小学生python游戏编程arcade----基本知识3

前言
多摄象头显得分，title地图加载，精灵分层管理，移动精灵
- 1、多摄象头显得分
- - 1.1得分
  - 1.2 两个摄象机的绘制
  - 1.3 效果图
  - 1.4 代码实现
- 2、title地图加载
- - 2.1地图编辑器及资源
  - 2.2 加载地图，可以直接从地图创建场景，还有精灵列表，很方便
  - 2.3 效果图
  - 2.4 代码实现
- 3、精灵分层管理
- - 3.1 多层地图的实现
  - 3.2 关健点，角色可选择插入到某层前或后
  - 3.3 效果图
  - 3.4 代码实现
源码获取

前言

接上篇文章小学生python游戏编程arcade----基本知识1、2，连接如下：小学生python游戏编程arcade----基本知识，小学生python游戏编程arcade----基本知识2
继续解绍arcade游戏编程的基本知识。

多摄象头显得分，title地图加载，精灵分层管理，移动精灵

1、多摄象头显得分

1.1得分

可以收集硬币并获得积分，我们需要一种在屏幕上显示分数的方法。
这个过程比仅仅在X和Y位置绘制一些文本要复杂一些。为了正确绘制文本或任何图形用户界面元素，我们需要使用与绘制场景其余部分所用的相机不同的相机。
这是因为我们在主游戏摄像头上滚动，它随角色移动而移动，但我们希望我们的图形用户界面元素保持不变。使用第二个摄像头可以让我们做到这一点。
初始化
self.camera = None # 摄象机第一个
self.gui_camera = None # 第二摄象机
setup中：
def setup(self):
# 摄象机
self.camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)
self.gui_camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)

1.2 两个摄象机的绘制

draw() 中
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.scene.draw()
self.camera.use() # 摄象机

    **self.gui_camera.use()**# Draw our score on the screen, scrolling it with the viewportscore_text = f"得分: {self.score}"arcade.draw_text(score_text,10,500,arcade.csscolor.RED,18,)

1.3 效果图

1.4 代码实现

# _*_ coding: UTF-8 _*_
# 开发团队： 信息化未来
# 开发人员： Administrator
# 开发时间：2022/11/4 16:59
# 文件名称： game1.py
# 开发工具: PyCharm
import arcade# 设置
SCREEN_WIDTH = 1000
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 650
SCREEN_TITLE = "我的游戏"# 常量用于从原始大小缩放精灵
CHARACTER_SCALING = 1
TILE_SCALING = 0.5
PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED = 2.5
# 重力
GRAVITY = 1
PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED = 20class MyGame(arcade.Window):def __init__(self):# 初始化窗体super().__init__(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_TITLE)self.scene = Noneself.player_sprite = Nonearcade.set_background_color(arcade.csscolor.BLUE)self.physics_engine = Noneself.camera = None  # 摄象机self.gui_camera = None  # 第二摄象机self.score = 0# 加载声音self.collect_coin_sound = arcade.load_sound("sounds/coin2.wav")self.jump_sound = arcade.load_sound("sounds/s3.wav")def setup(self):# 摄象机self.camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)self.gui_camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)# 初始化场景self.scene = arcade.Scene()# 添加精灵列表self.scene.add_sprite_list("Player")self.scene.add_sprite_list("Walls", use_spatial_hash=True)# 添加角色.image_source = "images/1-1.png"self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(image_source, CHARACTER_SCALING)self.player_sprite.center_x = 264self.player_sprite.center_y = 128self.scene.add_sprite("Player", self.player_sprite)wall = arcade.Sprite("images/房子.png", TILE_SCALING)wall.center_x = SCREEN_WIDTH /2wall.center_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT /2+200self.scene.add_sprite("Walls", wall)for x in range(0, 1250, 64):wall = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/tiles/grassMid.png", TILE_SCALING)wall.center_x = xwall.center_y = 32self.scene.add_sprite("Walls", wall)for x in range(128, 1250, 125):coin = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/items/coinGold.png", 0.5)coin.center_x =xcoin.center_y = 96self.scene.add_sprite("Coins", coin)# 物理引擎# self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEngineSimple(#     self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list("Walls"))self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEnginePlatformer(self.player_sprite, gravity_constant=GRAVITY, walls=self.scene["Walls"])def on_draw(self):self.clear()self.scene.draw()self.camera.use()  # 摄象机self.gui_camera.use()# Draw our score on the screen, scrolling it with the viewportscore_text = f"得分: {self.score}"arcade.draw_text(score_text,10,500,arcade.csscolor.RED,18,)def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):"""每当按下键时调用."""if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:if self.physics_engine.can_jump():self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_JUMP_SPEEDarcade.play_sound(self.jump_sound)elif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:self.player_sprite.change_x = -PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEEDelif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:self.player_sprite.change_x = PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEEDdef on_key_release(self, key, modifiers):"""Called when the user releases a key."""if key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:self.player_sprite.change_x = 0elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:self.player_sprite.change_x = 0def center_camera_to_player(self):screen_center_x = self.player_sprite.center_x - (self.camera.viewport_width / 2)screen_center_y = self.player_sprite.center_y - (self.camera.viewport_height / 2)# Don't let camera travel past 0if screen_center_x < 0:screen_center_x = 0if screen_center_y < 0:screen_center_y = 0player_centered = screen_center_x, screen_center_yself.camera.move_to(player_centered)def on_update(self, delta_time):"""运动和游戏逻辑"""# 检测磁到的金币coin_hit_list = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(self.player_sprite, self.scene["Coins"])# 删除金币for coin in coin_hit_list:coin.remove_from_sprite_lists()  # 删除金币arcade.play_sound(self.collect_coin_sound)self.score += 1self.physics_engine.update()  # 运用引擎移动角色self.center_camera_to_player()   # 摄象机def main():"""主程序"""window = MyGame()window.setup()arcade.run()if __name__ == "__main__":main()

2、title地图加载

2.1地图编辑器及资源

地图编辑器来构建地图，然后将其加载到 Mapfile 中，而不是使用特定点通过代码放置瓷砖。
要开始，请下载并安装 Tiled Map Editor 。(考虑一下捐赠，因为这是一个免费提供的很棒的项目。)
在https://doc.mapeditor.org/，上已经有很好的文档可用，假设您已经熟悉如何使用Tabled创建地图。如果不是，您可以查看平铺文档并返回到此处。
后以文章都将使用这种tile地图。如果您还不想创建自己的，Arade附带了几个示例 resources 文件夹，所以如果您不想创建自己的地图，可以使用resoures方件夹下的资源

2.2 加载地图，可以直接从地图创建场景，还有精灵列表，很方便

    # 初始化场景# self.scene = arcade.Scene()#map_name = "地图/家1.json"# 层属性layer_options = {"Platforms": {"use_spatial_hash": True,},}# 读地图文件self.tile_map = arcade.load_tilemap(map_name, TILE_SCALING, layer_options)# 使用我们的TileMap初始化场景，这将自动添加所有层，以正确的顺序在场景中显示为SpriteList。self.scene = arcade.Scene.from_tilemap(self.tile_map)

2.3 效果图

相机随角色移动：

2.4 代码实现

# _*_ coding: UTF-8 _*_
# 开发团队： 信息化未来
# 开发人员： Administrator
# 开发时间：2022/11/4 16:59
# 文件名称： game1.py
# 开发工具: PyCharm
import arcade# 设置
SCREEN_WIDTH = 1000
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 650
SCREEN_TITLE = "我的游戏"# 常量用于从原始大小缩放精灵
CHARACTER_SCALING = 1
TILE_SCALING = 1
PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED = 2.5
# 重力
GRAVITY = 1
PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED = 20class MyGame(arcade.Window):def __init__(self):# 初始化窗体super().__init__(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_TITLE)self.scene = Noneself.player_sprite = Nonearcade.set_background_color(arcade.csscolor.BLUE)self.physics_engine = Noneself.camera = None  # 摄象机self.gui_camera = None  # 第二摄象机self.score = 0# 加载声音self.collect_coin_sound = arcade.load_sound("sounds/coin2.wav")self.jump_sound = arcade.load_sound("sounds/s3.wav")# 设置地图self.tile_map = Nonedef setup(self):# 摄象机self.camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)self.gui_camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)# 初始化场景# self.scene = arcade.Scene()#map_name = "地图/家1.json"# 层属性layer_options = {"Platforms": {"use_spatial_hash": True,},}# 读地图文件self.tile_map = arcade.load_tilemap(map_name, TILE_SCALING, layer_options)# 使用我们的TileMap初始化场景，这将自动添加所有层，以正确的顺序在场景中显示为SpriteList。self.scene = arcade.Scene.from_tilemap(self.tile_map)# 添加精灵列表self.scene.add_sprite_list("Player")self.scene.add_sprite_list("Walls", use_spatial_hash=True)# 添加角色.image_source = "images/1-1.png"self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(image_source, CHARACTER_SCALING)self.player_sprite.center_x = 264self.player_sprite.center_y = 128self.scene.add_sprite("Player", self.player_sprite)wall = arcade.Sprite("images/房子.png", TILE_SCALING)wall.center_x = SCREEN_WIDTH /2wall.center_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT /2+200self.scene.add_sprite("Walls", wall)for x in range(0, 1250, 64):wall = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/tiles/grassMid.png", TILE_SCALING)wall.center_x = xwall.center_y = 32self.scene.add_sprite("Walls", wall)for x in range(128, 1250, 125):coin = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/items/coinGold.png", 0.5)coin.center_x =xcoin.center_y = 96self.scene.add_sprite("Coins", coin)# 物理引# self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEngineSimple(#     self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list("Walls"))self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEnginePlatformer(self.player_sprite, gravity_constant=GRAVITY, walls=self.scene["Walls"])# Set the background colorif self.tile_map.background_color:arcade.set_background_color(self.tile_map.background_color)def on_draw(self):self.clear()self.camera.use()  # 摄象机        self.scene.draw()self.gui_camera.use() # 以上三行，顺序很重要，不信试试# Draw our score on the screen, scrolling it with the viewportscore_text = f"得分: {self.score}"arcade.draw_text(score_text, 10, 500, arcade.csscolor.RED, 28,)def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):"""每当按下键时调用."""if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:if self.physics_engine.can_jump():self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_JUMP_SPEEDarcade.play_sound(self.jump_sound)elif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:self.player_sprite.change_x = -PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEEDelif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:self.player_sprite.change_x = PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEEDdef on_key_release(self, key, modifiers):"""键盘释放时"""if key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:self.player_sprite.change_x = 0elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:self.player_sprite.change_x = 0def center_camera_to_player(self):"""摄相机随角色移动"""screen_center_x = self.player_sprite.center_x - (self.camera.viewport_width / 2)screen_center_y = self.player_sprite.center_y - (self.camera.viewport_height / 2)# 防止相机出界if screen_center_x < 0:screen_center_x = 0if screen_center_y < 0:screen_center_y = 0player_centered = screen_center_x, screen_center_yself.camera.move_to(player_centered)def on_update(self, delta_time):"""运动和游戏逻辑"""# 检测磁到的金币coin_hit_list = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(self.player_sprite, self.scene["Coins"])# 删除金币for coin in coin_hit_list:coin.remove_from_sprite_lists()  # 删除金币arcade.play_sound(self.collect_coin_sound)self.score += 1self.physics_engine.update()  # 运用引擎移动角色self.center_camera_to_player()   # 摄象机def main():"""主程序"""window = MyGame()window.setup()arcade.run()if __name__ == "__main__":main()

3、精灵分层管理

3.1 多层地图的实现

新的层，包括前景、背景和“不要触摸”
背景层将出现在玩家的后面
前景层将出现在玩家面前
不要触摸层将导致玩家重置到开始位置

3.2 关健点，角色可选择插入到某层前或后

   # 添加精灵列表，把玩家放在哪一层，前后层在此关健self.scene.add_sprite_list_after("Player", LAYER_platforms)# self.scene.add_sprite_list("Player")# self.scene.add_sprite_list("Walls", use_spatial_hash=True)# 添加角色.image_source = "images/1-1.png"self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(image_source, CHARACTER_Scaling)# self.player_sprite.center_x = 264# self.player_sprite.center_y = 128self.player_sprite.center_x = PLAYER_start_xself.player_sprite.center_y = PLAYER_start_yself.scene.add_sprite("Player", self.player_sprite)

3.3 效果图

3.4 代码实现

# _*_ coding: UTF-8 _*_
# 开发人员： Administrator
# 开发时间：2022/11/5 16:59import arcade# 设置
SCREEN_width = 1000
SCREEN_height = 650
SCREEN_title = "我的游戏"# 常量用于从原始大小缩放精灵
CHARACTER_Scaling = 1
PLAYER_movement_speed = 5TILE_Scaling = 2
COIN_Scaling = 0.5
SPRITE_pixel_size = 128
GRID_pixel_size = SPRITE_pixel_size * TILE_Scaling# 重力
GRAVITY = 1
PLAYER_jump_speed = 25PLAYER_start_x = 64
PLAYER_start_y = 225# 层名 此处的层名应为地图文件中的层名，
LAYER_platforms = "grass"
LAYER_tree = "tree"class MyGame(arcade.Window):def __init__(self):# 初始化窗体super().__init__(SCREEN_width, SCREEN_height, SCREEN_title)self.scene = Noneself.player_sprite = Nonearcade.set_background_color(arcade.csscolor.BLUE)self.physics_engine = Noneself.camera = None  # 摄象机self.gui_camera = None  # 第二摄象机self.score = 0# 加载声音self.collect_coin_sound = arcade.load_sound("sounds/coin2.wav")self.jump_sound = arcade.load_sound("sounds/s3.wav")self.game_over = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/gameover1.wav")# 设置地图self.tile_map = None# 是否重新设置分数self.reset_score = True# 地图的最右边self.end_of_map = 0# 关卡级别self.level = 1def setup(self):# 摄象机self.camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)self.gui_camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)# 初始化场景# self.scene = arcade.Scene()#map_name = f"地图\家1.json"  # jia{self.level}.json"# 层属性layer_options = {LAYER_platforms: {"use_spatial_hash": True,},LAYER_tree: {"use_spatial_hash": False,},}# 读地图文件self.tile_map = arcade.load_tilemap(map_name, TILE_Scaling, layer_options)print(self.tile_map.properties)# print(self.tile_map.get_tilemap_layer())# 使用我们的TileMap初始化场景，这将自动添加所有层，以正确的顺序在场景中显示为SpriteList。self.scene = arcade.Scene.from_tilemap(self.tile_map)print('精灵列表', self.scene)if self.reset_score:self.score = 0self.reset_score = Trueself.end_of_map = self.tile_map.width * GRID_pixel_size# 添加精灵列表，把玩家放在哪一层，前后层在此关健self.scene.add_sprite_list_after("Player", LAYER_platforms)# self.scene.add_sprite_list("Player")# self.scene.add_sprite_list("Walls", use_spatial_hash=True)# 添加角色.image_source = "images/1-1.png"self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(image_source, CHARACTER_Scaling)# self.player_sprite.center_x = 264# self.player_sprite.center_y = 128self.player_sprite.center_x = PLAYER_start_xself.player_sprite.center_y = PLAYER_start_yself.scene.add_sprite("Player", self.player_sprite)# self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEnginePlatformer(#     self.player_sprite, gravity_constant=GRAVITY, walls=self.scene[LAYER_tree]# )  # 此处的walls=指定支撑图层self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEngineSimple(self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list("fz"))# 设置背景色if self.tile_map.background_color:arcade.set_background_color(self.tile_map.background_color)def on_draw(self):self.clear()self.camera.use()  # 摄象机self.scene.draw()  # 摄相机与scence的顺序不能放错，否则不会移动self.gui_camera.use()# 在屏幕上绘制分数，用屏幕滚动score_text = f"得分: {self.score}"arcade.draw_text(score_text, 10, 500, arcade.csscolor.RED, 18, )def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):"""每当按下键时调用."""# if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:#     if self.physics_engine.can_jump():#         self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_jump_speed#         arcade.play_sound(self.jump_sound)if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_movement_speedelif key == arcade.key.DOWN or key == arcade.key.S:self.player_sprite.change_y = -PLAYER_movement_speedelif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:self.player_sprite.change_x = -PLAYER_movement_speedelif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:self.player_sprite.change_x = PLAYER_movement_speeddef on_key_release(self, key, modifiers):"""键盘释放时"""if key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:self.player_sprite.change_x = 0elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:self.player_sprite.change_x = 0elif key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:self.player_sprite.change_y = 0elif key == arcade.key.DOWN or key == arcade.key.S:self.player_sprite.change_y = 0def center_camera_to_player(self):"""摄相机随角色移动"""screen_center_x = self.player_sprite.center_x - (self.camera.viewport_width / 2)screen_center_y = self.player_sprite.center_y - (self.camera.viewport_height / 2)# 防止相机出界if screen_center_x < 0:screen_center_x = 0if screen_center_y < 0:screen_center_y = 0player_centered = screen_center_x, screen_center_y# print(player_centered)self.camera.move_to(player_centered)# print(self.player_sprite.center_x)def on_update(self, delta_time):"""运动和游戏逻辑"""self.physics_engine.update()  # 运用引擎移动角色# # 检测磁到的金币# coin_hit_list = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(#     self.player_sprite, self.scene["Coins"])## # 删除金币# for coin in coin_hit_list:#     coin.remove_from_sprite_lists()  # 删除金币#     arcade.play_sound(self.collect_coin_sound)#     self.score += 1# 掉下或level达到最后一关时，游戏结束，或重新开始if self.player_sprite.center_y < -100 or self.level==3:self.player_sprite.center_x = PLAYER_start_xself.player_sprite.center_y = PLAYER_start_yarcade.play_sound(self.game_over)# # 碰到不可碰物品，如水火，当前关卡重新开始# if arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(#         self.player_sprite, self.scene[LAYER_dont_touch]):#     self.player_sprite.change_x = 0#     self.player_sprite.change_y = 0#     self.player_sprite.center_x = PLAYER_start_x#     self.player_sprite.center_y = PLAYER_start_y#     arcade.play_sound(self.game_over)# 是否走到地图尽头if self.player_sprite.center_x >= self.end_of_map:# 关卡升级self.level += 1# 不需重新积分self.reset_score = False# 加载下个场景self.setup()self.center_camera_to_player()   # 摄象机def main():"""主程序"""window = MyGame()window.setup()arcade.run()if __name__ == "__main__":main()

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