Nginx(PHP/fastcgi)的PATH_INFO配置

NginxPHPfastcgi的PATH_INFO配置
- NginxPHPfastcgi的PATHINFO配置
- 方案一php内置解析
- 方案二nginx正则解析

Nginx(PHP/fastcgi)的PATHINFO配置

PATHINFO是一个CGI 1.1的标准，经常用来做为传参载体，在Apache中, 当不加配置的时候, 对于PHP脚本, AcceptPathInfo是默认接受的，而对于Nginx下, 是不支持PATHINFO 的, 也就是需要设置才能使用PATHINFO模式.

我们可以使用PATH_INFO来代替Rewrite来实现伪静态页面, 很多PHP框架也使用PATHINFO模式来作为路由载体

Apache 默认设置PATHINFO原理分析

对于请求 http://wangying.sinaapp.com/tools/index.php/login/index

Apache都接受, 都会认为是对index.php的访问, 并会设置PATH_INFO为’/login/index’

print_r($_SERVER[“PATH_INFO”]);//login/index

nginx 模拟PATH_INFO

Nginx是通过对文件名的扩展名匹配,来决定是否要交给php cgi服务器去解释的.在nginx.conf中一般都有如下的默认配置段:

location ~ .php$ {
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
include fastcgi_params;
}

对于形如tools/index.php/login/index这样的文件路径, Nginx正则匹配为路径而不是php文件. 所以我们需要去掉($)改写这段配置匹配扩展名:

location ~ .php {
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
include fastcgi_params;
}

现在, 脚本路径已经交由PHP自己处理了. 那怎么增加PATH_INFO呢?

方案一：php内置解析

我们需要打开PHP中cgi.fix_pathinfo配置项, 打开这个配置项以后, PHP会去根据CGI规范来检查SCRIPT_FILENAME中那部分是访问脚本和PATH_INFO(ini配置解释), 并根据SCRIPT_NAME来修改PATH_INFO(和PATH_TRANSLATED)为正确的值然后, 就只要添加一个FASTCGI_PARAM项就好了:

location ~ .php {
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
}

方案二：nginx正则解析

上面的解决方法, 把对路径的分析交给了PHP去处理,下面是由Nginx来分析路径(也就不需要fix_pathinfo)，两种配置方案

#配置方案 使用nginx模块fastcgi_split_path_info（nginx版本>0.7.31）
location ~ \.php {
fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index  index.php;
#先加载默认后解析赋值
include        fastcgi_params;
#正则解析路径
fastcgi_split_path_info ^((?U).+\.php)(/?.+)$;
fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO        $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}

/*
fastcgi_split_path_info
语法：fastcgi_split_path_info regex
使用字段：location
可用版本：0.7.31以上
这个指令允许为CGI specification设置SCRIPT_FILENAME、SCRIPT_NAME、PATH_INFO变量。正则包含两个组:
处理请求的脚本路径–>对应$fastcgi_script_name
脚本参数的值–>      对应$fastcgi_path_info
*/
location ~ ^.+\.php {
(...)
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO       $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;
(...)
}
/*
示例请求”/show.php/article/0001”的参数SCRIPT_FILENAME将设置为”/path/to/php/show.php”，参数PATH_INFO为”/article/0001”*/

#配置方案2
#由于nginx内建只读变量$fastcgi_script_name无法赋值，所有通过设置$real_script_name变量来做中间值
location ~ \.php {
fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index  index.php;
#先加载默认后解析赋值
include        fastcgi_params;
#正则解析路径
set $path_info "";
set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?\.php)(/.+)$") {
set $real_script_name $1;
set $path_info $2;
}
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO       $path_info;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME     $real_script_name;
}

/*nginx 把nginx解析url变量赋值给fastcgi_param,php通过$_SERVER获取fastcgi_param中的所有变量值 */
Array
(
[USER] => www
[HOME] => /home/www
[FCGI_ROLE] => RESPONDER
[QUERY_STRING] =>
[REQUEST_METHOD] => GET
[CONTENT_TYPE] =>
[CONTENT_LENGTH] =>
[SCRIPT_NAME] => /demos/doitnote/index.php  //重点关注
[REQUEST_URI] => /demos/doitnote/index.php/login/index
[DOCUMENT_URI] => /demos/doitnote/index.php/login/index
[DOCUMENT_ROOT] => /mnt/hgfs/vmhtml/doitphp
[SERVER_PROTOCOL] => HTTP/1.1
[GATEWAY_INTERFACE] => CGI/1.1
[SERVER_SOFTWARE] => nginx/1.1.19
[REMOTE_ADDR] => 192.168.127.1
[REMOTE_PORT] => 60422
[SERVER_ADDR] => 192.168.127.10
[SERVER_PORT] => 80
[SERVER_NAME] => www.doitphp.loc
[REDIRECT_STATUS] => 200
[PATH_INFO] => /login/index  //重点关注
[SCRIPT_FILENAME] => /mnt/hgfs/vmhtml/doitphp/demos/doitnote/index.php  //重点关注
[HTTP_HOST] => www.doitphp.loc
[HTTP_USER_AGENT] => Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0
[HTTP_ACCEPT] => text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
[HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE] => zh-cn,zh;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
[HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING] => gzip, deflate
[HTTP_CONNECTION] => keep-alive
[HTTP_REFERER] => http://www.doitphp.loc/demos/doitnote/
[HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL] => max-age=0
[PHP_SELF] => /demos/doitnote/index.php/login/index
[REQUEST_TIME] => 1354246274
)