1.概述， 事务管理， 编程式和说明式事务管理

2. 事务属性

传播行为:

隔离级别

只读

若对数据库只进行读操作，可设置事务只读的属性，使用某些优化措施。数据库会进行优化处理。若使用hibernate作为持久化机制，声明一个只读事务会使hibernate的flush模式设置为FLUSH_NEVER。避免不必要的数据同步，将所有更新延迟到事务的结束。

事务超时

若事务在长时间的运行，会不必要的占用数据库资源。设置超时后，会在指定的时间片回滚。将那些具有可能启动新事务的传播行为的方法的事务设置超时才有意义(PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW,PROPAGATION_NESTED)。

回滚规则

3. 示例代码

Customer.java， javabean 对象

public class Customer {private Integer id ;private String name ;private Integer age ;public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Integer getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}
}

Customer.hbm.xml ，映射配置文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping><class name="cn.itcast.spring.domain.Customer" table="customers" lazy="false"><id name="id" column="id" type="integer"><generator class="identity" /></id><property name="name" column="name" type="string" not-null="true"/><property name="age" column="age" type="integer" /></class>
</hibernate-mapping>

CustomerDao.java， dao层接口

public interface CustomerDao {public void insertCustomer(Customer c);public void updateCustomer(Customer c);public List<Customer> findCustomerByName(String name);//批量保存//public void saveCustomers(List<Customer> list);
}

CustomerDaoImpl.java，dao接口 模板实现

/*** CustomerDaoImpl*/
public class CustomerDaoImpl implements CustomerDao {//hibernate模板,封装样板代码private HibernateTemplate ht ;public void setHt(HibernateTemplate ht) {this.ht = ht;}public List<Customer> findCustomerByName(String name) {String hql = "from Customer c where c.name = ?";return ht.find(hql, name);}public void insertCustomer(Customer c) {ht.save(c);}public void updateCustomer(Customer c) {ht.update(c);}/*** 批量保存*/
//  public void saveCustomers(final List<Customer> list) {
//      ht.execute(new HibernateCallback(){
//          public Object doInHibernate(Session session)
//                  throws HibernateException, SQLException {
//              Transaction tx = null;
//              try {
//                  tx = session.beginTransaction();
//                  for(Customer c : list){
//                      session.save(c);
//                  }
//                  tx.commit();
//              } catch (Exception e) {
//                  tx.rollback();
//                  e.printStackTrace();
//              }
//              return null;
//          }});
//  }
}

CustomerDaoSupportImpl.java ， dao接口 HibernateDaoSupport 实现

/*** CustomerDaoImpl*/
public class CustomerDaoSupportImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements CustomerDao {public List<Customer> findCustomerByName(String name) {String hql = "from Customer c where c.name = ?";return getHibernateTemplate().find(hql, name);}public void insertCustomer(Customer c) {getHibernateTemplate().save(c);}public void updateCustomer(Customer c) {getHibernateTemplate().update(c);}public void saveCustomers(List<Customer> list) {// TODO Auto-generated method stub}
}

CustomerService.java，service层接口

public interface CustomerService {public void insertCustomer(Customer c);public void updateCustomer(Customer c);public List<Customer> findCustomerByName(String name);//批量保存public void saveCustomers(List<Customer> list);
}

CustomerServiceImpl.java， service层接口实现， 编程式事务管理

public class CustomerServiceImpl implements CustomerService {//daoprivate CustomerDao dao ;//事务模板,封装事务管理的样板代码private TransactionTemplate tt ;//注入事务模板public void setTt(TransactionTemplate tt) {this.tt = tt;}//注入daopublic void setDao(CustomerDao dao) {this.dao = dao;}public List<Customer> findCustomerByName(String name) {return dao.findCustomerByName(name);}public void insertCustomer(Customer c) {dao.insertCustomer(c);}/*** 批量保存, 编程式事务管理*/public void saveCustomers(final List<Customer> list) {
//      for(Customer c : list){
//          dao.insertCustomer(c);
//      }tt.execute(new TransactionCallback(){public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {try {for(Customer c : list){dao.insertCustomer(c);}} catch (RuntimeException e) {e.printStackTrace();//设置回滚status.setRollbackOnly();}return null;}});}public void updateCustomer(Customer c) {dao.updateCustomer(c);}
}

CustomerServiceDeclareImpl.java ， service层接口实现， 声明式事务管理

/*** 声明式事务管理,通过aop框架实现*/
public class CustomerServiceDeclareImpl implements CustomerService {//daoprivate CustomerDao dao ;//注入daopublic void setDao(CustomerDao dao) {this.dao = dao;}public List<Customer> findCustomerByName(String name) {return dao.findCustomerByName(name);}public void insertCustomer(Customer c) {dao.insertCustomer(c);}/*** 批量保存, 编程式事务管理*/public void saveCustomers(final List<Customer> list) {for(Customer c : list){dao.insertCustomer(c);}}public void updateCustomer(Customer c) {dao.updateCustomer(c);}
}

jdbc.properties， 数据库配置信息

jdbc.driverclass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=rootc3p0.pool.size.max=10
c3p0.pool.size.min=2
c3p0.pool.size.ini=3
c3p0.pool.size.increment=2hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
hibernate.show_sql=true
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=none

sh.xml， spring配置文件，编程式

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd "><!-- 指定分散配置的文件的位置 --><context:property-placeholder location="classpath:cn/itcast/spring/hibernate/jdbc.properties"/><!-- 配置c3p0数据源 --><bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"><property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverclass}" /><property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /><property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" /><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /><property name="maxPoolSize" value="${c3p0.pool.size.max}" /><property name="minPoolSize" value="${c3p0.pool.size.min}" /><property name="initialPoolSize" value="${c3p0.pool.size.ini}" /><property name="acquireIncrement" value="${c3p0.pool.size.increment}" /></bean><!-- 本地回话工厂bean,spring整合hibernate的核心入口 --><bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /><!-- 指定hibernate自身的属性 --><property name="hibernateProperties"><props><prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop><prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop><prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop></props></property><!-- 方式一：映射资源文件的位置<property name="mappingResources"><list><value>classpath:cn/itcast/spring/domain/Customer.hbm.xml</value></list></property>--><!--方式二--><property name="mappingDirectoryLocations"><list><value>classpath:cn/itcast/spring/domain</value></list></property><!--方式二：使用hibernate自身的配置文件配置<property name="configLocations"><list><value>classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml</value></list></property>--></bean><!-- hibernate模板,封装样板代码 --><bean id="ht" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean><!-- customerDao --><bean id="customerDao" class="cn.itcast.spring.hibernate.CustomerDaoImpl"><property name="ht" ref="ht" /></bean><!-- hibernate事务管理器,在service层面上实现事务管理,而且达到平台无关性 --><bean id="htm" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean><!-- 事务模板,封装了事务管理的样板代码 --><bean id="tt" class="org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate"><property name="transactionManager" ref="htm" /></bean><!-- customerService --><bean id="customerService" class="cn.itcast.spring.hibernate.CustomerServiceImpl"><property name="dao" ref="customerDao" /><property name="tt" ref="tt" /></bean><!-- ************************ daoSupport ******************** --><bean id="customerDaoSupport" class="cn.itcast.spring.hibernate.CustomerDaoSupportImpl"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean>
</beans>

shDeclare.xml， spring配置文件，声明式

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd "><!-- 指定分散配置的文件的位置 --><context:property-placeholder location="classpath:cn/itcast/spring/hibernate/jdbc.properties"/><!-- 配置c3p0数据源 --><bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"><property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverclass}" /><property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /><property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" /><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /><property name="maxPoolSize" value="${c3p0.pool.size.max}" /><property name="minPoolSize" value="${c3p0.pool.size.min}" /><property name="initialPoolSize" value="${c3p0.pool.size.ini}" /><property name="acquireIncrement" value="${c3p0.pool.size.increment}" /></bean><!-- 本地回话工厂bean,spring整合hibernate的核心入口 --><bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /><!-- 指定hibernate自身的属性 --><property name="hibernateProperties"><props><prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop><prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop><prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop></props></property><!-- 映射资源文件的位置<property name="mappingResources"><list><value>classpath:cn/itcast/spring/domain/Customer.hbm.xml</value></list></property>--><property name="mappingDirectoryLocations"><list><value>classpath:cn/itcast/spring/domain</value></list></property><!-- 使用hibernate自身的配置文件配置<property name="configLocations"><list><value>classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml</value></list></property>--></bean><!-- hibernate模板,封装样板代码 --><bean id="ht" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean><!-- customerDao --><bean id="customerDao" class="cn.itcast.spring.hibernate.CustomerDaoImpl"><property name="ht" ref="ht" /></bean><!-- hibernate事务管理器,在service层面上实现事务管理,而且达到平台无关性 --><bean id="htm" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean><!-- customerService,目标对象 --><bean id="customerServiceTarget" class="cn.itcast.spring.hibernate.CustomerServiceDeclareImpl"><property name="dao" ref="customerDao" /></bean><!-- 代理对象 --><bean id="customerService" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"><!-- 注入事务管理器 --><property name="transactionManager" ref="htm" /><property name="proxyInterfaces"><list><value>cn.itcast.spring.hibernate.CustomerService</value></list></property><property name="target" ref="customerServiceTarget" /><!-- 事务属性集(设置事务策略的), 事务属性：传播行为，隔离级别，只读，超时，回滚规则 --><property name="transactionAttributes"><props><prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT</prop><prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT</prop><prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT</prop><prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT</prop><!--对数据库只进行读操作，可设置事务只读的属性，使用某些优化措施。数据库会进行优化处理。--><prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT,readOnly</prop><prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT,readOnly</prop><prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT,readOnly</prop><prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT,readOnly</prop></props></property></bean>
</beans>

AppService.java 测试代码1

public class AppService {public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("cn/itcast/spring/hibernate/sh.xml");CustomerService cs = (CustomerService) ac.getBean("customerService");List<Customer> list = new ArrayList<Customer>();Customer c = null ;for(int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++){c = new Customer();if(i == 9){c.setName(null);}else{c.setName("tom" + i);}c.setAge(20 + i);list.add(c);}cs.saveCustomers(list);}}

AppServiceDeclare.java 测试代码二

public class AppServiceDeclare {public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("cn/itcast/spring/hibernate/shDeclare.xml");CustomerService cs = (CustomerService) ac.getBean("customerService");List<Customer> list = new ArrayList<Customer>();Customer c = null ;for(int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++){c = new Customer();if(i == 9){c.setName(null);}else{c.setName("tom" + i);}c.setAge(20 + i);list.add(c);}cs.saveCustomers(list);}}