Linux之http服务基本配置案例

搭建服务

1、首先下载httpd服务

[root@redhat ~]# dnf install httpd
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identityThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Last metadata expiration check: 1:35:46 ago on Tue 17 Aug 2021 12:28:59 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================Package               Arch      Version                                     Repository    Size
================================================================================================
Installing:httpd                 x86_64    2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab       AppStream    1.4 M
Installing dependencies:apr                   x86_64    1.6.3-11.el8                                AppStream    125 kapr-util              x86_64    1.6.1-6.el8                                 AppStream    105 kcentos-logos-httpd    noarch    85.8-1.el8                                  baseOS        75 khttpd-filesystem      noarch    2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab       AppStream     38 khttpd-tools           x86_64    2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab       AppStream    106 kmod_http2             x86_64    1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab        AppStream    154 k
Installing weak dependencies:apr-util-bdb          x86_64    1.6.1-6.el8                                 AppStream     25 kapr-util-openssl      x86_64    1.6.1-6.el8                                 AppStream     27 kTransaction Summary
================================================================================================
Install  9 PackagesTotal download size: 2.0 M
Installed size: 5.6 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/9): apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm                          241 kB/s | 105 kB     00:00
(2/9): centos-logos-httpd-85.8-1.el8.noarch.rpm                 167 kB/s |  75 kB     00:00
(3/9): apr-1.6.3-11.el8.x86_64.rpm                              261 kB/s | 125 kB     00:00
(4/9): apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm                  401 kB/s |  27 kB     00:00
(5/9): apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm                      164 kB/s |  25 kB     00:00
(6/9): httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.n 446 kB/s |  38 kB     00:00
(7/9): httpd-tools-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64 884 kB/s | 106 kB     00:00
(8/9): mod_http2-1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64.rp 931 kB/s | 154 kB     00:00
(9/9): httpd-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64.rpm   3.7 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                           2.0 MB/s | 2.0 MB     00:01
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transactionPreparing        :                                                                        1/1 Installing       : apr-1.6.3-11.el8.x86_64                                                1/9 Running scriptlet: apr-1.6.3-11.el8.x86_64                                                1/9 Installing       : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64                                        2/9 Installing       : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64                                    3/9 Installing       : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64                                            4/9 Running scriptlet: apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64                                            4/9 Installing       : httpd-tools-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64               5/9 Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.noarch          6/9 Installing       : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.noarch          6/9 Installing       : centos-logos-httpd-85.8-1.el8.noarch                                   7/9 Installing       : mod_http2-1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64                  8/9 Installing       : httpd-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64                     9/9 Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64                     9/9 Verifying        : centos-logos-httpd-85.8-1.el8.noarch                                   1/9 Verifying        : apr-1.6.3-11.el8.x86_64                                                2/9 Verifying        : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64                                            3/9 Verifying        : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64                                        4/9 Verifying        : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64                                    5/9 Verifying        : httpd-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64                     6/9 Verifying        : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.noarch          7/9 Verifying        : httpd-tools-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64               8/9 Verifying        : mod_http2-1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64                  9/9
Installed products updated.Installed:apr-1.6.3-11.el8.x86_64                                                                       apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64                                                                   apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64                                                               apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64                                                           centos-logos-httpd-85.8-1.el8.noarch                                                          httpd-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64                                            httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.noarch                                 httpd-tools-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64                                      mod_http2-1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64                                         Complete!

2、关闭防火墙

[root@redhat ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

3、启动服务
查看httpd状态（目前已经成功启动）

[root@redhat ~]# systemctl start httpd           //启动
[root@redhat ~]# systemctl status httpd          //查看状态
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-08-17 14:09:08 CST; 20s ago  //running正在运行Docs: man:httpd.service(8)Main PID: 17932 (httpd)Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"Tasks: 213 (limit: 11076)Memory: 42.9MCGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service├─17932 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND├─17933 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND├─17934 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND├─17935 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND└─17936 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUNDAug 17 14:09:03 redhat systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 17 14:09:08 redhat httpd[17932]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's>
Aug 17 14:09:08 redhat systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Aug 17 14:09:14 redh

案例一：

要求搭建web服务器，能够访问到网页内容为“小胖，你咋这么胖呢！”
更改配置实现访问资源

[root@redhat ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

1、vhost.conf配置文件内容

<VirtualHost 192.168.12.130:80>DocumentRoot  /www/130ServerName    192.168.12.130
</VirtualHost>
<Directory /www>AllowOverride noneRequire all granted
</Directory>

2、根据配置文件创建对应的资源（文件）

[root@redhat ~]# mkdir -p /www/130
[root@redhat ~]# echo ”小胖你，你咋这么胖呢！“ > /www/130/index.html

3、重启httpd服务

[root@redhat ~]# systemctl start httpd

4、浏览器查看配置的资源

案例二：

创建基于域名的虚拟主机，能够使用www.xiaopang.com和www.dapang.com访问各自的网站网站存放路径分别为/xiaopang和/dapang,内容自定。

1、配置文件

[root@redhat ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

2、vhost.conf配置文件内容

#<VirtualHost 192.168.12.130:80># DocumentRoot  /www/130#ServerName    192.168.12.130
#</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.12.130:80>DocumentRoot  /www/xiaopangServerName    www.xiaopang.com
</VirtualHost><VirtualHost 192.168.12.130:80>DocumentRoot  /www/dapangServerName    www.dapang.com
</VirtualHost><Directory /www>AllowOverride noneRequire all granted
</Directory>

3、根据配置文件创建对应的资源（文件）

[root@redhat ~]# mkdir -p /www/{xiaopang,dapang}
[root@redhat ~]# echo this is xiaopang > /www/xiaopang/index.html
[root@redhat ~]# echo this is dapang > /www/dapang/index.html

4、重启httpd服务

[root@redhat ~]# systemctl restart httpd

5、临时关闭SELinux

设置SELinux 成为permissive模式临时关闭selinux的

[root@redhat ~]# setenforce 0

6、进入我们的主机配置

[root@redhat ~]# vim /etc/hosts

7、在里面添加我们的ip与域名

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.12.130 www.xiaopang.com
192.168.12.130 www.dapang.com

8、使用curl命令查看网页资源

[root@redhat ~]# curl www.xiaopang.com
this is xiaopang
[root@redhat ~]# curl www.dapang.com
this is dapang

如果要想在Windows的网页实现访问
则需要用nodepad++打开我们C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc下的hosts文件，因为我们在对此文件进行操作时会需要权限而nodepad++刚好解决了这个问题，添加我们的IP 然后是对应的域名

网页输入域名结果如下