ansible入门快速上手使用教程

1 安装ansible

centos安装：

# yum -y install epel-release    //更新本地安装库
# yum list all *ansible*   //查看相应的版本
# yum info ansible         //查看ansible的信息
# yum install ansible      //开始安装

2 ansible的配置文件

/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg 主配置文件
/etc/ansible/hosts Inventory
/usr/bin/ansible-doc 帮助文件
/usr/bin/ansible-playbook 指定运行任务文件

3 定义一个Linux集群组

（1）修改/etc/ansible/hosts

# cd /etc/ansible/
# cp hosts{,.bak}
# > hosts
# cat hosts
[webserver]
127.0.0.1
192.168.10.149
[dbserver]
192.168.10.113

（2）指定相应的配置文件

大部分时候，对/etc/ansible/hosts 文件的修改，需要root权限，而往往工作中我们都是使用的普通用户进行登录，所以一般在自己的文件夹中单独创建一个hosts文件，然后在执行命令的时候指定解析自己的hosts文件即可，文件修改语法不变，执行命令如下：

-i {配置文件路径}

# ansible webserver -i ~/.ansible/hosts -m command -a 'ls ~'

4 密钥连接

在进行批量管理的时候，通常需要密码认证，这个时候有两种方式：

每次执行命令都输入一次密码（比较麻烦）
- -k，是小写的，然后输入密码即可
```
# ansible webserver -i ~/.ansible/hosts -m command -a 'ls ~' -k
```

使用ssh方式将密钥传输到指定的主机

//首先生成ssh密钥
# ssh-genkey -t rsa    //连续按enter即可
//将同ssh密钥拷贝到远程主机
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub zhangsan@192.168.1.10    //-i表示指定的ssh密钥
# ssh-copy-id zhangsan@192.168.1.10    //或者直接在ssh密钥的文件夹

5 基础教程用法

ping

enable this config, record_host_keys=Flase. And add the host’s ip address in the file(/etc/ansible/hosts).
```
$ ssh-keygen$ ssh-copy-id [ip_address]
$ ansible -m ping
```

ansible-playbook: execute a script.

$ ansible-playbook hello.yml
$ cat hello.yml

ansible-vault: encrypt or decrypt a file, to ensure the secrity of the file.
```
$ ansible-vault encrypt hello.yml
$ ansible-vault decrypt hello.yml
```
ansible-console: A interact command line of ansible.

Ansible Module:

use module:
- command: execute only system command
- shell: execute the command via shell process
- raw: execute the low level command
```
$ ansible [host group] -m [module name] -a "[command line]"
$ ansible webserver -m command/shell -a "ls /etc"
```
Change default module:

A tutorials of ansible module

change config file(/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg), enable the line and change it.
```
module_name = command  // change it to shellmodule_name = shell
```

script: Run a script on the remote hosts

$ ansible [host group] -m script -a "test.sh"

copy: Copy files from current host to remote hosts.

$ ansible [host group] -m copy -a "src=/etc/systemfig dest=data/os.txt" owner=[user name] mode=600$ ansible webserver -m copy -a "src=/home/centos/pig/1.txt dest=/home/root123/2.txt owner=root123 mode=600"

fetch: Fetch a file from remote hosts. This must be a file, not a directory. Like copy.
```
$ ansible all -m fetch -a "src=/etc/os-release dest=/home/centos/pig/tem"
```

file: change file’s attributes, create a empty file.

$ ansible webserver -m file -a "path=/home/root123/new.txt state=touch"

unarchive: unzip a file.

$ ansible webserver -m unarchive -a "src=./etc.tar.gz dest=/home/root123/ owner=root123 mode=600"   // push the zip file to the remote hosts and unzip it.

6 ansible转义

ansible 中想执行 lvm vgs | grep ceph | awk '{print $1}' | xargs -I {} lvm vgremove -f {} 命令

排查结果发现 lvm vgs | grep ceph | awk '{print $1}' 中 awk '{print $1}' 失效

最终发现是 $ 符出了问题，添加转义字符 \ 后，ok

ansible all -i  inventories/production/infrastructure -m shell -a "lvm vgs | grep ceph | awk '{print \$1}'| xargs -I {} lvm vgremove -f {}" --become

Reference

https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000038230424
Ansible中文权威指南
automate-with-ansible
automate-with-ansible in simple chinese
https://blog.csdn.net/Man_In_The_Night/article/details/93464540

写在最后

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