默认情况下在mac或者Windows安装docker的时候会自动安装docker-compose。对于Linux来说是需要独立安装docker compose。

linux下安装docker-compose

前提是已经安装好docker。

去github上下载docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 。

然后将下载的compose文件 "docker-compose-Linux-x86_64“ 改名为 “docker-compose”，移动到 /usr/local/bin

sudo mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

添加可执行权限：

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

这样docker-compose就安装好了，查看version:

iie4bu@hostdocker:~$ docker-compose  --version
docker-compose version 1.24.1, build 4667896b

一般情况下，我们使用docker-compose时，往往会联合使用docker-compose.yml文件。

docker-compose up

这个命令可以将docker-compose.yml文件中的services全部启动。

这个命令执行的文件名是docker-compose.yml。如果要指定文件，需要加上-f参数。例如：

docker-compose -f docker-compose-2.yml up

-f 的默认值是docker-compose.yml，所以可以不用写。

实验一

新建docker-compose.yml,内容如下：

version: '3'services:wordpress:image: wordpressports:- 8080:80environment:WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: mysqlWORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: rootnetworks:- my-bridgemysql:image: mysql:5.7environment:MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootMYSQL_DATABASE: wordpressvolumes:- mysql-data:/var/lib/mysqlnetworks:- my-bridgevolumes:mysql-data:networks:my-bridge:driver: bridge

执行命令：

docker-compose up

Creating docker-compose-dir_wordpress_1 ... done
Creating docker-compose-dir_mysql_1     ... done
Attaching to docker-compose-dir_mysql_1, docker-compose-dir_wordpress_1
mysql_1      | Initializing database
wordpress_1  | WordPress not found in /var/www/html - copying now...
wordpress_1  | Complete! WordPress has been successfully copied to /var/www/html
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:38.299244Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:38.299306Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.16) initializing of server in progress as process 27
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:41.616051Z 5 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:41:43 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): (HY000/2002): Connection refused in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | MySQL Connection Error: (2002) Connection refused
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:43.800607Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.16) initializing of server has completed
mysql_1      | Database initialized
mysql_1      | MySQL init process in progress...
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | MySQL Connection Error: (2002) Connection refused
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:45.680731Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:45.680839Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.16) starting as process 78
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:46.335401Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:46.338587Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011810] [Server] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:46.401763Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.16'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 0  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:46.638569Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock'
mysql_1      | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.
mysql_1      | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/leap-seconds.list' as time zone. Skipping it.
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | MySQL Connection Error: (2002) Connection refused
mysql_1      | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.
mysql_1      | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone1970.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.
mysql_1      | mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql_1      |
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:52.014266Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.16)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
mysql_1      |
mysql_1      | MySQL init process done. Ready for start up.
mysql_1      |
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | MySQL Connection Error: (2002) Connection refused
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:52.395589Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:52.395700Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.16) starting as process 1
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:52.795509Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:52.797900Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011810] [Server] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:52.831221Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.16'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
mysql_1      | 2019-07-04T14:41:52.902234Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock' bind-address: '::' port: 33060
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:41:55 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client [caching_sha2_password] in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:41:55 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): (HY000/2054): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | MySQL Connection Error: (2054) The server requested authentication method unknown to the client
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:41:58 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client [caching_sha2_password] in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:41:58 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): (HY000/2054): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | MySQL Connection Error: (2054) The server requested authentication method unknown to the client
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:42:01 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client [caching_sha2_password] in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:42:01 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): (HY000/2054): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | MySQL Connection Error: (2054) The server requested authentication method unknown to the client
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:42:04 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client [caching_sha2_password] in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:42:04 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): (HY000/2054): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | MySQL Connection Error: (2054) The server requested authentication method unknown to the client
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:42:07 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client [caching_sha2_password] in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:42:07 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): (HY000/2054): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | MySQL Connection Error: (2054) The server requested authentication method unknown to the client
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:42:10 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client [caching_sha2_password] in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  | [04-Jul-2019 14:42:10 UTC] PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): (HY000/2054): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client in Standard input code on line 22
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | MySQL Connection Error: (2054) The server requested authentication method unknown to the client
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | WARNING: unable to establish a database connection to 'mysql'
wordpress_1  |   continuing anyways (which might have unexpected results)
wordpress_1  |
wordpress_1  | AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.18.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
wordpress_1  | AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.18.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
wordpress_1  | [Thu Jul 04 14:42:10.695076 2019] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 1] AH00163: Apache/2.4.25 (Debian) PHP/7.3.6 configured -- resuming normal operations
wordpress_1  | [Thu Jul 04 14:42:10.696660 2019] [core:notice] [pid 1] AH00094: Command line: 'apache2 -D FOREGROUND'
mysql_1      | mbind: Operation not permitted

先是生成了docker-compose-dir_wordpress_1和docker-compose-dir_mysql_1，然后接下来是各自的日志输出。

docker-compose ps

查看当前有那些service在启动

docker-compose psName                           Command               State          Ports
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
docker-compose-dir_mysql_1       docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld      Up      3306/tcp, 33060/tcp
docker-compose-dir_wordpress_1   docker-entrypoint.sh apach ...   Up      0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp

docker-compose stop

这个命令会停止当前运行的services

docker-compose stop
Stopping docker-compose-dir_mysql_1     ... done
Stopping docker-compose-dir_wordpress_1 ... done

docker-compose start

启动services

docker-compose start
Starting wordpress ... done
Starting mysql     ... done

docker-compose down

先停止container，然后删除container，然后删除network，但是并没有删除本地的image。

docker-compose down
Stopping docker-compose-dir_mysql_1     ... done
Stopping docker-compose-dir_wordpress_1 ... done
Removing docker-compose-dir_mysql_1     ... done
Removing docker-compose-dir_wordpress_1 ... done
Removing network docker-compose-dir_my-bridge

docker-compose up -d

会在后台启动container，但是不会打印输出log.

docker-compose images

列举出docker中的container所使用的image

docker-compose imagesContainer              Repository    Tag       Image Id      Size
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
docker-compose-dir_mysql_1       mysql        5.7      a1aa4f76fab9   356 MB
docker-compose-dir_wordpress_1   wordpress    latest   a541a1a59631   427 MB

docker-compose exec

作用与docker exec 类似，比如执行docker-compose.yml中定义的mysql service，那么命令如下：

docker-compose exec mysql /bin/bash
root@3669e2265f7d:/#

这样就进入了mysql service中去了。

注意，虽然我们使用docker contaienr ls 看到的container name:

 docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
3669e2265f7d        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        3306/tcp, 33060/tcp    docker-compose-dir_mysql_1
1e882117f6a1        wordpress           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes        0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   docker-compose-dir_wordpress_1

但是我们的service name 并不是docker-compose-dir_mysql_1，而是我们在docker-compose.yml中定义的mysql

docker network ls也同理，虽然显示的网络名称是docker-compose-dir_my-bridge，但真正的名称是在docker-compose.yml中定义的my-bridge

docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                           DRIVER              SCOPE
52a131a54732        bridge                         bridge              local
3ba28f3c55c6        docker-compose-dir_my-bridge   bridge              local
8212167bd2d1        host                           host                local
089cabdcfa5a        none                           null                local

实验二

我们还是使用之前的flask-redis项目：

新建文件夹flask-redis,文件夹下新建app.py，内容如下：

from flask import Flask
from redis import Redis
import os
import socketapp = Flask(__name__)
redis = Redis(host=os.environ.get('REDIS_HOST', '127.0.0.1'), port=6379)@app.route('/')
def hello():redis.incr('hits')return 'Hello Container World! I have bean seen %s times and my hostname is %s. \n' % (redis.get('hits'), socket.gethostname())if __name__ == "__main__":app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, debug=True)

新建Dockerfile，内容如下：

FROM python:3.5
LABEL maintainer="vincent"
COPY . /app
WORKDIR /app
RUN pip install  flask redis
EXPOSE 5000
CMD [ "python", "app.py" ]

然后新建docker-compose.yml，内容如下：

version: "3"services:redis:image: redisweb:build:context: .dockerfile: Dockerfileports:- 8080:5000environment:REDIS_HOST: redis

这次我们不是使用拉取image的方式，而是使用Dockerfile方式去构建。分别指定：context是Dockerfile的位置，以及dockerfile的名字。

输出结果：

Building web
Step 1/7 : FROM python:3.5---> 6da24b346f6e
Step 2/7 : LABEL maintainer="vincent"---> Using cache---> 06d9f068cf9e
Step 3/7 : COPY . /app---> 7685dbbee266
Step 4/7 : WORKDIR /app
Removing intermediate container d47965af9324---> acbb4ee85216
Step 5/7 : RUN pip install  flask redis---> Running in 46f5a5fc67ef
Collecting flask
Installing collected packages: Werkzeug, click, itsdangerous, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, flask, redis
Successfully installed Jinja2-2.10.1 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-0.15.4 click-7.0 flask-1.0.3 itsdangerous-1.1.0 redis-3.2.1
Removing intermediate container 46f5a5fc67ef---> 393d35fbafa6
Step 6/7 : EXPOSE 5000---> Running in 64a952eff901
Removing intermediate container 64a952eff901---> 067f011bf9ae
Step 7/7 : CMD [ "python", "app.py" ]---> Running in 9511e8b91db4
Removing intermediate container 9511e8b91db4---> 3a601628a9b9
Successfully built 3a601628a9b9
Successfully tagged flask-redis_web:latest

访问：

curl 192.168.0.109:8080
Hello Container World! I have bean seen b'5' times and my hostname is 1282ec5ae336.

成功！