单元测试利器

为什么会有这篇blog呢，起因上周末看了一个朋友的代码。

结果随便打开他们的测试用例，看一下，这是嘛？

周末补了一下这块的空缺，学无止尽嘛：大致看了一下主体还是很简单的，

官网地址：https://site.mockito.org/

GitHub地址：https://github.com/hehonghui/mockito-doc-zh#0

文档地址：https://javadoc.io/static/org.mockito/mockito-core/3.3.3/org/mockito/Mockito.html

springboot快速搭建一个web项目，用作编写测试用例代码

测试用例 - mockmvc

测试用例 - Mockito

springboot快速搭建一个web项目，用作编写测试用例代码

pom.xml（基于boot2.x，已经内置junit5跟mock了）

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

花几分钟写一个添加用户的功能，DB操作就直接写伪sql了，为啥？因为我懒...

controller

package com.mock.demo.controller;import com.mock.demo.entry.User;
import com.mock.demo.service.SmsService;
import com.mock.demo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import static com.mock.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.userMap;/*** @author 954L* @create 2020/3/24 20:44*/
@RestController
public class UserController {@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;@Autowiredprivate SmsService smsService;@PostMapping("user")public Map<String, Object> addAndSendSms(@RequestBody User user,@RequestParam(value = "sendSmsType", defaultValue = "0")Integer sendSmsType) {Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();String name = user.getName();// 发送注册短信boolean status = sendSmsType.equals(1) ? smsService.sendSms() : true;// 查重 & 添加if (status) status = userMap.get(name) != null ?false : userService.add(user);result.put("status", status);return result;}@DeleteMapping("user/{name}")public Map<String, Object> del(@PathVariable("name") String name){Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();// 先添加，再删除userService.add(User.builder().name(name).build());boolean status = userService.del(name) ;result.put("status", status);return result;}}

service

package com.mock.demo.service;import com.mock.demo.entry.User;/*** @author 954L* @create 2020/3/24 20:47*/
public interface UserService {boolean add(User user);boolean del(String name);}

package com.mock.demo.service;/*** @author 954L* @create 2020/3/24 20:39*/
public interface SmsService {boolean sendSms();}

impl

package com.mock.demo.service.impl;import com.mock.demo.entry.User;
import com.mock.demo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;/*** @author 954L* @create 2020/3/24 20:47*/
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {public static Map<String, User> userMap = new ConcurrentHashMap();@Overridepublic boolean add(User user) {// 添加用户userMap.put(user.getName(), user);return userMap.containsKey(user.getName());}@Overridepublic boolean del(String name) {userMap.remove(name);return !userMap.containsKey(name);}}

package com.mock.demo.service.impl;import com.mock.demo.service.SmsService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/*** @author 954L* @create 2020/3/24 20:39*/
@Service
public class SmsServiceImpl implements SmsService {/*** 提供给mockito测试模拟对象，返回true* @return*/public boolean sendSms(){// 无短信功能return false;}}

entity（代码包名写错了，将就下）

package com.mock.demo.entry;import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.experimental.Tolerate;/*** @author 954L* @create 2020/3/24 20:46*/
@Data
@Builder
public class User {private String name;private Integer age;@Toleratepublic User(){}}

测试用例 - mockmvc

mockmvc

模拟web程序发送一个请求

方法说明

mockMvc.perform 执行一个请求

MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("XXX") 构造一个请求

ResultActions.param 添加请求传值

ResultActions.accept()) 执行一个请求如MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE

ResultActions.andExpect 添加执行完成后的断言。等同于 Assert.assertEquals

ResultActions.andDo 添加一个结果处理器，表示要对结果做点什么事情，比如此处使用MockMvcResultHandlers.print()输出整个响应结果信息

ResultActions.andReturn 表示执行完成后返回相应的结果。

方法	说明
mockMvc.perform	执行一个请求
MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("XXX")	构造一个请求
ResultActions.param	添加请求传值
ResultActions.accept())	执行一个请求如MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE
ResultActions.andExpect	添加执行完成后的断言。等同于 `Assert.assertEquals`
ResultActions.andDo	添加一个结果处理器，表示要对结果做点什么事情，比如此处使用MockMvcResultHandlers.print()输出整个响应结果信息
ResultActions.andReturn	表示执行完成后返回相应的结果。

controllerMockMvcTest

package com.mock.demo.controller;import com.mock.demo.MockApplication;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;/*** @author 954L* @create 2020/3/24 20:03*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = MockApplication.class)
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class UserControllerMockMvcTest {@Autowiredprivate MockMvc mockMvc;@Testvoid add() throws Exception {JSONObject paramJson = new JSONObject();paramJson.put("name", "Tony");paramJson.put("age", "18");mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8).content(paramJson.toString()).accept(MediaType.ALL)).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());}@Testvoid del() throws Exception {mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/user/Tony").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8).accept(MediaType.ALL)).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());}}

测试用例 - Mockito

mockito

模拟外部依赖，将模拟产生的外部依赖数据与测试代码一起执行

方法说明

Mockito.mock(classToMock) 模拟对象

Mockito.verify(mock) 验证行为是否发生

Mockito.when(methodCall).thenReturn(value1).thenReturn(value2) 触发时第一次返回value1，第n次都返回value2

Mockito.doThrow(toBeThrown).when(mock).[method] 模拟抛出异常。

Mockito.mock(classToMock,defaultAnswer) 使用默认Answer模拟对象

Mockito.when(methodCall).thenReturn(value) 参数匹配

Mockito.doReturn(toBeReturned).when(mock).[method]
参数匹配（直接执行不判断）

Mockito.when(methodCall).thenAnswer(answer)) 预期回调接口生成期望值

Mockito.doAnswer(answer).when(methodCall).[method] 预期回调接口生成期望值（直接执行不判断）

Mockito.spy(Object) 用spy监控真实对象,设置真实对象行为

Mockito.doNothing().when(mock).[method] 不做任何返回

Mockito.doCallRealMethod().when(mock).[method] //等价于Mockito.when(mock.[method]).thenCallRealMethod();
调用真实的方法

reset(mock) 重置mock

方法	说明
Mockito.mock(classToMock)	模拟对象
Mockito.verify(mock)	验证行为是否发生
Mockito.when(methodCall).thenReturn(value1).thenReturn(value2)	触发时第一次返回value1，第n次都返回value2
Mockito.doThrow(toBeThrown).when(mock).[method]	模拟抛出异常。
Mockito.mock(classToMock,defaultAnswer)	使用默认Answer模拟对象
Mockito.when(methodCall).thenReturn(value)	参数匹配
Mockito.doReturn(toBeReturned).when(mock).[method]	参数匹配（直接执行不判断）
Mockito.when(methodCall).thenAnswer(answer))	预期回调接口生成期望值
Mockito.doAnswer(answer).when(methodCall).[method]	预期回调接口生成期望值（直接执行不判断）
Mockito.spy(Object)	用spy监控真实对象,设置真实对象行为
Mockito.doNothing().when(mock).[method]	不做任何返回
Mockito.doCallRealMethod().when(mock).[method] //等价于Mockito.when(mock.[method]).thenCallRealMethod();	调用真实的方法
reset(mock)	重置mock

controllerMockItoTest

package com.mock.demo.controller;import com.mock.demo.MockApplication;
import com.mock.demo.entry.User;
import com.mock.demo.service.SmsService;
import com.mock.demo.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import static com.mock.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.userMap;/*** @author 954L* @create 2020/3/24 20:03*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = MockApplication.class)
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
class UserControllerMockItoTest {@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;@Testvoid add() {// 测试添加用户service层，因为依赖短信功能，故这里模拟短信service功能SmsService smsService = Mockito.mock(SmsService.class);// 当执行smsService.sendSms()，模拟返回trueMockito.when(smsService.sendSms()).thenReturn(true);User user = User.builder().name("testName").age(20).build();String name = user.getName();// 发送注册短信boolean status = smsService.sendSms();// 查重 & 添加if (status) status = userMap.get(name) != null ?false : userService.add(user);Assert.assertTrue(status);}}

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