前言

命令行窗口打开的方式(任选一种)：

WIN+R输入cmd (打开普通的窗口)
WIN+X 选择Windows PowerShell或者Windows PowerShell(管理员)

系统服务列表打开方式(任选一种)

WIN+R输入services.msc
右击“此电脑” --> “管理” -->“服务和应用程序”–>“服务”

环境变量打开方式

右击“此电脑” --> “属性” -->“高级系统设置”–>“环境变量”

一、windows下MySQL免费版安装卸载(8.0版本)

1.下载

1.1 地址

官方下载地址：https://www.mysql.com/downloads/
官方文档地址：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/

分享下我下载好的8.0.29安装包

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1x2Fdlt-4ef1JPL7TB__qtA
提取码：mjre

1.2 mysql的版本区别

Community(GPL):社区版本，开源免费，不提供官方技术支持

Enterprise：企业版，收费，但是提供官方技术支持

Cluster：集群，也有相应的社区(免费)和企业(收费)版本

Workbench：专为MySQL设计的ER/数据库建模工具，也分为免费和商用

2. zip安装

2.1 解压

将mysql-8.0.29-winx64.zip文件解压到需要安装的路径下，我本地是D:\dev_apps\mysql\mysql-8.0.29-winx64

2.2 创建配置文件

在安装根目录下新建一个my.ini文件(D:\dev_apps\mysql\mysql-8.0.29-winx64\my.ini)，该文件内容格式必须要为ANSI，内容如下：

[mysqld]
#设置3306端口
port=3306
#设置mysql的安装目录（按自己实际路径）
basedir=D:\dev_apps\mysql\mysql-8.0.29-winx64
#设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录（按自己实际路径）
datadir=D:\dev_apps\mysql\mysql-8.0.29-winx64\data
#服务端使用的字符集默认为UTF8
character-set-server=utf8mb4
#创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB[mysql]
#设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
#设置mysql客户端连接服务端时默认使用的端口
port=3306

2.3 配置环境变量

2.4 以管理员打开命令窗口(Win键+X键)

2.5 依次执行命令安装

mysqld --install / --install-manual : --install可以开机自启， --install-manual 每次开机需要手动启动mysql服务

mysqld --initialize

net start mysql

2.6 连接mysql

mysql -u root -p 回车后会提示输入密码，继续回车，在报错后到my.ini配置文件配置的datadir文件夹中找到以.err结尾的文件，里面会有一个密码，再次执行mysql -u root -p ，输入该密码就可以

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-4CbjozzG-1654675833258)(https://s2.loli.net/2022/05/31/6T921BMRbo3uwxY.png)]

2.7 修改密码

修改密码有很多的方法，具体可以参考官方文档，这里我使用的是

SET PASSWORD FOR ‘root’@‘localhost’ = ‘123456’;

2.8 卸载

2.8.1 以管理员方式打开命令行工具后依次执行

net stop mysql(停止服务)
mysqld --remove(卸载mysql)
sc delete MySQL(删除mysql服务，如果报错：mysql这个服务名不存在的话，Win+R输入services.msc在服务列表看一下具体的名称，也可以在列表中手动删除)

2.8.2 删除文件

删除上文中解压的文件和环境变量(配置的datadir路径的data文件夹也要删除)

2.8.3 删除注册表

Win+R 输入 regedit 打开注册表编辑器，按照如下路径找到和Mysql相关的内容，删除掉

计算机\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\EventLog\Application\MYSQLDService

3. msi安装包安装

3.1 安装

双击mysql-installer-community-8.0.29.0.msi
可以按照自己需求选择安装的类型，不知道选啥默认就行
- developer default（开发者默认）：安装mysql开发所需的所有产品
- server only（服务器）：只安装mysql服务器产品
- client only（客户端）：只安装没有服务器的mysql客户端产品
- full（完全）：安装所有包含的mysql产品和功能
- custom（手动）：手动选择系统上应安装的产品
没别的需求基本就是无脑下一步，只需要设置下root用户密码。
如果需要修改端口可以在第5步设置，也可以安装完成后修改配置文件(注意port为mysql端口，X开头的端口是设置5.7版本后新增的Mysql X Plugin插件端口)。
安装完成后开始界面中搜索mysql，点击第一个MySQL 8.0 Command Line Client，会打开命令行窗口，输入安装过程中设置的密码，出现如下界面表示安装成功了
参照2.3节内容配置下环境变量(安装路径为：C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0)
建议修改下配置文件中默认编码（配置文件路径为C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\my.ini）

3.2 问题

在安装完成并配置环境变量后发现在命令窗口使用net stop mysql会报“服务名无效”，这需要Win+R后输入services.msc打开服务列表找到具体的mysql服务名，我这里是MySQL80，所以要使用net stop mysql80 (windows中不区分大小写的)

我使用.msi安装包安装后，由于配置文件和安装包不在同一个路径下，测试时在配置文件中修改port端口生效了，但是配置默认用户root和password不生效，最后把my.ini配置文件复制到安装路径下才成功。

3.3 卸载

这种方式安装的程序，卸载时和平时卸载其他软件一样，如果需要完全卸掉也是需要删除残留文件和注册表的。我用的是geek这个工具，它会帮我完成这些工作(有免费版和收费版)，分享下免费版吧：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1H_il1oTF-8Oi29gu_5kmcQ
提取码：u91a

附录：my.ini文件中参数详情

该配置文件中分为两个部分：客户端参数和服务器参数，服务器参数也包含InnoDB存储引擎参数，每次修改 my.ini 文件中的参数后，必须重新启动 MySQL 服务才会有效。

客户端( [client]和[mysql])

port：表示 MySQL 客户端连接服务器端时使用的端口号，默认的端口号为 3306。如果需要更改端口号的话，可以直接在这里修改。
default-character-set：表示 MySQL 客户端默认的字符集。
root和password：配置一个默认用户，登录时不需要mysql -uroot -p了，只需要输入mysql即可登录。
```
[client]
port=3306
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
user=root
password=123456
```

服务端([mysqld])

参数名称	说明
port	表示 MySQL 服务器的端口号
basedir	表示 MySQL 的安装路径
datadir	表示 MySQL 数据文件的存储位置，也是数据表的存放位置
default-character-set	表示服务器端默认的字符集
default-storage-engine	创建数据表时，默认使用的存储引擎
sql-mode	表示 SQL 模式的参数，通过这个参数可以设置检验 SQL 语句的严格程度
max_connections	表示允许同时访问 MySQL 服务器的最大连接数。其中一个连接是保留的，留给管理员专用的
query_cache_size	表示查询时的缓存大小，缓存中可以存储以前通过 SELECT 语句查询过的信息，再次查询时就可以直接从缓存中拿出信息，可以改善查询效率
table_open_cache	表示所有进程打开表的总数
tmp_table_size	表示内存中每个临时表允许的最大大小
thread_cache_size	表示缓存的最大线程数
myisam_max_sort_file_size	表示 MySQL 重建索引时所允许的最大临时文件的大小
myisam_sort_buffer_size	表示重建索引时的缓存大小
key_buffer_size	表示关键词的缓存大小
read_buffer_size	表示 MyISAM 表全表扫描的缓存大小
read_rnd_buffer_size	表示将排序好的数据存入该缓存中
sort_buffer_size	表示用于排序的缓存大小
default_authentication_plugin	用户密码的加密认证方式(8：caching_sha2_password，5.7：mysql_native_password)
authentication_policy	MySQL 8.0.27 增加了多因素身份认证(MFA)功能，可以为一个用户指定多重的身份校验。引入了新的系统变量 authentication_policy ，用于管理多因素身份认证功能。在 MySQL 8.0.27 之前，create user 的时候可以指定一种认证插件，在未明确指定的情况下会取系统变量 default_authentication_plugin的值。default_authentication_plugin 的有效值有3个，分别是 mysql_native_password ，sha256_password ，caching_sha2_password ，这个3个认证插件是内置的、不需要注册步骤的插件。

innodb引擎参数

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size：表示附加的内存池，用来存储 InnoDB 表的内容。
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit：是设置提交日志的时机，若设置为 1，InnoDB 会在每次提交后将事务日志写到磁盘上。
innodb_log_buffer_size：表示用来存储日志数据的缓存区的大小。
innodb_buffer_pool_size：表示缓存的大小，InnoDB 使用一个缓冲池类保存索引和原始数据。
innodb_log_file_size：表示日志文件的大小。
innodb_thread_concurrency：表示在 InnoDB 存储引擎允许的线程最大数

my.ini配置文件(使用.msi安装后自动生成的)

# Other default tuning values
# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard
#
#
# Installation Instructions
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options
# (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
#
# On Windows, when MySQL has been installed using MySQL Installer you
# should keep this file in the ProgramData directory of your server
# (e.g. C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To make sure the server
# reads the config file, use the startup option "--defaults-file".
#
# To run the server from the command line, execute this in a
# command line shell, e.g.
# mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
#
# To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a
# command line shell, e.g.
# mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
#
# And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.
# net start MySQLXY
#
#
# Guidelines for editing this file
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.
# If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program
# with the "--help" option.
#
# More detailed information about the individual options can also be
# found in the manual.
#
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
#
#
# CLIENT SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
# Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
# to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
# honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
# MySQL client library initialization.
#
[client]# pipe=# socket=MYSQLport=3307[mysql]
no-beep# default-character-set=# SERVER SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
# you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this
# file.
#
# server_type=3
[mysqld]# The next three options are mutually exclusive to SERVER_PORT below.
# skip-networking
# enable-named-pipe
# shared-memory# shared-memory-base-name=MYSQL# The Pipe the MySQL Server will use.
# socket=MYSQL# The access control granted to clients on the named pipe created by the MySQL Server.
# named-pipe-full-access-group=0.0# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3307# Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
# basedir="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/"# Path to the database root
datadir=C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0\Data# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
# created and no character set is defined
# character-set-server=# Administers multifactor authentication (MFA) capabilities. It applies to the authentication
# factor-related clauses of CREATE USER and ALTER USER statements used to manage MySQL account
# definitions, where “factor” corresponds to an authentication method or plugin associated
# with an account.
authentication_policy=caching_sha2_password,,# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
default-storage-engine=INNODB# Set the SQL mode to strict
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"# General and Slow logging.
log-output=FILEgeneral-log=0general_log_file="DESKTOP-F7L31LJ.log"slow-query-log=1slow_query_log_file="DESKTOP-F7L31LJ-slow.log"long_query_time=10# Error Logging.
log-error="DESKTOP-F7L31LJ.err"# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Specifies the base name to use for binary log files. With binary logging
# enabled, the server logs all statements that change data to the binary
# log, which is used for backup and replication.
log-bin="DESKTOP-F7L31LJ-bin"# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Specifies the server ID. For servers that are used in a replication topology,
# you must specify a unique server ID for each replication server, in the
# range from 1 to 2^32 − 1. “Unique” means that each ID must be different
# from every other ID in use by any other source or replica.
server-id=1# NOTE: Modify this value after Server initialization won't take effect.
lower_case_table_names=1# Secure File Priv.
secure-file-priv="C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/Uploads"# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
# connection limit has been reached.
max_connections=151# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
# section [mysqld_safe]
table_open_cache=4000# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
# of them.
tmp_table_size=71M# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't
# more than thread_cache_size threads from before.  This greatly reduces
# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance
# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
thread_cache_size=10#*** MyISAM Specific options
# The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while
# recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.
# If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created
# through the key cache (which is slower).
myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G# The size of the buffer that is allocated when sorting MyISAM indexes
# during a REPAIR TABLE or when creating indexes with CREATE INDEX
# or ALTER TABLE.
myisam_sort_buffer_size=133M# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using
# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
# used for internal temporary disk tables.
key_buffer_size=8M# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.
# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
read_buffer_size=64Kread_rnd_buffer_size=256K#*** INNODB Specific options ***
# innodb_data_home_dir=# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
# and speed up some things.
# skip-innodb# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
# (even with long transactions).
innodb_log_buffer_size=1M# InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and
# row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to
# access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this
# parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it
# too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may
# cause paging in the operating system.  Note that on 32bit systems you
# might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not
# set it too high.
innodb_buffer_pool_size=128M# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
# recovery process.
innodb_log_file_size=48M# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
innodb_thread_concurrency=25# The increment size (in MB) for extending the size of an auto-extend InnoDB system tablespace file when it becomes full.
innodb_autoextend_increment=64# The number of regions that the InnoDB buffer pool is divided into.
# For systems with buffer pools in the multi-gigabyte range, dividing the buffer pool into separate instances can improve concurrency,
# by reducing contention as different threads read and write to cached pages.
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8# Determines the number of threads that can enter InnoDB concurrently.
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000# Specifies how long in milliseconds (ms) a block inserted into the old sublist must stay there after its first access before
# it can be moved to the new sublist.
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000# When this variable is enabled, InnoDB updates statistics during metadata statements.
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0# When innodb_file_per_table is enabled (the default in 5.6.6 and higher), InnoDB stores the data and indexes for each newly created table
# in a separate .ibd file, rather than in the system tablespace.
innodb_file_per_table=1# Use the following list of values: 0 for crc32, 1 for strict_crc32, 2 for innodb, 3 for strict_innodb, 4 for none, 5 for strict_none.
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0# The number of outstanding connection requests MySQL can have.
# This option is useful when the main MySQL thread gets many connection requests in a very short time.
# It then takes some time (although very little) for the main thread to check the connection and start a new thread.
# The back_log value indicates how many requests can be stacked during this short time before MySQL momentarily
# stops answering new requests.
# You need to increase this only if you expect a large number of connections in a short period of time.
back_log=80# If this is set to a nonzero value, all tables are closed every flush_time seconds to free up resources and
# synchronize unflushed data to disk.
# This option is best used only on systems with minimal resources.
flush_time=0# The minimum size of the buffer that is used for plain index scans, range index scans, and joins that do not use
# indexes and thus perform full table scans.
join_buffer_size=256K# The maximum size of one packet or any generated or intermediate string, or any parameter sent by the
# mysql_stmt_send_long_data() C API function.
max_allowed_packet=64M# If more than this many successive connection requests from a host are interrupted without a successful connection,
# the server blocks that host from performing further connections.
max_connect_errors=100# Changes the number of file descriptors available to mysqld.
# You should try increasing the value of this option if mysqld gives you the error "Too many open files".
open_files_limit=8161# If you see many sort_merge_passes per second in SHOW GLOBAL STATUS output, you can consider increasing the
# sort_buffer_size value to speed up ORDER BY or GROUP BY operations that cannot be improved with query optimization
# or improved indexing.
sort_buffer_size=256K# The number of table definitions (from .frm files) that can be stored in the definition cache.
# If you use a large number of tables, you can create a large table definition cache to speed up opening of tables.
# The table definition cache takes less space and does not use file descriptors, unlike the normal table cache.
# The minimum and default values are both 400.
table_definition_cache=2000# Specify the maximum size of a row-based binary log event, in bytes.
# Rows are grouped into events smaller than this size if possible. The value should be a multiple of 256.
binlog_row_event_max_size=8K# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replica synchronizes its master.info file to disk.
# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_source_info events.
sync_source_info=10000# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, the MySQL server synchronizes its relay log to disk.
# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log writes to the relay log.
sync_relay_log=10000# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replica synchronizes its relay-log.info file to disk.
# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log_info transactions.
sync_relay_log_info=10000# Load mysql plugins at start."plugin_x ; plugin_y".
# plugin_load# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server X Protocol will listen on.
loose_mysqlx_port=33060

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