nmbd - NetBIOS名字服务器
作者：Wing(2001-04-02 16:04:08) 〖回复〗〖打包〗〖转发〗

nmbd - NetBIOS name server to provide NetBIOS over IP naming services to
clients

nmbd - 向客户端提供构造在IP之上的NetBIOS名字服务的NetBIOS名字服务器

SYNOPSIS

语法

nmbd [-D] [-a] [-o] [-h] [-V] [-H lmhosts file] [-d debuglevel] [-l log file
basename] [-n primary NetBIOS name] [-p port number] [-s configuration file]
[-i NetBIOS scope]

DESCRIPTION

描述

This program is part of the Samba suite.

此程序是samba套件的一部分。

nmbd is a server that understands and can reply to NetBIOS over IP name
service requests, like those produced by SMBD/CIFS clients such as Windows
95/98, Windows NT and LanManager clients. It also participates in the
browsing protocols which make up the Windows "Network Neighborhood" view.

nmbd是一个回应构造于IP之上的NetBIOS名字服务请求的服务器，这些请求由SMBD/CIFS客
户(如Windows 95/98、NT和LanManager客户)产生。当然它也参与构造Windows的"网络邻
居”查看的浏览协议。

SMB/CIFS clients, when they start up, may wish to locate an SMB/CIFS server.
That is, they wish to know what IP number a specified host is using.

当SMB/CIFS客户机启动时，会试图查找一个SMB/CIFS服务器。说得更精确些就是它们要知
道正在使用的主机对应的IP地址。

Amongst other services, nmbd will listen for such requests, and if its own
NetBIOS name is specified it will respond with the IP number of the host it
is running on. Its "own NetBIOS name" is by default the primary DNS name of
the host it is running on, but this can be overridden with the -n option (see
OPTIONS below). Thus nmbd will reply to broadcast queries for its own
name(s). Additional names for nmbd to respond on can be set via parameters in
the smb.conf(5) configuration file.

在其它的服务中，nmbd将监听这样的请求，如果客户自身的NetBIOS名字已被指定的话就
用正在运行的主机IP地址回复它。这个“自身的NetBIOS名字”在默认情况下将是正在运
行的主机在DNS中的名字，但可以用-n参数(查看后面关于OPTIONS的描述)越过它。从而
nmbd将用它自已的名字来回应广播查询。要让nmbd回应额外名字的话可以在smb.conf(5)
配置文件中通过参数来设定。

nmbd can also be used as a WINS (Windows Internet Name Server) server. What
this basically means is that it will act as a WINS database server, creating
a database from name registration requests that it receives and replying to
queries from clients for these names.

nmbd也可用作一个WINS(Windows互联网名称服务)服务器。它作为WINS数据库服务器运作
时，用名字注册请求来建立一个数据库以接收和回应客户对这些名字的查询。

In addition, nmbd can act as a WINS proxy, relaying broadcast queries from
clients that do not understand how to talk the WINS protocol to a WIN
server.

另外，nmbd也可以作WINS代理，转发用户不能直接以WINS协议和WINS服务器交谈的广播查
询。

OPTIONS

选项

-D
If specified, this parameter causes nmbd to operate as a daemon. That is, it
detaches itself and runs in the background, fielding requests on the
appropriate port. By default, nmbd will NOT operate as a daemon. nmbd can
also be operated from the inetd meta-daemon, although this is not
recommended.
如果指定这个参数的话，将使nmbd作为一个后台守护程序运行。这样，它分配本身的进程
在后台运行，并监视适当的端口请求。在默认情况下，nmbd将不以后台方式运行。nmbd也
能通过inetd这个超级守护程序来启动，但不推荐这样做。
-a
If this parameter is specified, each new connection will append log messages
to the log file. This is the default.
使用这个参数后，每个新的联接都将被作为记录添加到登录信息文件。这个参数默认情况
下将被使用。
-o
If this parameter is specified, the log files will be overwritten when
opened. By default, the log files will be appended to.
使用这个参数后，记录文件将被覆盖。但默认情况是对记录文件作添加操作。
-h
Prints the help information (usage) for nmbd.
打印出nmbd的帮助信息(用法)。
-V
Prints the version number for nmbd.
打印出nmbd的版本信息。
-H filename
NetBIOS lmhosts file.
指定NetBIOS的lmhosts文件。

The lmhosts file is a list of NetBIOS names to IP addresses that is loaded by
the nmbd server and used via the name resolution mechanism name resolve order
described in smb.conf (5) to resolve any NetBIOS name queries needed by the
server. Note that the contents of this file are NOT used by nmbd to answer
any name queries. Adding a line to this file affects name NetBIOS resolution
from this host ONLY.

NetBIOS的lmhosts文件是一份NetBIOS名字到IP地址对应关系的列表，nmbd服务器将会通
过在smb.conf (5)文件中name resolve order描述的名字解析机制来装入和使用这个文件
，以便让服务器解析可能的NetBIOS名字查询。注意到nmbd并不用这个文件的内容来回答
可能的名字查询。在这个文件中添加内容只会影响本计算机的NetBIOS名字解析。

The default path to this file is compiled into Samba as part of the build
process. Common defaults are /usr/local/samba/lib/lmhosts, /usr/samba/lib/lmho
sts or /etc/lmhosts. See the lmhosts (5) man page for details on the contents
of this file.

这个文件的默认存放路径已被作为编译处理的一部分加入到samba中了。通常默认路径是
/usr/local/samba/lib/lmhosts，/usr/samba/lib/lmhosts 或 /etc/lmhosts。在
lmhosts (5)手册页中查找描述此文件的详细内容。

-d debuglevel
debuglevel is an integer from 0 to 10.
debuglevel是一个从0到10的整数。

The default value if this parameter is not specified is zero.

如果没有指定此参数则默认的值是0。

The higher this value, the more detail will be logged to the log files about
the activities of the server. At level 0, only critical errors and serious
warnings will be logged. Level 1 is a reasonable level for day to day running
- it generates a small amount of information about operations carried out.

如果这个值越高，越多关于服务器的详细活动信息将被记录到文件中。在0调试级时，只
记录紧急错误和严重警告。对于日以即日地运行服务，1调试级是个合理的等级，它只产
生一定数量的关于执行操作的信息。

Levels above 1 will generate considerable amounts of log data, and should
only be used when investigating a problem. Levels above 3 are designed for
use only by developers and generate HUGE amounts of log data, most of which
is extremely cryptic.

1以上的调试级将产生相当多的记录数据，并且只在研究问题时才有用。3以上的调试级只
被设计为让开发者使用并会产生极大数量的记录数据，而且其中很多部分非常难以理解。

Note that specifying this parameter here will override the log level
parameter in the smb.conf (5) file.

注意在此使用这个参数将越过在smb.conf (5)文件中的log level参数。

-l logfile
The -l parameter specifies a path and base filename into which operational
data from the running nmbd server will be logged. The actual log file name is
generated by appending the extension ".nmb" to the specified base name. For
example, if the name specified was "log" then the file log.nmb would contain
the debugging data.
用参数-l可以指定一个带路径的文件名用于nmbd服务器作为记录文件，并会在你给出的名
称后自动加上“.nmb”的扩展名。例如，你指定记录文件名为“log”时，log.nmb将用来
记录这些调试数据。

The default log file path is compiled into Samba as part of the build
process. Common defaults are /usr/local/samba/var/log.nmb, /usr/samba/var/log.
nmb or /var/log/log.nmb.

当然，默认的记录文件路径信息已经作为编译处理的一部分写入了samba中。通常这个默
认的路径和文件名是/usr/local/samba/var/log.nmb，/usr/samba/var/log.nmb 或
/var/log/log.nmb 。

-n primary NetBIOS name
This option allows you to override the NetBIOS name that Samba uses for
itself. This is identical to setting the NetBIOS name parameter in the
smb.conf file but will override the setting in the smb.conf file.
这个选项允许你指定一个非samba自身使用的NetBIOS名字。同样的，要达到这个目的也可
以在smb.conf文件的NetBIOS name参数中进行设定，这样就不需要用这个参数来越过在
smb.conf文件中的设定了。
-p UDP port number
UDP port number is a positive integer value.
我们知道UDP端口号被定义为一个正整数。

This option changes the default UDP port number (normally 137) that nmbd
responds to name queries on. Don't use this option unless you are an expert,
in which case you won't need help!

我们可以用这个选项来改变nmbd响应查询的默认UDP端口号(通常它是137)。除非你是位这
方面的专家，否则请不要用这个选项改变它。

-s configuration file
The default configuration file name is set at build time, typically as
/usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf, but this may be changed when Samba is
autoconfigured.
我们已经在编译时设好默认的配置文件名，通常是/usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf。但
是当对samba进行自动配置时也可以通过这个参数来改变默认值。

The file specified contains the configuration details required by the server.
See smb.conf (5) for more information.

这个配置文件中包含了服务器必须的详细信息。要获得更多信息，请参见smb.conf (5)。

-i scope
This specifies a NetBIOS scope that nmbd will use to communicate with when
generating NetBIOS names. For details on the use of NetBIOS scopes, see
rfc1001.txt and rfc1002.txt. NetBIOS scopes are very rarely used, only set
this parameter if you are the system administrator in charge of all the
NetBIOS systems you communicate with.
这个参数指定一个nmbd产生NetBIOS名字通信时所需要的NetBIOS范围。对于NetBIOS范围
这个概念，可以参见rfc1001.txt和rfc1002.txt这两个文件中的详细定义。实际上这个
NetBIOS范围的概念很少被用到，仅当你作为负责整个NetBIOS通信的管理员时才要设置。

FILES

相关文件

/etc/inetd.conf

If the server is to be run by the inetd meta-daemon, this file must contain
suitable startup information for the meta-daemon.

如果你用inetd这个超级守护程序来运行nmbd服务器，那么必须在这个文件中包含适当的
启动参数和信息。

/etc/rc

(or whatever initialization script your system uses).

(也可以是你的系统所用的其它初始化脚本)

If running the server as a daemon at startup, this file will need to contain
an appropriate startup sequence for the server.

如果用启动脚本来运行nmbd服务器，那么必须在这个文件中指定适当的次序来启动服务器
。

/usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf

This is the default location of the smb.conf server configuration file. Other
common places that systems install this file are /usr/samba/lib/smb.conf and
/etc/smb.conf.

这是服务器配置文件smb.conf默认的存放位置。系统安装配置文件通常的一些其它位置也
可能是/usr/samba/lib/smb.conf and /etc/smb.conf。

When run as a WINS server (see the wins support parameter in the smb.conf (5)
man page), nmbd will store the WINS database in the file wins.dat in the
var/locks directory configured under wherever Samba was configured to install
itself.

当nmbd被用作WINS服务器时(参见smb.conf (5)手册页中对wins support参数的描述)，它
将会把WINS数据库文件wins.dat写到/var/locks目录下。

If nmbd is acting as a browse master (see the local master parameter in the
smb.conf (5) man page), nmbd will store the browsing database in the file
browse.dat in the var/locks directory configured under wherever Samba was
configured to install itself.

如果你把nmbd作为主浏览器(参见smb.conf (5)手册页中对local master参数的描述)，它
将会把浏览数据库browse.dat写到/var/locks目录下。

SIGNALS

服务器相关信号

To shut down an nmbd process it is recommended that SIGKILL (-9) NOT be used,
except as a last resort, as this may leave the name database in an
inconsistent state. The correct way to terminate nmbd is to send it a SIGTERM
(-15) signal and wait for it to die on its own.

我们不推荐你使用SIGKILL (-9)来终止nmbd进程除非这是最后的方法，因为这样做可能导
致名字数据库不协调。正确的方法是发送SIGTERM (-15)信号并等待程序自行结束。

nmbd will accept SIGHUP, which will cause it to dump out it's namelists into
the file namelist.debug in the /usr/local/samba/var/locks directory (or the
var/locks directory configured under wherever Samba was configured to install
itself). This will also cause nmbd to dump out it's server database in the
log.nmb file. In addition, the debug log level of nmbd may be raised by
sending it a SIGUSR1 (kill -USR1 ) and lowered by sending it a
SIGUSR2 (kill -USR2 ). This is to allow transient problems to be
diagnosed, whilst still running at a normally low log level.

nmbd可以接受SIGHUP信号，这样程序将把名字清单写入位于/usr/local/samba/var/locks
(或是var/locks)目录下的namelist.debug文件，同时这个信号也将导致程序把服务器上
的数据写入log.nmb文件。另外，nmbd程序的调试记录等级也可以通过向程序发送一个
SIGUSR1信号(kill -USR1 )或SIGUSR2信号(kill -USR2 )来提高或
是降低。通过使用这样的方法可以诊断一些短暂的问题，同时仍然可以在一个正常的并且
较低的记录等级来运行。

VERSION

版本

This man page is correct for version 2.0 of the Samba suite.

此手册页是针对samba套件版本2.0的。

SEE ALSO

参见

inetd (8), smbd (8), smb.conf (5), smbclient (1), testparm (1), testprns (1),
and the Internet RFC's rfc1001.txt, rfc1002.txt. In addition the CIFS
(formerly SMB) specification is available as a link from the Web page :
http://samba.org/cifs/.

inetd (8)，smbd (8)，smb.conf (5)，smbclient (1)，testparm (1)，testprns (1)及
互联网标准RFC中的rfc1001.txt和rfc1002.txt文件。另外也可以在http://samba.org/ci
fs/处找到CIFS(原先称谓SMB)的规范说明。

AUTHOR

作者

The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew
Tridgell samba-bugs@samba.org. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an
Open Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed.

samba软件和相关工具最初由Andrew Tridgell samba-bugs@samba.org创建。samba现在由
开发组作为类似Linux内核开发采用的开放源代码计划方式来发展。

The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer. The man page sources
were converted to YODL format (another excellent piece of Open Source
software, available at ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/) and updated for the
Samba2.0 release by Jeremy Allison. samba-bugs@samba.org.

samba手册页最初由Karl Auer撰写。它的源码已被转换成YODL(一种极好的开放源代码软
件，可以在ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/处获得)格式并已由Jeremy Allison更新到
samba2.0版本。

See samba (7) to find out how to get a full list of contributors and details
on how to submit bug reports, comments etc.

请参见samba (7)查找如何获得一份完整的维护者列表以及如何提交错误报告及注解等等[@more@]n

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