Qt实战开发-数字软键盘

开发的思路

布局键盘界面
每一个button对应一个槽函数
把输入的字符返回到点击处的文本编辑框

开发过程
首先定义功能button，在头文件中定义

    QString getText();QPushButton *num6Button;QPushButton *backspaceButton;QPushButton *num4Button;QPushButton *okButton;QPushButton *leftButton;QPushButton *num1Button;QPushButton *cancelButton;QPushButton *rightButton;QPushButton *num9Button;QPushButton *num8Button;QPushButton *num2Button;QPushButton *num7Button;QPushButton *dotButton;QPushButton *num3Button;QPushButton *num0Button;QPushButton *num5Button;QPushButton *signButton;QLineEdit *lineEdit;

接着定义相关联的槽函数

    void on_num1Button_clicked();void on_num2Button_clicked();void on_num3Button_clicked();void on_num4Button_clicked();void on_num5Button_clicked();void on_num6Button_clicked();void on_num7Button_clicked();void on_num8Button_clicked();void on_num9Button_clicked();void on_dotButton_clicked();void on_num0Button_clicked();void on_signButton_clicked();void on_leftButton_clicked();void on_rightButton_clicked();void on_backspaceButton_clicked();void on_cancelButton_clicked();void on_okButton_clicked();

下面定义界面布局显示的功能模块

        okButton = new QPushButton(this);okButton->setText(" OK");okButton->setGeometry(QRect(190, 250, 110, 50));QFont font1;font1.setPointSize(14);okButton->setFont(font1);backspaceButton = new QPushButton(this);backspaceButton->setText(" backspace");backspaceButton->setGeometry(QRect(190, 130, 110, 50));backspaceButton->setFont(font1);num6Button = new QPushButton(this);num6Button->setText("6");num6Button->setGeometry(QRect(130, 130, 50, 50));QFont font;font.setPointSize(22);num6Button->setFont(font);num4Button = new QPushButton(this);num4Button->setText(" 4");num4Button->setGeometry(QRect(10, 130, 50, 50));num4Button->setFont(font);leftButton = new QPushButton(this);leftButton->setText("<-");leftButton->setGeometry(QRect(190, 190, 50, 50));leftButton->setFont(font);num1Button = new QPushButton(this);num1Button->setText("1");num1Button->setGeometry(QRect(10, 70, 50, 50));num1Button->setFont(font);cancelButton = new QPushButton(this);cancelButton->setText("Esc");cancelButton->setGeometry(QRect(190, 70, 110, 50));cancelButton->setFont(font1);rightButton = new QPushButton(this);rightButton->setText("->");rightButton->setGeometry(QRect(250, 190, 50, 50));rightButton->setFont(font);num9Button = new QPushButton(this);num9Button->setText("9");num9Button->setGeometry(QRect(130, 190, 50, 50));num9Button->setFont(font);num8Button = new QPushButton(this);num8Button->setText("8");num8Button->setGeometry(QRect(70, 190, 50, 50));num8Button->setFont(font);num2Button = new QPushButton(this);num2Button->setText("2");num2Button->setGeometry(QRect(70, 70, 50, 50));num2Button->setFont(font);num7Button = new QPushButton(this);num7Button->setText("7");num7Button->setGeometry(QRect(10, 190, 50, 50));num7Button->setFont(font);dotButton = new QPushButton(this);dotButton->setText(".");dotButton->setGeometry(QRect(130, 250, 50, 50));dotButton->setFont(font);num3Button = new QPushButton(this);num3Button->setText("3");num3Button->setGeometry(QRect(130, 70, 50, 50));num3Button->setFont(font);num0Button = new QPushButton(this);num0Button->setText("0");num0Button->setGeometry(QRect(10, 250, 50, 50));num0Button->setFont(font);num5Button = new QPushButton(this);num5Button->setText("5");num5Button->setGeometry(QRect(70, 130, 50, 50));num5Button->setFont(font);signButton = new QPushButton(this);signButton->setText("+/-");signButton->setGeometry(QRect(70, 250, 50, 50));QFont font2;font2.setPointSize(20);signButton->setFont(font2);lineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);lineEdit->setGeometry(QRect(10, 10, 290, 50));QFont font3;font3.setPointSize(24);font3.setWeight(50);lineEdit->setFont(font3);lineEdit->setText(QString());

相应的槽函数功能

void NumKeyboard::changeEvent(QEvent *e)
{QDialog::changeEvent(e);switch (e->type()) {case QEvent::LanguageChange:break;default:break;}
}bool NumKeyboard::eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *event)
{if (event->type() == QEvent::KeyPress){QKeyEvent *keyEvent = static_cast<QKeyEvent *>(event);if (obj == lineEdit){if(keyEvent->key() >= 0x20 && keyEvent->key()<= 0x0ff)  return true;elsereturn false;}else{return false;}}else{// standard event processingreturn QObject::eventFilter(obj, event);}
}//***********************按键*****************************//
void NumKeyboard::on_num1Button_clicked()       //1
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();  if(strContent.left(idx) == "0")       {lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '1'); lineEdit->setText(strContent); lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus(); qDebug()<<"strContent"<<strContent;qDebug()<<"idx"<<idx;
}void NumKeyboard::on_num2Button_clicked()       //2
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(strContent.left(idx) == "0"){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '2');lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_num3Button_clicked()       //3
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(strContent.left(idx) == "0"){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '3');lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_num4Button_clicked()       //4
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(strContent.left(idx) == "0"){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '4');lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_num5Button_clicked()       //5
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(strContent.left(idx) == "0"){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '5');lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_num6Button_clicked()       //6
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(strContent.left(idx) == "0"){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '6');lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_num7Button_clicked()       //7
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(strContent.left(idx) == "0"){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '7');lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_num8Button_clicked()       //8
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(strContent.left(idx) == "0"){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '8');lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_num9Button_clicked()       //9
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(strContent.left(idx) == "0"){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '9');lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_dotButton_clicked()        //.
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(idx==0 || strContent.contains('.')){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '.');lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_num0Button_clicked()       //0
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(strContent.left(idx) == "0" || (idx==0 &&strContent!="")){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);qDebug()<<"idx"<<idx;lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '0');lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_signButton_clicked()       //+/-
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(strContent.left(1) == "-"){strContent.remove(0, 1);lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx-1);lineEdit->setFocus();}else{if(strContent=="0" || strContent==""){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();}else{strContent.insert(0, '-');lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();}}
}void NumKeyboard::on_leftButton_clicked()       //left
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(idx == 0){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx-1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_rightButton_clicked()      //right
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(idx == strContent.length()) //返回此字符串的字符数{lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_backspaceButton_clicked()      //backspace
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();if(idx == 0){lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.remove(idx-1,1);lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx-1);lineEdit->setFocus();
}void NumKeyboard::on_cancelButton_clicked()     //cancel
{this->close();valid = false;
}void NumKeyboard::on_okButton_clicked()         //ok
{this->close();valid = true;
}void NumKeyboard::setText(QString str)      //设置文本内容
{strContent = str;lineEdit->setText(strContent);lineEdit->setFocus();
}QString NumKeyboard::getText()              //获取内容
{return strContent;
}

上面的槽函数中只对大体的相似，只对不同处做出讲解
以点击“1”为例：
获取在软键盘中的文本框中光标的位置，赋值给idx，索引用

int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();

官方的解释如下
QString x = “Pineapple”;
QString y = x.left(4); // y == “Pine”
同理下面的代码含义是：把当前光标位置左侧所有的数，存放在strContent中，
if判断的作用是，当数值开头是0，便不能够输入。一个简单的检查的功能，例如无法输入”01“

insert的官方解释
QString str = “Meal”;
str.insert(1, QString(“ontr”));
// str == “Montreal”
下面语句的作用是在当前的坐标处出插入1；把新的字符串返回给strContent
（初始时idx=0，光标位置是0）
strContent.insert(idx, ‘1’);
随后设置当前的光标的位置+1，
lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);
显示光标
lineEdit->setFocus();

void NumKeyboard::on_num1Button_clicked()       //1
{int idx = lineEdit->cursorPosition();  if(strContent.left(idx) == "0")       {lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx);lineEdit->setFocus();return;}strContent.insert(idx, '1');  lineEdit->setText(strContent); lineEdit->setCursorPosition(idx+1);lineEdit->setFocus();  }

在设置正负的时候还会用到 strContent.remove(0, 1);
官方的解释是：
QString s = “Montreal”;
s.remove(1, 4);
// s == “Meal”
上面的含义是，在0的位置删除1个字符。就是数字前面的+、-

在设置右移的槽函数中
idx == strContent.length()) //返回此字符串的字符数

最后通过getText() 函数获取文本的内容

QString NumKeyboard::getText() //获取内容
{
return strContent;
}

void SoftKeyLineEdit::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *e)
{if(e->button() == Qt::LeftButton){numkeyboard->setText(this->text());  numkeyboard->exec();if(numkeyboard->valid){this->setText(numkeyboard->getText());  }}
}

我们通过鼠标点击的方式来触发软键盘
下面的函数的作用是：把当前的文本框中的内容传递给软件盘中的文本框
numkeyboard->setText(this->text());
下面的exec()与show()显示的方式有所不同。
exec():
显示一个模式对话框，并且锁住程序直到用户关闭该对话框为止。
show():
显示一个非模式对话框。控制权即刻返回给调用函数。
numkeyboard->exec();
如果点击“确认”按键后 valid返回值是true
if(numkeyboard->valid)

随后把返回得到的字符串，传递到点击处的文本框中。
this->setText(numkeyboard->getText());

如何快速一个上面的软键盘到项目中
1.包含上面的cpp和.h文件
2.通过触发的方式触发下面语句
numkeyboard->setText(this->text());
numkeyboard->exec();
if(numkeyboard->valid)
{
this->setText(numkeyboard->getText());
}
3.触发方式可以是信号（例如clicked()）
另外看还可以是mousePressEvent(); 它的使用方式要重写
细节（QString 定义的strContent存储有引用计数，指向相同的存储空间，仅仅是增加一个引用计数）

效果图

源代码下载
http://download.csdn.net/detail/osean_li/9773460

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