/***  注册外部服务*/
$app->register(Dingo\Api\Provider\LumenServiceProvider::class);
$app->register(Barryvdh\LaravelIdeHelper\IdeHelperServiceProvider::class);
$app->register(Maatwebsite\Excel\ExcelServiceProvider::class);/***   注册内部服务*/
$app->register(App\Providers\User\UserServiceProvider::class);
$app->register(App\Providers\Validate\ValidateServiceProvider::class);
$app->register(App\Providers\Cache\CacheServiceProvider::class);

    /*** Register a service provider with the application.(申请登记服务提供商)** @param  \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider|string  $provider* @return \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider*/public function register($provider){　　　　if (! $provider instanceof ServiceProvider) {　　$provider = new $provider($this);}if (array_key_exists($providerName = get_class($provider), $this->loadedProviders)) {return;}$this->loadedProviders[$providerName] = true;if (method_exists($provider, 'register')) {$provider->register();}if (method_exists($provider, 'boot')) {return $this->call([$provider, 'boot']);}}

    /*** Call the given Closure / class@method and inject its dependencies.（调用给定的闭包/类@方法并注入它的依赖项。）** @param  callable|string  $callback* @param  array  $parameters* @param  string|null  $defaultMethod* @return mixed*/public function call($callback, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null){return BoundMethod::call($this, $callback, $parameters, $defaultMethod);}

/*** Call the given Closure / class@method and inject its dependencies.(调用给定的闭包/类@方法并注入它的依赖项。)** @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container  $container* @param  callable|string  $callback* @param  array  $parameters* @param  string|null  $defaultMethod* @return mixed*/public static function call($container, $callback, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null){if (static::isCallableWithAtSign($callback) || $defaultMethod) {return static::callClass($container, $callback, $parameters, $defaultMethod);}return static::callBoundMethod($container, $callback, function () use ($container, $callback, $parameters) {return call_user_func_array($callback, static::getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, $parameters));});}

    /*** Determine if the given string is in Class@method syntax.（确定给定的字符串是类”方法的语法。）** @param  mixed  $callback* @return bool*/protected static function isCallableWithAtSign($callback){return is_string($callback) && strpos($callback, '@') !== false;}

    /*** Call a method that has been bound to the container.（调用已绑定到容器的方法。）** @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container  $container* @param  callable  $callback* @param  mixed  $default* @return mixed*/protected static function callBoundMethod($container, $callback, $default){if (! is_array($callback)) {return $default instanceof Closure ? $default() : $default;}// Here we need to turn the array callable into a Class@method string we can use to// examine the container and see if there are any method bindings for this given// method. If there are, we can call this method binding callback immediately.$method = static::normalizeMethod($callback);if ($container->hasMethodBinding($method)) {return $container->callMethodBinding($method, $callback[0]);}return $default instanceof Closure ? $default() : $default;}

return static::callBoundMethod($container, $callback, function () use ($container, $callback, $parameters) {return call_user_func_array($callback, static::getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, $parameters));});

    /*** Get all dependencies for a given method.（获取给定方法的所有依赖项。）** @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container* @param  callable|string  $callback* @param  array  $parameters* @return array*/protected static function getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, array $parameters = []){$dependencies = [];foreach (static::getCallReflector($callback)->getParameters() as $parameter) {static::addDependencyForCallParameter($container, $parameter, $parameters, $dependencies);}return array_merge($dependencies, $parameters);}

return call_user_func_array($callback, []);

$callback = [$provider, 'boot'];