上次做了一个双色球的数据爬取，其实大乐透的爬取也很简单，使用request就可以爬取，但是为了更好的进步，这次爬取大乐透采用了scrapy框架。

scrapy框架的运行机制不介绍了，不懂的先去google了解下吧；

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一、创建项目

我使用的是windows进行开发的，所以需要在windows上安装好scrapy；假设已安装好该框架；

1、打开cmd，运行

scrapy startproject lottery_spider

命令，会在命令运行的文件下生成一个lottery_spider的项目

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2、再执行 cd lottery_spider 进入lottery_spider项目，执行

scrapy gensiper lottery "www.lottery.gov.cn"

lottery 为爬虫文件；

www.lottery.gov.cn 为目标网站；

创建完毕后会在项目的 spider文件夹下生成爬虫文件： lottery.py

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二、项目内的各个文件代码

1、items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items

#

# See documentation in:

# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy

class LotterySpiderItem(scrapy.Item):

qihao = scrapy.Field()

bule_ball = scrapy.Field()

red_ball = scrapy.Field()

此文件定义了数据的模型，就是数据的参数；qihao、bule_ball、red_ball ；

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2、lottery.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import scrapy

from lottery_spider.items import LotterySpiderItem

class LotterySpider(scrapy.Spider):

name = 'lottery'

allowed_domains = ['gov.cn'] #允许爬虫爬取目标网站的域名，此域名之外的不会爬取；

start_urls = ['http://www.lottery.gov.cn/historykj/history_1.jspx?_ltype=dlt'] #起始页；从合格web开始爬取；

def parse(self, response):

#使用xpath获取数据前的路径，返回一个list的格式数据；

results = response.xpath("//div[@class='yylMain']//div[@class='result']//tbody//tr")

for result in results: #results数据需要for循环遍历；

qihao = result.xpath(".//td[1]//text()").get()

bule_ball_1 = result.xpath(".//td[2]//text()").get()

bule_ball_2 = result.xpath(".//td[3]//text()").get()

bule_ball_3 = result.xpath(".//td[4]//text()").get()

bule_ball_4 = result.xpath(".//td[5]//text()").get()

bule_ball_5 = result.xpath(".//td[6]//text()").get()

red_ball_1 = result.xpath(".//td[7]//text()").get()

red_ball_2 = result.xpath(".//td[8]//text()").get()

bule_ball_list = [] #定义一个列表，用于存储五个蓝球

bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_1)

bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_2)

bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_3)

bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_4)

bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_5)

red_ball_list = [] #定义一个列表，用于存储2个红球

red_ball_list.append(red_ball_1)

red_ball_list.append(red_ball_2)

print("===================================================")

print("❤期号："+ str(qihao) + " ❤" + "蓝球："+ str(bule_ball_list) + " ❤" + "红球" + str(red_ball_list))

item = LotterySpiderItem(qihao = qihao,bule_ball = bule_ball_list,red_ball = red_ball_list)

yield item

next_url = response.xpath("//div[@class='page']/div/a[3]/@href").get()

if not next_url:

return

else:

last_url = "http://www.lottery.gov.cn/historykj/" + next_url

yield scrapy.Request(last_url,callback=self.parse) #这里调用parse方法的时候不用加();

此文件是运行的爬虫文件；

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3、pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here

#

# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting

# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

import json

class LotterySpiderPipeline(object):

def __init__(self):

print("爬虫开始......")

self.fp = open("daletou.json", 'w', encoding='utf-8') # 打开一个json文件

def process_item(self, item, spider):

item_json = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) #注意此处的item，需要dict来进行序列化；

self.fp.write(item_json + '\n')

return item

def close_spider(self,spider):

self.fp.close()

print("爬虫结束......")

此文件负责数据的保存，代码中将数据保存为了json数据；

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4、settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for lottery_spider project

#

# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or

# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:

#

# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html

# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html

# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'lottery_spider'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['lottery_spider.spiders']

NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'lottery_spider.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent

#USER_AGENT = 'lottery_spider (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False #False，不去寻找网站设置的rebots.txt文件；

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay

# See also autothrottle settings and docs

DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1 #配置爬虫速度，1秒一次

# The download delay setting will honor only one of:

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)

#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)

#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:

DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { #配置爬虫的请求头，模拟浏览器请求；

'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',

'Accept-Language': 'en',

'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.120 Safari/537.36'

}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {

# 'lottery_spider.middlewares.LotterySpiderSpiderMiddleware': 543,

#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html

#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {

# 'lottery_spider.middlewares.LotterySpiderDownloaderMiddleware': 543,

#}

# Enable or disable extensions

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html

#EXTENSIONS = {

# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,

#}

# Configure item pipelines

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

ITEM_PIPELINES = { #取消此配置的注释，让pipelines.py可以运行；

'lottery_spider.pipelines.LotterySpiderPipeline': 300,

}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html

#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True

# The initial download delay

#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5

# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies

#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60

# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to

# each remote server

#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0

# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:

#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)

# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings

#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True

#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0

#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'

#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []

#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

此文件是整个爬虫项目的运行配置文件；

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5、start.py

from scrapy import cmdline

cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl lottery".split())

#等价于 ↓

# cmdline.execute(["scrapy","crawl","xiaoshuo"])

此文件是新建的文件，配置后就不用cmd中执行命令运行项目了；