openssl命令行 工具：命令包含众多的子命令来实现各种安全加密功能

    标准命令有：enc, dgst, ca, req, genrsa, rand, rsa, x509, passwd, ...1.对称加密命令：enc提供对称加密算法，以进行数据或文件的手动加密；格式：openssl enc -ciphername [-in filename] [-out filename] [-e] [-d] [-a/-base64] [-salt]-ciphername：加密算法的名称-in filename：openssl要读取的文件路径；-out filename：加密或解密操作后用于保存结果的文件路径；-e：加密操作-d：解密操作-a/-base64：用纯文本格式进行密文编码；-salt：随机加盐；示例：加密文件（使用-e,-in选项，指定文件和加密后存放的位置）：~]# openssl enc -e -des3 -in anaconda-ks.cfg -a -out anaconda-ks.cfg.encryptfile解密文件（使用-d,-out选项，指定文件和加密后存放的位置）：~]# openssl enc -d -des3 -out anaconda-ks.cfg -a -in anaconda-ks.cfg.encryptfile2.单向解密命令：dgst示例：对fstab文件进行单向解密~]# openssl dgst -sha1 fstab3.生成随机数命令：randopenssl rand [-out file] [-rand file(s)] [-base64] [-hex] num示例：~]# openssl rand -base64 84.生成带盐的密码：passwdopenssl passwd -1 -salt SALT_STRING示例：~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 012345675.公钥加密算法：genrsa生成rsa加密算法的私钥；openssl genrsa [-out filename] [-des] [-des3] [-idea] [-f4] [-3] [numbits]建议使用权限遮罩码来生成私钥：~]# (umask 077 ; openssl genrsa -out /tmp/my.key 4096)~]# (umask 077 ; openssl genrsa > /tmp/my.key 4096)从以及生成的私钥文件中抽取公钥：rsaopenssl rsa [-in filename] [-out filename] [-pubout]-pubout：抽取公钥-in filename：私钥文件的路径-out filename：公钥文件的路径示例：~]# openssl rsa -in my.key -out mykey.pub -pubout利用openssl建立私有CA：1.创建CA所在主机的私钥文件；2.生成自签证书；3.必须为CA提供必要的目录级文件及文本级文件；目录级文件：/etc/pki/CA/certs/etc/pki/CA/crl/etc/pki/CA/newcerts文本级文件：/etc/pki/CA/serial：保存证书的序列号，一般初始序列号为01；/etc/pki/CA/index.txt：证书索引；/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf：配置文件；创建私有CA的步骤：1.创建CA的私钥文件：[root@chenliang CA]# lscerts  crl  newcerts  private[root@chenliang CA]# (umask 077 ; openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/clcakey.pem 2048) Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus....+++....................................................................................................................................+++e is 65537 (0x10001)[root@chenliang CA]# ll private/总用量 4-rw-------. 1 root root 1675 4月  11 09:01 clcakey.pem2.生成自签证书：[root@chenliang CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/clcakey.pem -out /etc/pki/CA/clcacert.pem -days 10000You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.-----Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CNState or Province Name (full name) []:Hebei                                             Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:HandanOrganization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:cl              Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:TechCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:clca.handan.comEmail Address []:mail.clhandan.com[root@chenliang CA]# ls
certs  clcacert.pem  crl  newcerts  private3.完善目录及文本文件结构：

[root@chenliang CA]# touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt
[root@chenliang CA]# ls
certs clcacert.pem crl index.txt newcerts private
[root@chenliang CA]# echo 01 > /etc/pki/CA/serial
[root@chenliang CA]# ls
certs clcacert.pem crl index.txt newcerts private serial

在CA上查看证书内容：查看序列号：[root@chenliang CA]# openssl x509 -in clcacert.pem  -noout -serialserial=F0FD9E8DA617E97D查看证书内容：[root@chenliang CA]# openssl x509 -in clcacert.pem  -noout -subjectsubject= /C=CN/ST=hebei\x08:Hebei/L=Handan/O=cl/OU=Tech/CN=clca.handan.com/emailAddress=mail.clhandan.com吊销证书：必须在CA上执行；1.获取客户端证书对应的序列号：openssl x509 -in /etc/pki/CA/certificate -noout -serial2.吊销证书：openssl ca -revoke /etc/pki/CA/newcerts/SERIAL.pem注意：上述命令中的"SERIAL"要换成准备吊销的证书的序列号；3.生成吊销证书的吊销索引文件；仅需要第一次吊销证书时执行此操作：echo "SERIAL" > /etc/pki/CA/crl/crlnumber4.更新证书吊销列表：openssl ca -genctl -out /etc/pki/CA/crl/ca.crl5.查看CRL：openssl crl -in /etc/pki/CA/crl/ca.crl -noout -text