系统

uname -a # 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息head -n 1 /etc/issue #查看操作系统版本cat /proc/cpuinfo #查看CPU信息hostname #查看计算机名lspci -tv #列出所有PCI设备lsusb -tv #列出所有USB设备lsmod #列出加载的内核模块env # 查看环境变量

资源

free -m #查看内存使用量和交换区使用量df -h #查看各分区使用情况du -sh #查看指定目录的大小grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo #查看内存总量grep MemFree /proc/meminfo #查看空闲内存量uptime #查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载cat /proc/loadavg # 查看系统负载

磁盘和分区

mount | column -t #查看挂接的分区状态fdisk -l #查看所有分区swapon -s #查看所有交换分区hdparm -i /dev/hda # 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)

dmesg | grep IDE # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况

网络

ifconfig #查看所有网络接口的属性iptables -L #查看防火墙设置route -n #查看路由表netstat -lntp #查看所有监听端口netstat -antp #查看所有已经建立的连接netstat -s # 查看网络统计信息

进程

ps -ef #查看所有进程top # 实时显示进程状态

用户

w #查看活动用户id #查看指定用户信息last #查看用户登录日志cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd #查看系统所有用户cut -d: -f1 /etc/group #查看系统所有组crontab -l # 查看当前用户的计划任务

服务

chkconfig --list #列出所有系统服务chkconfig --list | grep on # 列出所有启动的系统服务

程序

rpm -qa # 查看所有安装的软件包

查看网卡型号

lspci | grep Ethernet

00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567V-2 Gigabit Network Connection

查看硬盘信息(查看硬盘型号和硬盘序列号)：

df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda5 2.0G 272M 1.6G 15% /

/dev/sda8 199G 188M 189G 1% /home/dev/sda3 9.7G 1.3G 7.9G 15% /usr/dev/sda2 9.7G 198M 9.0G 3% /var/dev/sda1 99M 17M 77M 18% /boot

hdparm -i /dev/sda

/dev/sda:

Model=SAMSUNG HE253GJ , FwRev=1AJ30001, SerialNo=S2B5J90ZC12060

Config={ Fixed }

RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=?16?

CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=268435455IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}

PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4

DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2

UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2

AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=enabled

Drive conforms to: unknown: ATA/ATAPI-0 ATA/ATAPI-1 ATA/ATAPI-2 ATA/ATAPI-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATA/ATAPI-5 ATA/ATAPI-6 ATA/ATAPI-7* signifies the current activemode

dmesg | grep ATA

ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf190 ctl 0xf180 bmdma 0xf150 irq 185ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf170 ctl 0xf160 bmdma 0xf158 irq 185ata1: SATA link up3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)ata1.00: ATA-8: SAMSUNG HE253GJ, 1AJ30001, max UDMA/133ata2: SATA link down(SStatus 0 SControl 300)Vendor: ATA Model: SAMSUNG HE253GJ Rev: 1AJ3

ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf130 ctl 0xf120 bmdma 0xf0f0 irq 185ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf110 ctl 0xf100 bmdma 0xf0f8 irq 185ata3: SATA link down(SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata4: SATA link down(SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata5: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0xe040 ctl 0xe030 bmdma 0xe000 irq 177

查看主板型号：

dmidecode | more

# dmidecode 2.10SMBIOS2.4 present.

57 structures occupying 2318 bytes.Table at0x000E84B0.Handle0x0000, DMI type 0, 24bytes

BIOS Information

Vendor: Intel Corp.Version: GTG4310H.86A.0019.2009.0625.1334ReleaseDate: 06/25/2009

.....System Information 服务器品牌

Manufacturer:

Product Name: (没有信息表示非品牌或未识别)

Version:

Serial Number:

UUID: 889BD67E-8D96-11DE-AC40-0013D4D9C9E8

Wake-upType: Power Switch

SKU Number:NotSpecified

Family:NotSpecified

Handle0x0002, DMI type 2, 15bytes

Base Board Information 主板型号/主板信息

Manufacturer: Intel Corporation

Product Name: DG43GT

Version: AAE62768-300Serial Number: BTGT9340022N

Processor Information CPU信息/CPU型号/CPU主频

Socket Designation: PROCESSORType: Central Processor

Family: Pentium D

Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corp.ID: 7A06 01 00FF FB EB BF

Signature:Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E6500 @ 2.93GHz

Voltage:1.2V

External Clock:266MHz

Max Speed:4000MHz

Current Speed:2931MHz

Status: Populated,Enabled

Upgrade: Socket LGA775CacheInformation 硬件和CPU缓存情况

Socket Designation: L1-CacheConfiguration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1OperationalMode: Write Back

Location: Internal

Installed Size:32kB

Maximum Size:32kB

BIOS Language Information BIOS语言

Installable Languages:1en|US|iso8859-1Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1Physical Memory Array 主板最大支持内存

Location: System Board Or MotherboardUse: System Memory

Error CorrectionType: None

Maximum Capacity:16GB

Error Information Handle:NotProvided

Number Of Devices:4Handle0x002C, DMI type 19, 15bytes

Memory Array Mapped Address 目前的内存

Starting Address:0x00000000000Ending Address:0x000FFFFFFFFRange Size:4GB

Physical Array Handle:0x002BPartition Width:0

On Board DeviceInformation 显卡型号Type: Video

Status: Enabled

Description: Intelr GMA X4500 VideoDevice

参考：