STM32F072RB 实作笔记（七）- LCD 1602 的使用

STM32F072RB 模拟板，本身没有显示器，如果能加装一个，那么在实验的时候可以监看程式进行状态就方便许多了。于是我就用手边的 LCD 1602，做一个试试！以下就是整个过程。

LCD1602 规格資料

LCD1602 是一个非常普遍的材料，规格同一，书面資料也是相互抄袭，从网络上很轻易的就能找到，我这里附上的是英文的資料，中文資料可以自己再去找找。
LCD 1602 硬件长相

接脚定义

一个很重要的指令表
写程式的时候会一直参考这个表格，特别要注意 RS 和 R/W 这两个脚位的讯号变化。

各个指令的说明

编写属于 LCD1602 的 command 档
我依照 LCD 1602 的指令规定，逐个编写指令放置在 LCD1602_cmd.c 的档案里。内容包刮 F072BR 的接脚定义，以下列了几个觉得是重要的：
a. void GPIO_Configuration(void);// 设定GPIOC 和 GPIOB 的脚位定义；
b. void GPIO_Write(u8 temp); //写（输出讯号时候）脚位要重新定义；
c. void LCD1602_Init(void);// 执行 LCD1602 重置的动作-- 注意要适度的加入Delay（）。
d. u8 LCD_CheckBusy(void);// 这一个功能是最常使用的功能。因为要常常检查LCD是不是在忙碌状态。传回的資料还附带了LCD游标的目前位置，所以设成U8, 传回一个 byte 的地址。
e. void LCD1602_SetCursor( u8 x, u8 line );//加上line 位置的cursor 设定.
f. void GPIOB_SetBits(u8 GPIOB_Pin); 和
void GPIOB_ResetBits(u8 GPIOB_Pin); 是为了方便 header 档加上的。
g. 其他的因为很简单，有兴趣自己对照以下就看得懂，也可以自己改一改。以下就是 LCD1602_cmd.c 的代码。

#include "lcd1602.h"
#include "stm32f0xx.h"          // File name depends on device used//---------------------------------void GPIO_Configuration(void){      //------------GPIOC0_7_init(void)      --define  Port C, pin 0~7RCC->AHBENR |= 0x1ul<<19;    // set GPIOC onGPIOC->MODER &= ~(0xfffful);   //clear MODERGPIOC->MODER |= 0x5555ul;      //set Moder to bx0101 -->outputGPIOC->OSPEEDR &= ~0xfffful; // clear OSPEEDRGPIOC->OSPEEDR |= 0x5555ul;     // set OSPEEDR to bx0101 medium speed//-------------------void GPIOB0_2_init(void)      --define  Port B, pin 0~2
//GPIOC->OTYPER &= ~(0x1ul<<7);    // GPIOC to OCRCC->AHBENR |= 0x1ul<<18;    // set GPIOC onGPIOB->MODER &= ~(0x3ful);   //clear MODERGPIOB->MODER |= 0x15ul;      //set Moder to bx0101 -->outputGPIOB->OSPEEDR &= ~0x3ful;    // clear OSPEEDRGPIOB->OSPEEDR |= 0x15ul;       // set OSPEEDR to bx0101 medium speed}//------------------------------------
u8 GPIO_ReadAddr(u8 temp){LCD_RS_H();    //=0;LCD_RW_H();    //=1;GPIOC->MODER |= 0x2ul <<7;       //set GPIOC bit 7 Moder to bx11 -->intputtemp = GPIOC->IDR  ;return temp;}//--------------------------------------------void GPIO_Write(u8 temp){GPIOC->MODER &= ~(0xfffful);   //clear MODERGPIOC->MODER |= 0x5555ul;      //set Moder to bx0101 -->outputGPIOC->ODR = temp;}//--------------------------------------------void LCD_delay(u32 x){u32 i, j;for(i=0; i<x; i++){for(j=0; j<1000; j++) ;}}
//-------------------------------void LCD1602_Init()
{LCD1602_ClearScreen();LCD_delay(41);func_set(1,1,0);   //0x28 DL=1(8-bit), N=0(1-line), F=1(5x11)LCD_delay(41);LCD_delay(5);LCD_entry_mod(1, 0);    // ID =1,  SH=0LCD_delay(5);cusr_ctrl(1,1,1);      // Dp =1, csr =1, blk =1
}//------------------------------------u8 LCD_CheckBusy(void)
{u8 sta;LCD_RS_L();    //=0;LCD_RW_H();    //=1;GPIOC->MODER &= ~(0xfffful);   //clear MODERGPIOC->MODER |= 0xaaaaul;      //set Moder to bx1010 -->inputdo{LCD_EN_H();   // =1;LCD_delay(5);sta = (GPIOC ->IDR);LCD_EN_L();   // =0;}while(sta & 0x80);   //BF=1, LCD is busyreturn sta;
}//------------------------------------void LCD1602_WriteCmd( u8 cmd ){u8 addr = LCD_CheckBusy(); //to get cursor addressLCD_RS_L();   //LCD_RS = 0;LCD_RW_L();   //LCD_RW = 0;GPIO_Write(cmd);   // GPIO_OutData(Cmd);    LCD_EN_H();    // = 1;LCD_delay(5);LCD_EN_L();    // = 0;     }//------------------------------------void LCD1602_WriteData( u8 data ){u8 addr = LCD_CheckBusy(); //o get cursor addressLCD_RS_H();    //=1;LCD_RW_L();    //=0;GPIO_Write( data);      // GPIO_OutData(Dat);LCD_EN_H();    //=1;LCD_delay(5);LCD_EN_L();     //EN = 0;}//------------------------------------void LCD1602_SetCursor( u8 x, u8 line ){u8 addr;if (line == 0)  addr = 0x00 + x;if (line == 1)  addr = 0x40 + x;LCD1602_WriteCmd(addr | 0x80);}//------------------------------------void LCD1602_Show_Str( u8 x, u8 y, u8 *str ){ u16 count =0;LCD1602_SetCursor(x, y);while(*str != '\0'){  LCD1602_WriteData(*str++); count++;if (count>15){LCD1602_SetCursor(0, 0x40ul);}}}//------------------------------------void LCD1602_DisNumber(u8 x,u8 y, u8 Num)  //change line check
{LCD1602_SetCursor(x,y);LCD1602_WriteData(0x30+Num/10);LCD1602_SetCursor(x+1, y);LCD1602_WriteData(0x30+Num%10);
}
//-------------------------------------
void LCD1602_DisChar(u8 x, u8 y, u8 ch)
{LCD1602_SetCursor(x, y);        //set curcor to upper or lower lineLCD1602_WriteData(ch);
}
//------------------------------------
//RS ->PB0, Rw ->PB1, EN ->PB2
void GPIOB_SetBits(u8 GPIOB_Pin)
{GPIOB->ODR |= 0x1ul <<GPIOB_Pin;  //set to 1
}
//------------------------------------
void GPIOB_ResetBits(u8 GPIOB_Pin)
{GPIOB->ODR &= ~(0x1ul << GPIOB_Pin);  // set 0
}//------------------------------------void LCD1602_ClearScreen()   // set screen by char 0x20ul{LCD1602_WriteCmd(0x01);}//-----------------------------------
void LCD1602_currest()  //cursor back to 0,0{LCD1602_WriteCmd(0x02ul);}//------------------------------------
void LCD_entry_mod(u8 ID, u8 SH){u8 cmd = 0x04ul;if(ID==1){ cmd |= 0x1ul << 1;}if(SH==1){ cmd |= 0x1ul ;}LCD1602_WriteCmd(cmd); }
void cusr_ctrl(u8 Dp,u8 csr,u8 blk){u8 cmd = 0x8ul;if(Dp==1){ cmd |= 0x1ul << 2;}     //Dp =1()if(csr==1){ cmd |= 0x1ul << 1;}    //csr =1()if(blk==1){ cmd |= 0x1ul ;}       // blk =1()LCD1602_WriteCmd(cmd); } void dp_shift(u8 SC,u8 RL){u8 cmd = 0x10ul;         ///0b0001 0000if(SC==1){ cmd |= 0x1ul << 3;}    // sc=1 ()if(RL==1){ cmd |= 0x1ul << 2;}    // RL=1 ()LCD1602_WriteCmd(cmd); } void func_set(u8 DL,u8 N, u8 F){   //u8 cmd = 0x20ul;      //bx0010 0000if(DL==1){ cmd |= 0x1ul << 4;}     // DL=1(8-bit), DL=0(4-bit)if(N==1){ cmd |= 0x1ul << 3;}      // N=1(2-line), N=0(1-line)if(F==1){ cmd |= 0x1ul << 2;}     // F=1(5x11), F=0(5x8),LCD1602_WriteCmd(cmd); }  void setCGRAM_addr(u8 addr){u8 cmd = 0x40ul + addr;  // DB6 =1LCD1602_WriteCmd(cmd); } void setDDRAM_addr(u8 addr){u8 cmd = 0x80ul + addr;    // DB7 =1LCD1602_WriteCmd(cmd); }
//----------------------------------
u8 LCD_ReadADDR(void)
{u8 sta;LCD_RS_L();    //=0;LCD_RW_H();    //=1;GPIOC->MODER &= ~(0xfffful);   //clear MODERGPIOC->MODER |= 0xaaaaul;      //set Moder to bx1010 -->inputLCD_EN_H();   // =1;LCD_delay(5);sta = (GPIOC ->IDR);LCD_EN_L();   // =0;return sta;
}//------------------------------//--------show line1 line2 --------------------------------------
void LCD1602_show(u8 *line1, u8 *line2){    u8 i;LCD1602_ClearScreen();LCD_entry_mod(1,0);  //change 0 =>revers, 1= whole screen   LCD1602_SetCursor( 0, 0);for(i=0;i<16;i++){   LCD1602_WriteData(line1[i]) ;}LCD1602_SetCursor( 0, 1);for(i=0;i<16;i++){ LCD1602_WriteData(line2[i]) ;}}//******************************************

编写属于 LCD1602 的 header 档
下面来谈谈 header 档的应用。
以前学的时候都知道 C语言的可携带性/可移植性很好，是因为有 header 档案，由于每经验所以都是一知半解。

从上面的图的左边可以看到我把 main.c 主档和 LCD1602_cmd.c 放在同一个档案夹。就是在编译的时候是一起操作的。至于如何链接起来执行就要靠这个 include

#include "lcd1602.h"

同时在 main.c 和 LCD1602_cmd.c 都要有。
以前不了解 h 档都是把 #include “lcd1602_cmd.c” 当成方法。可以看到在 main.c 里面我把 #include “lcd1602_cmd.c” 注解掉，依然可以执行。
下边的代码就是我编写的 “lcd1602.h” 档。

#ifndef __LCD1602_H#define __LCD1602_H /***************************????????????*****************************/
#define u8 unsigned char
#define u16 unsigned short
#define u32 unsigned int
#define RS 0
#define RW 1
#define EN 2
#define BF 7#define LCD_RS_H()    GPIOB_SetBits( RS )   //1602 data#define LCD_RS_L()    GPIOB_ResetBits( RS )  //1602 command#define LCD_RW_H()    GPIOB_SetBits( RW  )  //1602 readdata#define LCD_RW_L()    GPIOB_ResetBits( RW  ) //1602 writedata#define LCD_EN_H()    GPIOB_SetBits( 2 )   //1602  enable #define LCD_EN_L()    GPIOB_ResetBits( 2 )#define LCD_clr_dp    LCD_WriteCmd(ox1ul);   #define LCD_csr_rt    LCD_WriteCmd(ox2ul);  #define DATAOUT( x ) GPIO_Write( GPIOA, x ) //1602?8??????#define upLine_s     0x00ul#define downLine_s  0x40ulvoid GPIO_Write(u8 temp);void GPIO_Configuration(void);void LCD1602_Init(void);u8 LCD_CheckBusy(void);void LCD1602_Wait_Ready(void);void LCD1602_WriteCmd( u8 cmd );void LCD1602_WriteData( u8 data );void LCD1602_SetCursor( u8 x, u8 line );void LCD1602_Show_Str( u8 x, u8 y, u8 *str );void LCD1602_DisNumber(u8 x,u8 y, u8 Num);void LCD1602_DisChar(u8 x, u8 y, u8 ch);void GPIOB_SetBits(u8 GPIOB_Pin);void GPIOB_ResetBits(u8 GPIOB_Pin);void LCD1602_ClearScreen(void); void LCD1602_currest(void);void LCD_entry_mod(u8 ID, u8 SH);void cusr_ctrl(u8 Dp,u8 csr,u8 blk);void dp_shift(u8 SC,u8 RL);void func_set(u8 DL,u8 N, u8 F);void setCGRAM_addr(u8 addr);void setDDRAM_addr(u8 addr);void LCD_delay(u32 x);u8 LCD_ReadADDR(void);void LCD1602_show(u8 *line1,u8 *line2);#endif

下面列的是另一个样本，可以参考一下 h 档的重要结构

time3.h

#ifndef _TIME3_H_
#define _TIME3_H_void TIM3_Int_Init(unsigned short psc, unsigned short arr);
#endif

main.c 档

以下main.c 档的内容，我留下许多实验的痕迹，有兴趣的人可以自己修改看看。下一步再加上 USART 的外接传输就可以透过手机传讯息到 F072 的主板了

/**   Project name : LCD 1602
*   GPIOC 0~7: LCD data b0~b7
*   RS ->PB0, Rw ->PB1, EN ->PB2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/#include <stdio.h>#include "stm32f0xx.h"          // File name depends on device used
#include "RTE_Components.h"      // Component selection
#include "lcd1602.h"
//#include "bt2uart.h"
//#include "lcd1602_cmd.c"  extern void stdout_init (void);
//extern void GPIO_Configuration(void);volatile uint32_t msTicks;         // Counter for millisecond Interval#define NUM_KEYS  1                     /* Number of available keys           *//* Keys for NUCLEO Board */extern void  Config_PA910(void); // for Bluetooth    PA.9(Tx)->HC05(Rx),  PA.10(Rx)->HC05(Tx)
extern void  Config_uart1(void); // for BlueTooth
extern void PutCha(u8 ch);
#define USER    1
#define u8 unsigned char
#define u16 unsigned short
#define u32 unsigned int
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// SysTick Interrupt Handler
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void SysTick_Handler (void)
{       msTicks++;           // Increment Counter
}/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Delay: delay a number of Systicks
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void Delay(uint32_t dlyTicks){uint32_t currentTicks;currentTicks = msTicks;while( (msTicks - currentTicks) < dlyTicks ){__NOP();}
}/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------* @brief  Configures the System clock frequency, AHB/APBx prescalers and Flash*         settings.* @note   This function should be called only once the RCC clock configuration*         is reset to the default reset state (done in SystemInit() function).* @param  None* @retval None
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------  */
static void SetSysClock(void)
{SystemCoreClock = 48000000;/* SYSCLK, HCLK, PCLK configuration ----------------------------------------*//* At this stage the HSI is already enabled *//* Enable Prefetch Buffer and set Flash Latency */FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_PRFTBE | FLASH_ACR_LATENCY;/* HCLK = SYSCLK */RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;/* PCLK = HCLK */RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE_DIV1;/* PLL configuration = (HSI/2) * 12 = ~48 MHz */RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLMUL));RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_HSI_DIV2 | RCC_CFGR_PLLMUL12);/* Enable PLL */RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;/* Wait till PLL is ready */while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0){}/* Select PLL as system clock source */RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;    /* Wait till PLL is used as system clock source */while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS) != (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS_PLL){}
}/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Button_Init(void)        ;Initialize button
// PC.13 to control User botton, set PC.13 is input pin
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void Button_Init(void) {RCC->AHBENR |=  (1ul << 19);                  // Enable GPIOC clock       GPIOC->MODER &= ~(3ul << 2*13);               // Set PC.13 is input  }/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//uint32_t Button_GetState(void)
// Get USER button (PC.13) state
// return: 1 means USER key pressed
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
uint32_t Button_GetState (void) {uint32_t val = 0;if ((GPIOC->IDR & (1ul << 13)) == 0) {         //When USER button pressed PC.13=0val |= USER;                                 // set USER button pressed}return (val);}/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// MPU setup process
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*//*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// The processor clock is initialized by CMSIS startup + system file
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int main (void) {        // User application starts here/* Configure the System clock frequency, AHB/APBx prescalers and Flash settings */SetSysClock();stdout_init();              // Initialize USART 2(PA3 to USART2_RX,PA2 to USART2_TX)  SysTick_Config(SystemCoreClock/1000);      // System Tick Initializes,set SysTick 1ms interruptGPIO_Configuration();LCD1602_Init();Config_PA910(); // for Bluetooth    PA.9(Tx)->HC05(Rx),  PA.10(Rx)->HC05(Tx)Config_uart1(); // for BlueTooth//------------------------------------------unsigned char str[]="Hello world!";unsigned  char *w=str;    u8  word;u8 x, y, i;x= 0 ;
//while(1)  {LCD1602_ClearScreen();//----------print Hello------------------------------LCD1602_SetCursor( 0, 0 );LCD1602_Show_Str( 2, 0, w );Delay(1000);LCD1602_ClearScreen();
//------------print A--------------------------//-----------auto chang line-------------------------------word=0x41ul;for(i=0; i<32;i++){y = i/16;x = i-16;if (y==0){ LCD1602_SetCursor( i, y);}if (y==1){ LCD1602_SetCursor( x, y);}LCD1602_WriteData(word+i);Delay(50);}//-----------Read Address-------------------------------        u8 Hex[]={'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};u8 line1[] ={'a','d','d','r',':',0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul} ;u8 line2[] ={0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul,0x20ul} ;u8 *lineu=line1;    u8 *lined=line2;   u8 addr= LCD_ReadADDR();line1[7] = Hex[(addr >> 4) & 0xful];line1[8] = Hex[(addr) & 0xful];
//--------show line1 line2 --------------------------------------LCD1602_show( lineu, lined);//-----------------------------------------------------LCD1602_SetCursor( 0, 1 );
//      int h=0;for (i=5; i<25 ;i++) {//PutCha(i);LCD1602_WriteData(word+i);if (USART1->ISR &( 0x1ul <<7)) {USART1->TDR =word+i;Delay(100);   }}
//-----------------------------------------------------     LCD1602_SetCursor( 0, 1 );u8 pos =0;u8 buffer=0;uint8_t data[20]; USART1->CR1 = USART_CR1_RXNEIE | USART_CR1_RE | USART_CR1_UE;while(1){      for (buffer=0;buffer<20; buffer++){while ((USART1->ISR & USART_ISR_RXNE) == USART_ISR_RXNE) {data[buffer] = (uint8_t) USART1->RDR;    //receive data }}/*    for(i=0; i<=buffer;i++){ LCD1602_WriteData(data[i]); pos++;}buffer++;if ((data ==0x0d) || (data ==0x0a)) {;}else {LCD1602_WriteData(Hex[(data  >> 4) & 0xful]);LCD1602_WriteData( Hex[(data) & 0xful]);pos +=2;*/if (pos>16){pos=0;  LCD1602_SetCursor( 0, 1 );}}//------------------------------------------------}