In short, though, you usually need to check out the network settings on your device and look for any information labeled “TCP/IP,” “IP Address,” or just “WiFi.”

查找设备的私有IP地址并不难。 实际上，我们有一个很好的指南，向您展示了如何在几乎所有平台上找到您的IP地址 ，因此我们建议您仔细查看一下如何找到特定设备的私有IP地址。 简而言之，尽管如此，通常您需要检查设备上的网络设置，并查找标有“ TCP / IP”，“ IP地址”或“ WiFi”的所有信息。

On most full computing platforms—like Windows, MacOS, and Linux—you can often find the information quickly using the Command Prompt or Terminal. For example, in Windows, you can open the Start menu, search for Command Prompt, and press Enter. Then type ipconfig in the Command Prompt that appears and press Enter—you’ll get to what you’re looking for in no time.

在Windows，MacOS和Linux等大多数完整的计算平台上，您通常可以使用命令提示符或终端来快速找到信息。 例如，在Windows中，您可以打开“开始”菜单，搜索“命令提示符”，然后按Enter。 然后，在出现的命令提示符中键入ipconfig并按Enter键，您将立即获得所需的内容。

查找您的公共IP地址 (Finding Your Public IP Address)

The easiest way to find your public IP address is by asking a website, since that website sees your public IP address and can tell it to you. We recommend using the site ip4.me because it’s quick, ad-free, and will show your IPv4 address—the four part address you’re most likely looking for—rather than the more complicated IPv6 address that your network is likely also configured to use. Just visit the site and it will show you your public IP address.

找到您的公共IP地址的最简单方法是询问一个网站，因为该网站会看到您的公共IP地址并将其告知您。 我们建议您使用ip4.me网站，因为它快速，无广告，并且会显示您的IPv4地址(您最可能需要的四部分地址)，而不是网络也可能配置为更复杂的IPv6地址。用。 只需访问该站点，它将为您显示您的公共IP地址。

You can also access your router’s administration page to find this information. This page displays your public IP address and other information about your Internet connection. Different routers have different administration page layouts and different default local IP addresses. Consult your router’s manual or the manufacturer’s website if you need more information. And if you need it, we also have a good guide on finding your router’s IP address.

您也可以访问路由器的管理页面以查找此信息。 此页面显示您的公共IP地址和有关Internet连接的其他信息。 不同的路由器具有不同的管理页面布局和不同的默认本地IP地址。 如果需要更多信息，请查阅路由器的手册或制造商的网站。 并且，如果您需要它，我们也为您找到路由器的IP地址提供了很好的指南。

You should also know that unlike street addresses, IP addresses aren’t necessarily fixed. Unless you’ve purchased a static address from them, your ISP may occasionally assign you a new public IP address. And, unless you’ve configured static IP address assignments for your local devices, your router may occasionally assign your devices new IP addresses.

您还应该知道，与街道地址不同，IP地址不一定是固定的。 除非您从他们那里购买了静态地址，否则您的ISP有时可能会为您分配一个新的公共IP地址。 而且，除非您为本地设备配置了静态IP地址分配，否则路由器可能会偶尔为设备分配新的IP地址。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/117371/how-to-find-your-computers-private-public-ip-addresses/

公有ip地址和私有ip地址