Openssl CA证书生成以及双向认证

首先本文主要参照这篇文章写的
http://h2appy.blog.51cto.com/609721/1181234

只是途中有些问题折腾了一下，比如openssl.cnf如何来的，这个文件在编译完openssl后，应该openssl根目录下/apps/demoCA有个，可以把他拷贝到openssl.exe同一级目录
里面有些目录配置，自己可以修改下，但是我没有修改，所以最后生成的文件路径必须按openssl.cnf里面来，至于如何编译openssl 请参考我的另一篇文章

开始生成证书,需要提前做一些准备，生成一些特定目录，这些目录和openssl.cnf里面配置要求一致，在demoCA目录下，还需要建立一个index.txt,index.txt.attr空文件，以及serial文件，serial文件里面写00
注意每次输入下一步命令前，如果index.txt serial文件内容发生改变，请把index.txt中的内容清空，serial重置为00,否则后续命令中会报错(比如报数据库更新错误,此时依然会产生证书，但是c++代码加载证书时却会报错)

打开openssl.cnf文件，可以看到其中的一些目录结构要求

serial文件内容图

cmd进入openssl.exe所在目录下，依次输入以下命令(证书名字可以自己调整,输入过程中需要输入一些信息，如国家，省，市，主机名，邮件，密码等，请尽量保持一致) 例如我的主机名就写127.0.0.1 可以检验证书域名，代码在客户端给出

产生CA自签名证书
openssl.exe genrsa -out private\ca.key -rand private.rnd -des 2048
openssl.exe req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key private\ca.key -out private\ca.crt -config openssl.cnf
openssl.exe x509 -in private\ca.crt -noout -text

产生server的证书过程
openssl.exe genrsa -out private\server.key 1024
openssl.exe req -new -key private\server.key -out newcerts\server.csr -config openssl.cnf
openssl.exe ca -in newcerts\server.csr -cert private\ca.crt -keyfile private\ca.key
-config openssl.cnf -policy policy_anything -out certs\server.crt
openssl.exe x509 -in certs\server.crt -noout -text

产生proxy的证书过程
openssl.exe genrsa -out private\proxy.key 1024
openssl.exe req -new -key private\proxy.key -out newcerts\proxy.csr -config openssl.cnf
openssl.exe ca -in newcerts\proxy.csr -cert private\ca.crt -keyfile private\ca.key -config openssl.cnf -policy policy_anything -out certs\proxy.crt
openssl.exe x509 -in certs\proxy.crt -noout -text

产生client的证书过程
openssl.exe genrsa -out private\client.key 1024
openssl.exe req -new -key private\client.key -out newcerts\client.csr -config openssl.cnf
openssl.exe ca -in newcerts\client.csr -cert private\ca.crt -keyfile private\ca.key -config openssl.cnf -policy policy_anything -out certs\client.crt
openssl.exe x509 -in certs\client.crt -noout -text

整个过程结束后

ca.crt为自签名证书；
server.crt，server.key为服务器端的证书和私钥文件；
proxy.crt，proxy.key为代理服务器端的证书和私钥文件；
client.crt，client.key为客户端的证书和私钥文件。

代码块

服务端测试代码，我做了点修改

//server
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <winsock.h>
#include "openssl/x509.h"
#include "openssl/ssl.h"
#include "openssl/err.h" #define MSGLENGTH      1024
#define PORT           8443
#define CACERT         "ca.crt"
#define SVRCERTF       "server.crt"
#define SVRKEYF        "server.key" int main()
{  WSADATA wsaData;  WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData);  SOCKET sock;  SSL_METHOD *meth;  SSL_CTX* ctx;  SSL* ssl;  //SSL初始化  OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms();  //SSL错误信息初始化  SSL_load_error_strings(); //创建本次会话所使用的协议  meth = TLSv1_server_method();  //申请SSL会话的环境  ctx = SSL_CTX_new(meth);  if (NULL == ctx)  exit(1); //设置会话的握手方式并加载CA证书  SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, NULL);SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx, "D:\\usr\\local\\ssl\\bin\\private\\ca.crt", NULL);//加载服务器端的证书  if (0 == SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file(ctx, "D:\\usr\\local\\ssl\\bin\\certs\\server.crt", SSL_FILETYPE_PEM)) {ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);exit(1);}//加载服务器端的私钥  if (0 == SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ctx, "D:\\usr\\local\\ssl\\bin\\private\\server.key", SSL_FILETYPE_PEM)){ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);exit(1);}//检查服务器端的证书和私钥是否匹配  if (!SSL_CTX_check_private_key(ctx)) {printf("Private key does not match the certificate public key\n");exit(1);}//加密方式  SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(ctx, "RC4-MD5");  //处理握手多次  SSL_CTX_set_mode(ctx, SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY); /*以下是正常的TCP socket建立过程 .............................. */  printf("Begin tcp socket...\n");  sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);  if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {  printf("SOCKET有问题. \n");  return 0;  } sockaddr_in addr;  memset(&addr, '\0', sizeof(addr));  addr.sin_family = AF_INET;  addr.sin_port = htons(PORT); /* Server Port number */  addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; //绑定sock  int nResult = bind(sock, (sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));  if (nResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {  printf("绑定SOCKET有问题. \n");  return 0;  }  printf("服务器启动成功,端口:%d\n正在等待连接\n", PORT); /*接受TCP链接*/  sockaddr_in sa_cli;  int err = listen(sock, 5);  if (-1 == err)  exit(1);  int client_len = sizeof(sa_cli);  int ss = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &sa_cli, &client_len);  if (ss == -1) {  exit(1);  }  closesocket(sock);  printf("Connection from %d, port %d\n", sa_cli.sin_addr.s_addr, sa_cli.sin_port); /* TCP 链接已建立.开始 SSL 握手过程.......................... */  //绑定套接字  ssl = SSL_new(ctx);  if (NULL == ssl)  exit(1);  if (0 == SSL_set_fd(ssl, ss)) {  printf("Attach to Line fail!\n");  exit(1);  }  //SSL握手  //SSL_accept(ssl);  int k = SSL_accept(ssl);  if (0 == k) {  printf("%d\n", k);  printf("SSL connect fail!\n");  exit(1);  }  //进行信息验证  X509 *client_cert;  client_cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(ssl); printf("发现客户端尝试连接\n");  if (client_cert != NULL) {  printf ("Client certificate:\n"); int rv = SSL_get_verify_result(ssl);if (rv != X509_V_OK){printf("认证出错!\n");exit(1);}//读取证书subject名并显示  char *str = X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_subject_name(client_cert), 0, 0);  if (NULL == str) {  printf("认证出错!\n");  exit(1);  }  printf("subject: %s\n", str);  //读取证书的issuer名并显示  str = X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_issuer_name(client_cert), 0, 0);  if (NULL == str) {  printf("证书名为空\n");  exit(1);  }  printf("issuer: %s\n", str);  printf("连接成功\n"); X509_free (client_cert);/*如不再需要,需将证书释放 */  OPENSSL_free(str);  }  else {  printf("找不到客户端的认证证书\n");  exit(1);  } char buf[MSGLENGTH];  SSL_write(ssl, "Server is connect to you!\n", strlen("Server is connect to you!\n"));  printf("Listen to the client: \n");  while (1) {  err = SSL_read(ssl, buf, sizeof(buf));  if(err == -1)break;buf[err] = '\0';  printf("%s\n", buf);  } //关闭套接字  SSL_shutdown(ssl);  SSL_free(ssl);  SSL_CTX_free(ctx);  WSACleanup();  getch();  return 0;
}

客户端测试代码，我做了点修改

//client
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "openssl/x509.h"
#include "openssl/ssl.h"
#include "openssl/err.h"
#include "openssl/rand.h" #define PORT       8443
#define SERVER     "127.0.0.1"
#define CACERT     "D:\\usr\\local\\ssl\\bin\\private\\ca.crt"
#define MYCERTF    "D:\\usr\\local\\ssl\\bin\\certs\\client.crt"
#define MYKEYF     "D:\\usr\\local\\ssl\\bin\\private\\client.key"
#define MSGLENGTH  1024 int GetSrvCert(SSL * ssl, X509 ** pCert)
{int rv = -1;if (ssl == NULL){return rv;}rv = SSL_get_verify_result(ssl);*pCert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(ssl);return rv;
}//验证证书的合法性
int VerifyCert(X509 * pCert, const char * hostname)
{char commonName[512] = { 0 };X509_name_st * name = NULL;if (pCert == NULL || hostname == NULL){return -1;}//获取commonNamename = X509_get_subject_name(pCert);X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(name, NID_commonName, commonName, 512);fprintf(stderr, "VerifyCert - Common Name on certificate: %s\n", commonName);if (strcmp(commonName, hostname) == 0){printf("证书主机名%s\n", commonName);return 1;}else{return 0;}
}int main()
{  WSADATA wsadata;WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsadata);sockaddr_in sin;int seed_int[100]; /*存放随机序列*/SSL*ssl;const SSL_METHOD *meth;SSL_CTX *ctx;//SSL初始化  OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms();//SSL错误信息初始化  SSL_load_error_strings();//创建本次会话所使用的协议  meth = TLSv1_client_method();//申请SSL会话的环境  ctx = SSL_CTX_new(meth);if (NULL == ctx)exit(1);SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(ctx, pem_password_cb1);//SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata(ctx, (void*)"555555");//设置会话的握手方式并加载CA证书  SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, NULL);SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx, CACERT, NULL);//加载自己的证书  if (0 == SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file(ctx, MYCERTF, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM)) {ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);exit(1);}//加载自己的私钥  if (0 == SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ctx, MYKEYF, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM)) {ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);exit(1);}//检查自己的证书和私钥是否匹配  if (!SSL_CTX_check_private_key(ctx)) {printf("Private key does not match the certificate public key\n");exit(1);}/*构建随机数生成机制,WIN32平台必需*/srand((unsigned)time(NULL));for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)seed_int[i] = rand();RAND_seed(seed_int, sizeof(seed_int));//加密方式  SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(ctx, "RC4-MD5");//处理握手多次  SSL_CTX_set_mode(ctx, SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY);/*以下是正常的TCP socket建立过程 .............................. */SOCKET sock;printf("Begin tcp socket...\n");sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {printf("SOCKET有问题. \n");}memset(&sin, '\0', sizeof(sin));sin.sin_family = AF_INET;sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(SERVER); /* Server IP */sin.sin_port = htons(PORT); /* Server Port number */int icnn = connect(sock, (sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin));if (icnn == SOCKET_ERROR) {printf("连不上服务器\n", GetLastError());exit(1);}/* TCP 链接已建立.开始 SSL 握手过程.......................... *///绑定套接字  ssl = SSL_new(ctx);if (NULL == ssl)exit(1);if (0 >= SSL_set_fd(ssl, sock)) {printf("Attach to Line fail!\n");exit(1);}//SSL握手  //SSL_connect(ssl);  int k = SSL_connect(ssl);if (0 == k) {printf("%d\n", k);printf("SSL connect fail!\n");exit(1);}printf("连接服务器成功\n");fprintf(stderr, "Retrieving peer certificate\n");//获取服务器证书X509* pCert = NULL;if (GetSrvCert(ssl, &pCert) != X509_V_OK){if (SSL_get_verify_result(ssl) != X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY){fprintf(stderr, "Certificate verification error: %i\n", SSL_get_verify_result(ssl));            SSL_CTX_free(ctx);return 0;}else{fprintf(stderr, "X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY\n");}}//校验服务器证书fprintf(stderr, "Validating peer certificate\n");if (!VerifyCert(pCert, "127.0.0.1")){fprintf(stderr, "Hostname and Common Name do not match\n");SSL_CTX_free(ctx);return 0;}char sendmsg[MSGLENGTH] = "\0";char revmsg[MSGLENGTH] = "\0";int err = SSL_read(ssl, revmsg, sizeof(revmsg));revmsg[err] = '\0';printf("%s\n", revmsg);while (1) {printf("请输入所要发送的数据:\n");scanf("%s", sendmsg);SSL_write(ssl, sendmsg, strlen(sendmsg));printf("发送消息“ %s ”成功！\n", sendmsg);}//关闭套接字  SSL_shutdown(ssl);SSL_free(ssl);SSL_CTX_free(ctx);closesocket(sock);WSACleanup();   return 0;
}

系统内置证书问题

现在有个问题，当访问百度，支付宝，银联的时候，浏览器是内置证书，怎么获取批量获取这些证书呢？
在cmd中输入certmgr.msc

选择受信任的根证书颁发机构，全选，点邮件，所有任务，导出

输入密码

就生成一个pfx文件，现在只要用openssl转成cer文件就可以了,命令
openssl pkcs12 -nodes -nokeys -in 11.pfx -out 1.cer -passin pass:123456
在程序中使用SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations 预先加载这个1.cer文件就可以了

Android BKS证书

Android加载bks格式证书，Ios/Pc加载cer格式证书，一般而言，生成cer格式比较常见，因此需要进行cer转bks操作，操作步骤如下：

首先要下载特定版本的JCE Provider包
http://www.bouncycastle.org/download/bcprov-jdk15on-146.jar
或者
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c1ur13y

转换命令说明：
keytool -importcert -v -trustcacerts -alias 位置1 \
-file 位置2 \
-keystore 位置3 -storetype BKS \
-providerclass org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider \
-providerpath 位置4 -storepass 位置5

位置1:是个随便取的别名
位置2:cer或crt证书的全地址
位置3:生成后bks文件的位置,建议写全地址
位置4:上面下载JCE Provider包的位置
位置5:生成后证书的密码

转换完整示例
keytool -importcert -v -trustcacerts -alias my12306 -file C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\证书\srca.cer -keystore C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\证书\srca.bks -storetype BKS -providerclass org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider -providerpath C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\证书\bcprov-jdk15on-146.jar -storepass 123456

其他参考文献
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2256950/openssl-ignore-self-signed-certificate-error
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-openssl.html
http://www.zhihu.com/question/25847151
http://blog.csdn.net/jun55xiu/article/details/8980812
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4c451e0e010143v3.html
http://blog.csdn.net/jinhill/article/details/6960874
http://blog.csdn.net/xiexievv/article/details/44494599
http://h2appy.blog.51cto.com/609721/1181234
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-12707183-id-2919172.html
https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/ssl/SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations.html 只能是pem
http://www.360doc.com/content/14/1210/17/18924983_431836560.shtml
http://blog.csdn.net/yi_zz32/article/details/50097325
http://blog.csdn.net/jinhill/article/details/6960874
http://kyfxbl.iteye.com/blog/1910891
http://zctya.blog.163.com/blog/static/1209178201251310292958/
http://www.cnblogs.com/dvking/archive/2010/01/09/2368719.html
http://zctya.blog.163.com/blog/static/1209178201251310292958/
http://h2appy.blog.51cto.com/609721/1181234
http://www.oschina.net/question/565065_81274