2.Java OCR 图像智能字符识别技术，可识别中文

几天一直在研究OCR技术，据我了解的情况，国内最专业的OCR软件只有2家，清华TH-OCR和汉王OCR，看了很多的OCR

技术发现好多对英文与数字的支持都很好，可惜很多都不支持中文字符。Asprise-OCR，Tesseract 3.0以前的版本

，都不支持中文，其实我用了下Asprise-OCR算是速度比较的快了，可惜他鄙视中文，这个没有办法，正好这段时间

知名的开源OCR引擎Tesseract 3.0版本发布了，他给我们带来的好消息就是支持中文，相关的下载项目网站是：

http://code.google.com/p/tesseract-ocr

虽然速度不是很客观可是毕竟人家开始支持中文也算是不错的，一个英文的语言包大概是1.8M,中文简体的语言包是

39.5M,中文繁体的语言包是53M，这样就知道为什么识别中文慢的原因了

----------------------------------------------------------------------

利用开源程序(ImageMagick+tesseract-ocr)实现图像验证码识别

但却很少看到在windows下的相关文章介绍。

接下来我将一步步讲述如何采用tesseract-ocr识别含有中文的图片。

1、下载tesseract-ocr(注意3.0版本之后才支持中文的识别)

tesseract-ocr-setup-3.00.exe

chi_sim.traineddata.gz

2、安装tesseract-ocr

解压缩，双击 tesseract-ocr-setup-3.00.exe 即可根据提示一步步安装，本人安装的目录是：D:/Program

Files/Tesseract-OCR

在该目录下可看到tesseract.exe文件，这就是我们后面程序中会调用到的运行进程。

3、自定义安装语言包

D:/Program Files/Tesseract-OCR目录下找到/tessdata目录，其是用来存放语言包，可把

chi_sim.traineddata.gz   解压缩之后的chi_sim.traineddata文件复制到该目录下即可。

4、编写测试代码

在编写代码之前下载两个jar包：jai_imageio-1.1-alpha.jar、swingx-1.0.jar，可在www.findjar.com

网站上去下载。

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下面是自己测试用的所有代码:

---------------------------------

1.新建项目:javaocr2

-------------------------

/javaocr2/src/com/credream/ocr/ImageFilter.java

package com.credream.ocr;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;

import java.awt.color.ColorSpace;

import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;

import java.awt.image.AffineTransformOp;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import java.awt.image.ColorConvertOp;

import java.awt.image.ColorModel;

import java.awt.image.MemoryImageSource;

import java.awt.image.PixelGrabber;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**

*

* 图像过滤,增强OCR识别成功率

*

*/

public class ImageFilter {

protected transient final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

private BufferedImage image;

private int iw, ih;

private int[] pixels;

public ImageFilter(BufferedImage image) {

this.image = image;

iw = image.getWidth();

ih = image.getHeight();

pixels = new int[iw * ih];

}

/** 图像二值化 */

public BufferedImage changeGrey() {

PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih, pixels, 0, iw);

try {

pg.grabPixels();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

logger.error("异常:", e);

}

// 设定二值化的域值，默认值为100

int grey = 100;

// 对图像进行二值化处理，Alpha值保持不变

ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();

for (int i = 0; i < iw * ih; i++) {

int red, green, blue;

int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i]);

if (cm.getRed(pixels[i]) > grey) {

red = 255;

} else {

red = 0;

}

if (cm.getGreen(pixels[i]) > grey) {

green = 255;

} else {

green = 0;

}

if (cm.getBlue(pixels[i]) > grey) {

blue = 255;

} else {

blue = 0;

}

pixels[i] = alpha << 24 | red << 16 | green << 8 | blue;

}

// 将数组中的象素产生一个图像

return ImageIOHelper.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih,

pixels, 0, iw));

}

/** 提升清晰度,进行锐化 */

public BufferedImage sharp() {

PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih, pixels, 0, iw);

try {

pg.grabPixels();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

logger.error("异常:", e);

}

// 象素的中间变量

int tempPixels[] = new int[iw * ih];

for (int i = 0; i < iw * ih; i++) {

tempPixels[i] = pixels[i];

}

// 对图像进行尖锐化处理，Alpha值保持不变

ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();

for (int i = 1; i < ih - 1; i++) {

for (int j = 1; j < iw - 1; j++) {

int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i * iw + j]);

// 对图像进行尖锐化

int red6 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

int red5 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int red8 = cm.getRed(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

int sharpRed = Math.abs(red6 - red5) + Math.abs(red8 - red5);

int green5 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int green6 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

int green8 = cm.getGreen(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

int sharpGreen = Math.abs(green6 - green5) + Math.abs(green8 -

green5);

int blue5 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int blue6 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

int blue8 = cm.getBlue(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

int sharpBlue = Math.abs(blue6 - blue5) + Math.abs(blue8 - blue5);

if (sharpRed > 255) {

sharpRed = 255;

}

if (sharpGreen > 255) {

sharpGreen = 255;

}

if (sharpBlue > 255) {

sharpBlue = 255;

}

tempPixels[i * iw + j] = alpha << 24 | sharpRed << 16 | sharpGreen <<

8 | sharpBlue;

}

}

// 将数组中的象素产生一个图像

return ImageIOHelper.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih,

tempPixels, 0, iw));

}

/** 中值滤波 */

public BufferedImage median() {

PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih, pixels, 0, iw);

try {

pg.grabPixels();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

logger.error("异常:", e);

}

// 对图像进行中值滤波，Alpha值保持不变

ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();

for (int i = 1; i < ih - 1; i++) {

for (int j = 1; j < iw - 1; j++) {

int red, green, blue;

int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i * iw + j]);

// int red2 = cm.getRed(pixels[(i - 1) * iw + j]);

int red4 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j - 1]);

int red5 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int red6 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

// int red8 = cm.getRed(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

// 水平方向进行中值滤波

if (red4 >= red5) {

if (red5 >= red6) {

red = red5;

} else {

if (red4 >= red6) {

red = red6;

} else {

red = red4;

}

}

} else {

if (red4 > red6) {

red = red4;

} else {

if (red5 > red6) {

red = red6;

} else {

red = red5;

}

}

}

// int green2 = cm.getGreen(pixels[(i - 1) * iw + j]);

int green4 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j - 1]);

int green5 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int green6 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

// int green8 = cm.getGreen(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

// 水平方向进行中值滤波

if (green4 >= green5) {

if (green5 >= green6) {

green = green5;

} else {

if (green4 >= green6) {

green = green6;

} else {

green = green4;

}

}

} else {

if (green4 > green6) {

green = green4;

} else {

if (green5 > green6) {

green = green6;

} else {

green = green5;

}

}

}

// int blue2 = cm.getBlue(pixels[(i - 1) * iw + j]);

int blue4 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j - 1]);

int blue5 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int blue6 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

// int blue8 = cm.getBlue(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

// 水平方向进行中值滤波

if (blue4 >= blue5) {

if (blue5 >= blue6) {

blue = blue5;

} else {

if (blue4 >= blue6) {

blue = blue6;

} else {

blue = blue4;

}

}

} else {

if (blue4 > blue6) {

blue = blue4;

} else {

if (blue5 > blue6) {

blue = blue6;

} else {

blue = blue5;

}

}

}

pixels[i * iw + j] = alpha << 24 | red << 16 | green << 8 | blue;

}

}

// 将数组中的象素产生一个图像

return ImageIOHelper.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih,

pixels, 0, iw));

}

/** 线性灰度变换 */

public BufferedImage lineGrey() {

PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih, pixels, 0, iw);

try {

pg.grabPixels();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

logger.error("异常:", e);

}

// 对图像进行进行线性拉伸，Alpha值保持不变

ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();

for (int i = 0; i < iw * ih; i++) {

int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i]);

int red = cm.getRed(pixels[i]);

int green = cm.getGreen(pixels[i]);

int blue = cm.getBlue(pixels[i]);

// 增加了图像的亮度

red = (int) (1.1 * red + 30);

green = (int) (1.1 * green + 30);

blue = (int) (1.1 * blue + 30);

if (red >= 255) {

red = 255;

}

if (green >= 255) {

green = 255;

}

if (blue >= 255) {

blue = 255;

}

pixels[i] = alpha << 24 | red << 16 | green << 8 | blue;

}

// 将数组中的象素产生一个图像

return ImageIOHelper.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih,

pixels, 0, iw));

}

/** 转换为黑白灰度图 */

public BufferedImage grayFilter() {

ColorSpace cs = ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_GRAY);

ColorConvertOp op = new ColorConvertOp(cs, null);

return op.filter(image, null);

}

/** 平滑缩放 */

public BufferedImage scaling(double s) {

AffineTransform tx = new AffineTransform();

tx.scale(s, s);

AffineTransformOp op = new AffineTransformOp(tx, AffineTransformOp.TYPE_BILINEAR);

return op.filter(image, null);

}

public BufferedImage scale(Float s) {

int srcW = image.getWidth();

int srcH = image.getHeight();

int newW = Math.round(srcW * s);

int newH = Math.round(srcH * s);

// 先做水平方向上的伸缩变换

BufferedImage tmp=new BufferedImage(newW, newH, image.getType());

Graphics2D g= tmp.createGraphics();

for (int x = 0; x < newW; x++) {

g.setClip(x, 0, 1, srcH);

// 按比例放缩

g.drawImage(image, x - x * srcW / newW, 0, null);

}

// 再做垂直方向上的伸缩变换

BufferedImage dst = new BufferedImage(newW, newH, image.getType());

g = dst.createGraphics();

for (int y = 0; y < newH; y++) {

g.setClip(0, y, newW, 1);

// 按比例放缩

g.drawImage(tmp, 0, y - y * srcH / newH, null);

}

return dst;

}

}

----------------------------------------------------------

2./javaocr2/src/com/credream/ocr/ImageIOHelper.java

/*

* ImageIOHelper.java

*

* Created on December 24, 2007, 1:15 AM

*

* To change this template, choose Tools | Template Manager

* and open the template in the editor.

*/

package com.credream.ocr;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;

import java.awt.Image;

import java.awt.Toolkit;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import java.awt.image.DataBufferByte;

import java.awt.image.ImageProducer;

import java.awt.image.WritableRaster;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.Locale;

import javax.imageio.IIOImage;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import javax.imageio.ImageReader;

import javax.imageio.ImageWriteParam;

import javax.imageio.ImageWriter;

import javax.imageio.metadata.IIOMetadata;

import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;

import javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.sun.media.imageio.plugins.tiff.TIFFImageWriteParam;

public class ImageIOHelper {

protected transient final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger

(ImageIOHelper.class);

public ImageIOHelper() {

}

public static File createImage(File imageFile, String imageFormat) {

File tempFile = null;

try {

Iterator readers = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName

(imageFormat);

ImageReader reader = readers.next();

ImageInputStream iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(imageFile);

reader.setInput(iis);

// Read the stream metadata

IIOMetadata streamMetadata = reader.getStreamMetadata();

// Set up the writeParam

TIFFImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam = new TIFFImageWriteParam(Locale.US);

tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_DISABLED);

// Get tif writer and set output to file

Iterator writers = ImageIO.getImageWritersByFormatName("tiff");

ImageWriter writer = writers.next();

BufferedImage bi = reader.read(0);

IIOImage image = new IIOImage(bi, null, reader.getImageMetadata(0));

tempFile = tempImageFile(imageFile);

ImageOutputStream ios = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(tempFile);

writer.setOutput(ios);

writer.write(streamMetadata, image, tiffWriteParam);

ios.close();

writer.dispose();

reader.dispose();

} catch (Exception exc) {

logger.error("异常:", exc);

}

return tempFile;

}

public static File createImage(BufferedImage bi) {

File tempFile = null;

try {

tempFile = File.createTempFile("tempImageFile", ".tif");

tempFile.deleteOnExit();

TIFFImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam = new TIFFImageWriteParam(Locale.US);

tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_DISABLED);

// Get tif writer and set output to file

Iterator writers = ImageIO.getImageWritersByFormatName("tiff");

ImageWriter writer = writers.next();

IIOImage image = new IIOImage(bi, null, null);

tempFile = tempImageFile(tempFile);

ImageOutputStream ios = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(tempFile);

writer.setOutput(ios);

writer.write(null, image, tiffWriteParam);

ios.close();

writer.dispose();

} catch (Exception exc) {

logger.error("异常:", exc);

}

return tempFile;

}

public static File tempImageFile(File imageFile) {

String path = imageFile.getPath();

StringBuffer strB = new StringBuffer(path);

strB.insert(path.lastIndexOf('.'), 0);

return new File(strB.toString().replaceFirst("(?<=\\.)(\\w+)$", "tif"));

}

public static BufferedImage getImage(File imageFile) {

BufferedImage al = null;

try {

String imageFileName = imageFile.getName();

String imageFormat = imageFileName.substring(imageFileName.lastIndexOf('.') +

1);

Iterator readers = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName

(imageFormat);

ImageReader reader = readers.next();

if (reader == null) {

JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,

"Need to install JAI Image I/O package.

\nhttps://jai-imageio.dev.java.net");

return null;

}

ImageInputStream iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(imageFile);

reader.setInput(iis);

al = reader.read(0);

reader.dispose();

} catch (IOException ioe) {

System.err.println(ioe.getMessage());

} catch (Exception e) {

System.err.println(e.getMessage());

}

return al;

}

public static BufferedImage imageToBufferedImage(Image image) {

BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(image.getWidth(null),

image.getHeight(null),

BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

Graphics2D g = bufferedImage.createGraphics();

g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);

return bufferedImage;

}

public static BufferedImage imageProducerToBufferedImage(ImageProducer imageProducer) {

return imageToBufferedImage(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(imageProducer));

}

public static byte[] image_byte_data(BufferedImage image) {

WritableRaster raster = image.getRaster();

DataBufferByte buffer = (DataBufferByte) raster.getDataBuffer();

return buffer.getData();

}

}

-----------------------------------------------------------

4./javaocr2/src/com/credream/ocr/OCR.java

/*

* OCR.java

*

* Created on December 24, 2007, 12:38 AM

*/

package com.credream.ocr;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import org.jdesktop.swingx.util.OS;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class OCR {

protected transient final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

private final String LANG_OPTION = "-l";

private final String EOL = System.getProperty("line.separator");

private String tessPath ="D://Program Files//Tesseract-OCR";

//new File("tesseract").getAbsolutePath();

public String recognizeText(File imageFile, String imageFormat) throws Exception {

File tempImage = ImageIOHelper.createImage(imageFile, imageFormat);

File outputFile = new File(imageFile.getParentFile(), "output");

StringBuffer strB = new StringBuffer();

List cmd = new ArrayList();

if (OS.isWindowsXP()) {

cmd.add(tessPath + "\\tesseract");

} else if (OS.isLinux()) {

cmd.add("tesseract");

} else {

cmd.add(tessPath + "\\tesseract");

}

cmd.add("");

cmd.add(outputFile.getName());

cmd.add(LANG_OPTION);

cmd.add("eng");

ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder();

pb.directory(imageFile.getParentFile());

cmd.set(1, tempImage.getName());

pb.command(cmd);

pb.redirectErrorStream(true);

Process process = pb.start();

int w = process.waitFor();

logger.debug("Exit value = {}", w);

// delete temp working files

tempImage.delete();

if (w == 0) {

BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new

FileInputStream(outputFile

.getAbsolutePath()

+ ".txt"), "UTF-8"));

String str;

while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) {

strB.append(str).append(EOL);

}

in.close();

} else {

String msg;

switch (w) {

case 1:

msg = "Errors accessing files. There may be spaces in your image's

filename.";

break;

case 29:

msg = "Cannot recognize the image or its selected region.";

break;

case 31:

msg = "Unsupported image format.";

break;

default:

msg = "Errors occurred.";

}

tempImage.delete();

throw new RuntimeException(msg);

}

new File(outputFile.getAbsolutePath() + ".txt").delete();

logger.info("图像识别结果:{}", strB);

return strB.toString();

}

}

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5./javaocr2/src/com/credream/ocr/TestOCR.java

package com.credream.ocr;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

public class TestOCR {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String path = "D://test//mytest.jpg";

System.out.println("ORC Test Begin......");

try {

String valCode = new OCR().recognizeText(new File(path), "jpg");

System.out.println(valCode);

//

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

System.out.println("ORC Test End......");

}

}

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添加了以下jar包:

commons-logging.jar

jai_imageio-1.1-alpha.jar

slf4j-migrator-1.5.2.jar

slf4j-nop-1.5.2.jar

swingx-1.0.jar

-----------------------------------