实验：

oracle服务器位于Linux操作系统，客户端位于windows操作系统。

首先，查看remote_login_passwordfile参数值：

SYS@orcl 11-SEP-14>show parameter remote_login_passwordfile

NAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

remote_login_passwordfile string EXCLUSIVE

找到$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下的sqlnet.ora，在文件末尾加上：

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=NONE

#Purpose:Use parameter SDP.PF_INET_SDP to specify the protocol family or# address family constantfor the SDP protocol onyour system.

#

#Supported since:11.0#

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=none

即使用密码文件认证方式，那么如果我们在本地使用sqlplus "/as sysdba"就会提示错误信息：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/assysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 12 22:45:56 2014Copyright (c)1982, 2009, Oracle. Allrights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

此时我们必须使用sys用户名和密码才可以登录：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "sys/sys assysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 12 22:47:08 2014Copyright (c)1982, 2009, Oracle. Allrights reserved.

Connectedto:

OracleDatabase 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 -ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

进入sqlnet.ora把SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=none改成“=all”，存盘退出。

再次使用sqlplus "/as sysdba"登录的时候使用的就是本地认证：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/assysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 12 22:49:51 2014Copyright (c)1982, 2009, Oracle. Allrights reserved.

Connectedto:

OracleDatabase 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 -ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

另外，我们可以使用orapwd这个工具来生成密码文件。

首先看看orapwd的用法：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ orapwd

Usage: orapwdfile= entries= force= ignorecase= nosysdba=

where

file - name of password file(required),

password- password for SYS will be prompted if notspecified at command line,

entries- maximum number of distinctDBA (optional),

force- whether to overwrite existing file(optional),

ignorecase- passwords are case-insensitive (optional),

nosysdba- whether to shut out the SYSDBA logon (optional Database Vault only).

There must be no spaces around the equal-to (=) character.

我们把位于$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下的原orapworcl移到其它目录。注意，remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive,且sqlnet.ora中SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=none

在windows上的客户端尝试远程oracle：

SQL> conn sys/sys@win assysdba

ERROR:

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

现在我们使用orapwd来重建密码文件：

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl password=sys entries=5

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls

hc_DBUA0.dat initorcl lkORCL peshm_DUMMY_0 spfileorcl.ora

hc_orcl.dat initorcl.ora orapworcl peshm_orcl_0

init.ora lkDUMMY peshm_DBUA0_0 snapcf_orcl.f

再次尝试远程连接oracle：

SQL> conn sys/sys@win assysdba

connected.

看看这个密码文件的内容：

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ strings orapworclORACLE Remote Password file

INTERNAL

6A75B1BBE50E66AB

4DE42795E66117AE

在数据库中创建一个新的用户并授予sysdba的权限：

SYS@orcl 11-SEP-14>create user sunny identified bysunny;Usercreated.

SYS@orcl 11-SEP-14>grant sysdba tosunny;Grant succeeded.

再去看看orapworcl的内容，发现多了sunny这个用户的信息：

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ strings orapworcl

ORACLE Remote PasswordfileINTERNAL

6A75B1BBE50E66AB

4DE42795E66117AE

SUNNY

53801465943A91BE

也可以通过动态性能视图v$pwfile_users查看有哪些用户是拥有sysdba权限的：

SYS@orcl 11-SEP-14>select * fromv$pwfile_users;

USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS------------------------------ ----- ----- -----

SYS TRUE TRUE FALSE

SUNNY TRUE FALSE FALSE