服务器使用——解压常见文件tar、zip、rar等

一、解压文件

1.tar文件

tar -cf all.tar *.jpg # 这条命令是将所有.jpg的文件打成一个名为all.tar的包。-c是表示产生新的包，-f指定包的文件名
tar -rf all.tar *.jpg # 这条命令是将所有.jpg的文件增加到all.tar的包。-r是表示是增加文件
tar -uf all.tar logo.gif # 这条命令是更新原来tar包all.tar中logo.gif文件，-u表示更新文件
tar -tf all.tar # 这条命令是列出all.tar包中所有文件，-t是列出文件的意思
tar -xf all.tar # 这条命令是解出all.tar包中所有文件，-x是解开的意思# gzip 是 GNU 组织开发的一个压缩程序，.gz 结尾的文件就是 gzip 压缩的结果。与 gzip 相对的解压程序是 gunzip。tar 中使用 -z 这个参数来调用gzip
tar -czf all.tar.gz *.jpg # 这条命令是将所有 .jpg 的文件打成一个 tar 包，并且将其用 gzip 压缩，生成一个 gzip 压缩过的包，包名为 all.tar.gz
tar -xzf all.tar.gz # 这条命令是将上面产生的包解开# bzip2 是一个压缩能力更强的压缩程序，.bz2 结尾的文件就是 bzip2 压缩的结果。与 bzip2 相对的解压程序是 bunzip2。tar 中使用 -j 这个参数来调用 gzip。
tar -cjf all.tar.bz2 *.jpg # 这条命令是将所有 .jpg 的文件打成一个 tar 包，并且将其用 bzip2 压缩，生成一个 bzip2 压缩过的包，包名为 all.tar.bz2
tar -xjf all.tar.bz2 # 这条命令是将上面产生的包解开

2.zip文件

这篇关于zip博客写的挺全的，这里直接放链接。

3.rar文件

首先下载RAR 6.21 for Linux x64

下载完后安装：

tar -xzpvf rarlinux-64-621.tar.gz
cd rar
make

unrar e -r [rar文件] [解压到的文件夹] # 其中，-e 表示解压、-r 表示递归处理，[rar文件] 是要解压的 RAR 文件，[解压到的文件夹] 是指定的文件夹。例如，解压 test.rar 文件到 /home/user/data 文件夹，命令如下：
unrar e -r test.rar /home/user/data

加压后可以看到有一个rar.txt，里面有rar具体的使用方法。这里粘贴复制下来

                             User's Manual~~~~~~~~~~~~~RAR 6.21 console version~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-Welcome to the RAR Archiver!-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=Introduction~~~~~~~~~~~~RAR is a console application allowing to manage archive filesin command line mode. RAR provides compression, encryption,data recovery and many other functions described in this manual.RAR supports only RAR format archives, which have .rar file nameextension by default. ZIP and other formats are not supported.Even if you specify .zip extension when creating an archive, it willstill be in RAR format. Windows users may install WinRAR, which supportsmore archive types including RAR and ZIP formats.WinRAR provides both graphical user interface and command line mode.While console RAR and GUI WinRAR have the similar command line syntax,some differences exist. So it is recommended to use this rar.txt manualfor console RAR (rar.exe in case of Windows version) and winrar.chmWinRAR help file for GUI WinRAR (winrar.exe).Configuration file~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RAR and UnRAR for Unix read configuration information from .rarrc filein a user's home directory (stored in HOME environment variable)or in /etc directory.RAR and UnRAR for Windows read configuration information from rar.ini file,placed in the same directory as the rar.exe file.This file can contain the following string:switches=<any RAR switches separated by spaces>For example:switches=-m5 -sIt is also possible to specify separate switch sets for individualRAR commands using the following syntax:switches_<command>=<any RAR switches separated by spaces>For example:switches_a=-m5 -sswitches_x=-o+Environment variable~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Default parameters may be added to the RAR command line by establishingan environment variable "RAR".For instance, in Unix following lines may be added to your profile:RAR='-s -md1024'export RARRAR will use this string as default parameters in the command line andwill create "solid" archives with 1024 MB sliding dictionary size.RAR handles options with priority as following:command line switches                   highest priorityswitches in the RAR variable            lower priorityswitches saved in configuration file    lowest priorityLog file~~~~~~~~If switch -ilog is specified in the command line or configuration file,RAR will write informational messages about errors encountered whileprocessing archives into a log file. Read the switch -ilog descriptionfor more details.The file order list for solid archiving - rarfiles.lst~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rarfiles.lst contains a user-defined file list, which tells RARthe order in which to add files to a solid archive. It may containfile names, wildcards and special entry - $default. The defaultentry defines the place in order list for files not matchedwith other entries in this file. The comment character is ';'.In Windows this file should be placed in the same directory as RARor in %APPDATA%\WinRAR directory, in Unix - to the user's home directoryor in /etc.Tips to provide improved compression and speed of operation:- similar files should be grouped together in the archive;- frequently accessed files should be placed at the beginning.Normally masks placed nearer to the top of list have a higher priority,but there is an exception from this rule. If rarfiles.lst contains suchtwo masks that all files matched by one mask are also matched by another,that mask which matches a smaller subset of file names will have higherpriority regardless of its position in the list. For example, if you have*.cpp and f*.cpp masks, f*.cpp has a higher priority, so the position of'filename.cpp' will be chosen according to 'f*.cpp', not '*.cpp'.RAR command line syntax~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SyntaxRAR <command>  [ -<switches> ]  <archive>  [ <@listfiles...> ][ <files...> ]  [ <path_to_extract\> ]DescriptionCommand is a single character or string specifying an action to beperformed by RAR. Switches are designed to modify the way RAR performssuch action. Other parameters are archive name and files to be archivedor extracted.Listfiles are plain text files containing names of files to process.File names must start at the first column. It is possible toput comments to the listfile after // characters. For example,you can create backup.lst containing the following strings:c:\work\doc\*.txt         //backup text documentsc:\work\image\*.bmp       //backup picturesc:\work\miscand then run:rar a backup @backup.lstIf you wish to read file names from stdin (standard input),specify the empty listfile name (just @).By default, console RAR uses the single byte encoding in list files,but it can be redefined with -sc<charset>l switch.You can specify both usual file names and list files in the samecommand line. If neither files nor listfiles are specified,then *.* is implied and RAR will process all files.path_to_extract includes the destination directory name followed bya path separator character. For example, it can be c:\dest\ in Windowsor data/ in Unix. It specifies the directory to place extracted filesin 'x' and 'e' commands. This directory is created by RAR if it does notexist yet. Alternatively it can be set with -op<path> switch.Many RAR commands, such as extraction, test or list, allow to usewildcards in archive name. If no extension is specified in archivemask, RAR assumes .rar, so * means all archives with .rar extension.If you need to process all archives without extension, use *. mask.*.* mask selects all files. Wildcards in archive name are not allowedwhen archiving and deleting.In Unix you need to enclose RAR command line parameters containingwildcards in single or double quotes to prevent their expansionby Unix shell. For example, this command will extract *.asm filesfrom all *.rar archives in current directory:rar e '*.rar' '*.asm'Command could be any of the following:a       Add files to archive.Examples:1) add all *.hlp files from the current directory tothe archive help.rar:rar a help *.hlp2) archive all files from the current directory and subdirectoriesto 362000 bytes size solid, self-extracting volumesand add the recovery record to each volume:rar a -r -v362 -s -sfx -rr saveBecause no file names are specified, all files (*) are assumed.3) as a special exception, if directory name is specified asan argument and if directory name does not include file masksand trailing path separator, the entire contents of the directoryand all subdirectories will be added to the archive evenif switch -r is not specified.The following command will add all files from the directoryBitmaps and its subdirectories to the RAR archive Pictures.rar:rar a Pictures.rar Bitmaps4) if directory name includes the trailing path separator,normal rules apply and you need to specify switch -r to processits subdirectories.The following command will add all files from directory Bitmaps,but not from its subdirectories, because switch -r is notspecified:rar a Pictures.rar Bitmaps\*c       Add archive comment. Comments are displayed while the archive isbeing processed. Comment length is limited to 256 KB.Examples:rar c distrib.rarAlso comments may be added from a file using -z[file] switch.The following command adds a comment from info.txt file:rar c -zinfo.txt dummych      Change archive parameters.This command can be used with most of archive modificationswitches to modify archive parameters. It is especiallyconvenient for switches like -cl, -cu, -tl, which do nothave a dedicated command.It is not able to recompress, encrypt or decrypt archive dataand it cannot merge or create volumes. If no switches arespecified, 'ch' command just copies the archive data withoutmodification.If used with -amr switch to restore the saved archive nameand time, other archive modification switches are ignored.Example:Set archive time to latest file:rar ch -tl files.rarcw      Write archive comment to specified file.Format of output file depends on -sc switch.If output file name is not specified, comment data will besent to stdout.Examples:1) rar cw arc comment.txt2) rar cw -scuc arc unicode.txt3) rar cw arcd       Delete files from archive. If this command removes all filesfrom archive, the empty archive is removed.e       Extract files without archived paths.Extract files excluding their path component, so all filesare created in the same destination directory.Use 'x' command if you wish to extract full pathnames.Example:rar e -or html.rar *.css css\extract all *.css files from html.rar archive to 'css' directoryexcluding archived paths. Rename extracted files automaticallyin case several files have the same name.f       Freshen files in archive. Updates archived files olderthan files to add. This command will not add new filesto the archive.i[i|c|h|t]=<string>Find string in archives.Supports following optional parameters:i - case insensitive search (default);c - case sensitive search;h - hexadecimal search;t - use ANSI, UTF-8, UTF-16 and OEM (Windows only)character tables;If no parameters are specified, it is possible to usethe simplified command syntax i<string> instead of i=<string>It is allowed to specify 't' modifier with other parameters,for example, ict=string performs case sensitive searchusing all mentioned above character tables.Examples:1) rar "ic=first level" -r c:\*.rar *.txtPerform case sensitive search of "first level" stringin *.txt files in *.rar archives on the disk c:2) rar ih=f0e0aeaeab2d83e3a9 -r e:\texts\*.rarSearch for hex string f0 e0 ae ae ab 2d 83 e3 a9in rar archives in e:\texts directory.k       Lock archive.RAR cannot modify locked archives, so locking important archivesprevents their accidental modification by RAR. Such protectionmight be especially useful in case of RAR commands processingarchives in groups.This command is not intended or able to prevent modificationby other tools or willful third party. It implements a safetymeasure only for accidental data change by RAR.Example:rar k final.rarl[t[a],b]List archive contents [technical [all], bare].'l' command lists archived file attributes, size, date,time and name, one file per line. If file is encrypted,line starts from '*' character.'lt' displays the detailed file information in multiline mode.This information includes file checksum value, host OS,compression options and other parameters.'lta' provide the detailed information not only for files,but also for service headers like NTFS streamsor file security data.'lb' lists bare file names with path, one per line,without any additional information.You can use -v switch to list contents of all volumesin volume set: rar l -v vol.part1.rarCommands 'lt', 'lta' and 'lb' are equal to 'vt', 'vta'and 'vb' correspondingly.m[f]    Move to archive [files only]. Moving files and directoriesresults in the files and directories being erased uponsuccessful completion of the packing operation. Directories willnot be removed if 'f' modifier is used and/or '-ed' switch isapplied.p       Print file to stdout.Send unpacked file data to stdout. Informational messagesare suppressed with this command, so they are not mixedwith file data.r       Repair archive. Archive repairing is performed in two stages.First, the damaged archive is searched for a recovery record(see 'rr' command). If archive contains the previously addedrecovery record and if damaged data area is continuousand smaller than error correction code size in recovery record,chance of successful archive reconstruction is high.When this stage has been completed, a new archive is created,named as fixed.arcname.rar, where 'arcname' is the original(damaged) archive name.If broken archive does not contain a recovery record or ifarchive is not completely recovered due to major damage,second stage is performed. During this stage only the archivestructure is reconstructed and it is impossible to recoverfiles which fail checksum validation, it is still possible,however, to recover undamaged files, which were inaccessibledue to the broken archive structure. Mostly this is usefulfor non-solid archives. This stage is never efficientfor archives with encrypted file headers, which can be repairedonly if recovery record is present.When the second stage is completed, the reconstructed archiveis saved as rebuilt.arcname.rar, where 'arcname' isthe original archive name.By default, repaired archives are created in the currentdirectory, but you can append an optional destpath\ parameterto specify another destination directory.Example:rar r buggy.rar c:\fixed\repair buggy.rar and place the result to 'c:\fixed' directory.rc      Reconstruct missing and damaged volumes using recovery volumes(.rev files). You need to specify any existing  .rar or .revvolume as the archive name.Example:rar rc backup.part03.rarRead 'rv' command description for information aboutrecovery volumes.rn      Rename archived files.The command syntax is:rar rn <arcname> <srcname1> <destname1> ... <srcnameN> <destnameN>For example, the following command:rar rn data.rar readme.txt readme.bak info.txt info.bakwill rename readme.txt to readme.bak and info.txt to info.bakin the archive data.rar.It is allowed to use wildcards in the source and destinationnames for simple name transformations like changing fileextensions. For example:rar rn data.rar *.txt *.bakwill rename all *.txt files to *.bak.RAR does not check if the destination file name is alreadypresent in the archive, so you need to be careful to avoidduplicated names. It is especially important when usingwildcards. Such a command is potentially dangerous, becausea wrong wildcard may corrupt all archived names.rr[N]   Add data recovery record. Optionally, redundant information(recovery record) may be added to archive. While it increasesthe archive size, it helps to recover archived files in case ofdisk failure or data loss of other kind, provided that damageis not too severe. Such damage recovery can be done withcommand "r" (repair).RAR 4.x and RAR 5.0 archives use different recovery recordstructure and algorithms.RAR 4.x recovery record is based on XOR algorithm.You can specify 4.x record size as a number of recovery sectorsor as a percent of archive size. To specify a number of sectorsjust add it directly after 'rr', like 'rr1000' for 1000 sectors.To use a percent append 'p' or '%' modifier after the percentnumber, such as 'rr5p' or 'rr5%' for 5%. Note that in Windows.bat and .cmd files it is necessary to use 'rr5%%' instead of'rr5%', because the command processor treats the single '%'as the start of a batch file parameter, so it might be moreconvenient to use 'p' instead of '%' in this case.RAR 4.x recovery sectors are 512 bytes long. If damaged areais continuous, every sector helps to recover 512 bytes ofdamaged information. This value may be lower in cases ofmultiple damage. Maximum number of recovery sectors is 524288.Size of 4.x recovery record may be approximately determined as<archive size>/256 + <number of recovery sectors>*512 bytesand cannot exceed the protected data size or 256 MB,whatever is less.RAR 5.0 recovery record uses Reed-Solomon error correction codes.Its ability to repair continuous damage is about the sameas for RAR 4.x, allowing to restore slightly less data thanrecovery record size. But it is more efficient than RAR 4.xrecord in case of multiple damaged areas and shifted datapositions.RAR 5.0 record does not use 512 byte sectors and you can specifyits size only as a percent of archive size. Even if '%' or 'p'modifier is not present, RAR treats the value as a percentin case of RAR 5.0 format, so both 'rr5' and 'rr5p' mean 5%.Due to service data overhead the actual resulting recovery recordsize only approximately matches the user defined percentand difference is larger for smaller archives.Maximum allowed RAR 5.0 recovery record size is 1000%.Larger recovery records are processed slower both when creatingand repairing.RAR 5.0 recovery record is more resistant to damage of recoveryrecord itself and can utilize a partially corrupt recoveryrecord data. Note, though, that 'R' repair command does not fixbroken blocks in recovery record. Only file data are corrected.After successful archive repair, you may need to create a newrecovery record for saved files.If you use the plain 'rr' command without optional parameter,RAR will set the recovery record size to 3% of archive sizeby default.While the recovery record improves chances to repair damagedarchives, it does not guarantee the successful recovery.Consider combining the recovery record feature with makingmultiple archive copies to different media for important data.Example:rar rr5p arcnameadd the recovery record of 5% of archive size.rv[N]   Create recovery volumes (.rev files), which can be laterused to reconstruct missing and damaged files in a volumeset. This command makes sense only for multivolume archivesand you need to specify the name of the first volumein the set as the archive name. For example:rar rv3 data.part01.rarThis feature may be useful for backups or, for example,when you posted a multivolume archive to a newsgroupand a part of subscribers did not receive some of the files.Reposting recovery volumes instead of usual volumesmay reduce the total number of files to repost.Each recovery volume is able to reconstruct one missingor damaged RAR volume. For example, if you have 30 volumesand 3 recovery volumes, you are able to reconstruct any3 missing volumes. If the number of .rev files is less thanthe number of missing volumes, reconstructing is impossible.The total number of usual and recovery volumes must notexceed 255 for RAR 4.x and 65535 for RAR 5.0 archive format.Original RAR volumes must not be modified after creatingrecovery volumes. Recovery algorithm uses data stored bothin REV files and in RAR volumes to rebuild missing RAR volumes.So if you modify RAR volumes, for example, lock them, aftercreating REV files, recovery process will fail.Additionally to recovery data, RAR 5.0 recovery volumesalso store service information such as checksums of protectedRAR files. So they are slightly larger than RAR volumeswhich they protect. If you plan to copy individual RAR and REVfiles to some removable media, you need to take it into accountand specify RAR volume size by a few kilobytes smallerthan media size.The optional <N> parameter specifies a number of recoveryvolumes to create. It must be less than the total number ofRAR volumes in the set for RAR 4.x and must not be largerthan tenfold amount of RAR volumes for RAR 5.0 format.Values exceeding the threshold are adjusted automatically.You may also append a percent or 'p' character to this parameter,in such case the number of creating .rev files will be equal tothis percent taken from the total number of RAR volumes.For example:rar rv15% data.part01.rarIf <N> parameter is omitted, it is set to 10%.RAR reconstructs missing and damaged volumes either whenusing 'rc' command or automatically, if it cannot locatethe next volume and finds the required number of .rev fileswhen unpacking.Original copies of damaged volumes are renamed to *.badbefore reconstruction. For example, volname.part03.rarwill be renamed to volname.part03.rar.bad.s[name] Convert archive to SFX. The archive is merged with a SFX module(using a module in file default.sfx or specified in the switch).In the Windows version default.sfx should be placed in thesame directory as the rar.exe, in Unix - in the user'shome directory, in /usr/lib or /usr/local/lib.s-      Remove SFX module from the already existing SFX archive.RAR creates a new archive without SFX module, the originalSFX archive is not deleted.t       Test archive files. This command performs a dummy fileextraction, writing nothing to the output stream, in order tovalidate the specified file(s).Examples:Test archives in current directory:rar t *or for Unix:rar t '*'User may test archives in all sub-directories, startingwith the current path:rar t -r *or for Unix:rar t -r '*'u       Update files in archive. Adds files not yet in the archiveand updates archived files that are older than files to add.v[t[a],b]Verbosely list archive contents [technical [all], bare].'v' command lists archived file attributes, size, packed size,compression ratio, date, time, checksum and name, one fileper line. If file is encrypted, line starts from '*' character.For BLAKE2sp checksum only two first and one last symbol aredisplayed.'vt' displays the detailed file information in multiline mode.This information includes file checksum value, host OS,compression options and other parameters.'vta' provide the detailed information not only for files,but also for service headers like NTFS streamsor file security data.'vb' lists bare file names with path, one per line,without any additional information.You can use -v switch to list contents of all volumesin volume set: rar v -v vol.part1.rarCommands 'vt', 'vta' and 'vb' are equal to 'lt', 'lta'and 'lb' correspondingly.x       Extract files with full path.Examples:1) extract 10cents.txt to current directory not displayingthe archive commentrar x -c- dime 10cents.txt2) extract *.txt from docs.rar to c:\docs directoryrar x docs.rar *.txt c:\docs\3) extract the entire contents of docs.rar to current directoryrar x docs.rarSwitches (used in conjunction with a command):-?      Display help on commands and switches.Same as none or illegal command line option are entered.--      Stop switches scanningThis switch tells to RAR that there are no more switchesin the command line. It could be useful, if either archiveor file name starts from '-' character. Without '--' switchsuch a name would be treated as a switch.Example:add all files from the current directory to the solid archive'-StrangeName'RAR a -s -- -StrangeName-@[+]   Disable [enable] file listsRAR treats command line parameters starting from '@' characteras file lists. So by default, RAR attempts to read 'filename'filelist, when encountering '@filename' parameter.But if '@filename' file exists, RAR treats the parameteras '@filename' file instead of reading the file list.Switch -@[+] allows to avoid this ambiguity and strictlydefine how to handle parameters starting from '@' character.If you specify -@, all such parameters found after this switchwill be considered as file names, not file lists.If you specify -@+, all such parameters found after this switchwill be considered as file lists, not file names.This switch does not affect processing parameters locatedbefore it.Example:test the archived file '@home'rar t -@ notes.rar @home-ac     Clear Archive attribute after compression or extraction(Windows version only).If -ac is specified when archiving, "Archive" file attributeis cleared for successfully compressed files. When extracting,-ac will clear "Archive" attribute for extracted files.This switch does not affect directory attributes.-ad[1,2]Alternate destination path.This option may be useful when unpacking a group of archives.Switches -ad and -ad1 create a separate directory for filesunpacked from each archive. These separate directories arecreated in destination directory for -ad and in each archive'sdirectory for -ad1.Switch -ad2 places unpacked files directly to each archive'sdirectory. Separate directories are not created.Destination directory parameter is ignored for -ad1 and -ad2switches.Examples:1) rar x -ad *.rar data\RAR will create subdirectories below 'data'for every unpacking archive.2) rar x -r -ad1 arc\*.rarRAR will recursively scan 'arc' directory for *.rar archivesand create subdirectories in each archive's directory.-ag[format]Generate archive name using the current date and time.Appends the current date string to an archive name whencreating or processing an archive. Useful for daily backups.Format of the appending string is defined by the optional"format" parameter or by "YYYYMMDDHHMMSS" if this parameteris absent. The format string may include the followingcharacters:Y   - yearM   - monthMMM - month name as text string (Jan, Feb, etc.)W   - a week number (a week starts with Monday)A   - day of week number (Monday is 1, Sunday - 7)D   - day of monthE   - day of yearH   - hoursM   - minutes (first two 'M' after hours treated as minutes)I   - minutes (treated as minutes regardless of hours position)S   - secondsN   - archive number. RAR searches for already existing archivewith generated name and if found, increments the archivenumber until generating a unique name. 'N' format characteris not supported when creating volumes.When performing non-archiving operations like extracting,RAR selects the existing archive preceding the firstunused name or sets N to 1 if no such archive exists.Each of format string characters listed above represents onlyone character added to archive name. For example, use WW fortwo digit week number or YYYY to define four digit year.If the first character in the format string is '+', positionsof the date string and base archive name are exchanged,so a date will precede an archive name.If the first character in the format string is 'F', the rest ofstring specifies the default format string for -ag switch.Such -agf<default_format> switch has a practical value onlyif placed to rar.ini configuration file or RAR environmentvariable. For example, if we set RAR environment variable to-agfYYYY-MMM-DD, we can use -ag without a parameter with YYYY-MMM-DD format string assumed.The format string may contain optional text enclosed in '{'and '}' characters. This text is inserted into archive name.All other characters are added to an archive name withoutchanges.If you need to process an already existing archive, be carefulwith -ag switch. Depending on the format string and time passedsince previous -ag use, generated and existing archive namesmay mismatch. In this case RAR will create or open a new archiveinstead of processing the already existing one. You may use-log switch to write the generated archive name to a fileand then read it from file for further processing.Examples:1) use the default YYYYMMDDHHMMSS formatrar a -ag backup2) use DD-MMM-YY formatrar t -agDD-MMM-YY backup3) use YYYYMMDDHHMM format, place date before 'backup'rar a -ag+YYYYMMDDHHMM backup4) use YYYY-WW-A format, include fields descriptionrar a -agYYYY{year}-WW{week}-A{wday} backup5) use YYYYMMDD and the archive number. It allows to generateunique names even when YYYYMMDD format mask used more thanonce in the same dayrar a -agYYYYMMDD-NN backup-ai     Ignore file attributes.If this switch is used when extracting, RAR does not setgeneral file attributes stored in archive to extracted files.This switch preserves attributes assigned by operating systemto a newly created file.If this switch is used when archiving, predefined values,typical for file and directory, are stored instead of actualattributes.In Windows it affects archive, system, hidden and read-onlyattributes. in Unix - user, group, and other file permissions.-am[s,r]Archive name and time [save, restore]Switch -ams preserves the archive metadata, which includesthe original archive name and creation time. It can be usedwith archive modification commands, such as 'a' or 'ch'.Saved metadata is displayed in header of 'l' and 'v' archivelist commands.If used together with -tk or -tl switches, -ams savesthe archive modification time set by these switches.Switch -amr renames an archive to saved name. Also it setsthe stored time as the archive creation and modification timein Windows and as the archive modification time in Unix.It can be used together with 'ch' command only, which ignoresall other archive modification switches if -amr is specified.Switch -am without 's' and 'r' modifiers is treated as -ams.Examples:1) create files.rar and save its metadatarar a -am files.rar2) restore the original name of myfiles.rarrar ch -amr myfiles.rar-ao     Add files with "Archive" attribute set(Windows version only).If -ao is used when archiving, only files with "Archive"file attribute will be added to archive. This switch does notaffect directories, so all matching directories are addedregardless of their attributes. You can also specify -ed switchif you prefer to omit all directory records.Example:add all disk C: files with "Archive" attribute setto the 'f:backup' and clear files "Archive" attributerar a -r -ac -ao f:backup c:\*.*-ap<path>Set path inside archive. This path is merged to filenames when adding files to an archive and removedfrom file names when extracting.For example, if you wish to add the file 'readme.txt'to the directory 'DOCS\ENG' of archive 'release',you may run:rar a -apDOCS\ENG release readme.txtor to extract 'ENG' to the current directory:rar x -apDOCS release DOCS\ENG\*.*-as     Synchronize archive contentsIf this switch is used when archiving, those archived fileswhich are not present in the list of the currently addedfiles, will be deleted from the archive. It is convenient touse this switch in combination with -u (update) to synchronizecontents of archive and archiving directory.For example, after the command:rar a -u -as backup sources\*.cppthe archive 'backup.rar' will contain only *.cpp filesfrom directory 'sources', all other files will be deletedfrom the archive. It looks similar to creating a new archive,but with one important exception: if no files are modifiedsince the last backup, the operation is performed much fasterthan the creation of a new archive.-cfg-   Ignore configuration file and RAR environment variable.-cl     Convert file names to lower case.-cu     Convert file names to upper case.-c-     Disable comments show.-df     Delete files after archivingMove files to archive. This switch in combination withthe command "A" performs the same action as the command "M".-dh     Open shared filesAllows to process files opened by other applicationsfor writing.This switch helps if an application allowed read accessto file, but if all types of file access are prohibited,the file open operation will still fail.This option could be dangerous, because it allowsto archive a file, which at the same time is modifiedby another application, so use it carefully.-dr     Delete files to Recycle BinDelete files after archiving and place them to Recycle Bin.Available in Windows version only.-ds     Do not sort files while adding to a solid archive.-dw     Wipe files after archivingDelete files after archiving. Before deleting file dataare overwritten by zero bytes to prevent recovery of deletedfiles, file is truncated and renamed to temporary name.Please be aware that such approach is designed for usualhard disks, but may fail to overwrite the original file dataon solid state disks, as result of SSD wear leveling technologyand more complicated data addressing.-ed     Do not add empty directoriesThis switch indicates that directory records are not to bestored in the created archive. When extracting such archives,RAR creates non-empty directories based on paths of filescontained in them. Information about empty directories islost. All attributes of non-empty directories except a name(access rights, streams, etc.) will be lost as well, so usethis switch only if you do not need to preserve such information.If -ed is used with 'm' command or -df switch, RAR will notremove empty directories.-ep     Exclude paths from names. This switch enables files to beadded to an archive without including the path information.This could result in multiple files with the same nameexisting in the archive.If used when extracting, archived paths are ignoredfor extracted files, so all files are created in the samedestination directory.-ep1    Exclude base dir from names. Do not store or extract the pathentered in the command line. Ignored if path includes wildcards.Examples:1) add all files and directories from 'tmp' directory to archive'test', but exclude 'tmp\' from archived names path:rar a -ep1 -r test tmp\*This is an equivalent to commands:cd tmprar a -r ..\testcd ..2) extract files matching images\* mask to dest\ directory,but remove 'images\' from paths of created files:rar x -ep1 data images\* dest\-ep2    Expand paths to full. Store full file paths (except the driveletter and leading path separator) when archiving.-ep3    Expand paths to full including the drive letter.Windows version only.This switch stores full file paths including the driveletter if used when archiving. Drive separators (colons)are replaced by underscore characters.If you use -ep3 when extracting, it will changeunderscores back to colons and create unpacked filesin their original directories and disks. If the useralso specified a destination path, it will be ignored.It also converts UNC paths from \\server\share to__server\share when archiving and restores them tothe original state when extracting.This switch can help to backup several disks to the samearchive. For example, you may run:rar a -ep3 -r backup.rar c:\ d:\ e:\to create backup and:rar x -ep3 backup.rarto restore it.But be cautious and use -ep3 only if you are sure thatextracting archive does not contain any malicious files.In other words, use it if you have created an archive yourselfor completely trust its author. This switch allows to overwriteany file in any location on your computer including importantsystem files and should normally be used only for the purposeof backup and restore.-ep4<path>Exclude the path prefix from names.If this switch is used when archiving, the specified pathis excluded from archived names if it is found in the beginningof such name, but does not match the entire name. Comparisonis performed with names already prepared to store in archive,with removed drive letters and leading path separators.For example:rar a -ep4texts\books archive c:\texts\books\technicalremoves "text\books" from archived names, so they startfrom 'technical'. Since comparison is performed with names,as they are stored in archive, we can't use -ep4c:\texts\books.If this switch is used when extracting, it works similarly to-ap<path> switch. Path is removed if it is presentin the beginning of archived file name. For example:rar x -ep4texts\books archiveremoves 'texts\books' from those archived paths,which start from it.-e[+]<attr>Specifies file exclude or include attributes mask.<attr> is a number in the decimal, octal (with leading '0')or hex (with leading '0x') format.By default, without '+' sign before <attr>, this switchdefines the exclude mask. So if result of bitwise AND between<attr> and file attributes is nonzero, file would not beprocessed.If '+' sign is present, it specifies the include mask.Only those files which have at least one attribute specifiedin the mask will be processed.In Windows version is also possible to use symbols D, S, H,A and R instead of a digital mask to denote directoriesand files with system, hidden, archive and read-only attributes.The order in which the attributes are given is not significant.Unix version supports D and V symbols to define directoryand device attributes.It is allowed to specify both -e<attr> and -e+<attr>in the same command line.Examples:1) archive only directory names without their contentsrar a -r -e+d dirs2) do not compress system and hidden files:rar a -esh files3) do not extract read-only files:rar x -er files-f      Freshen files. May be used with archive extraction or creation.The command string "a -f" is equivalent to the command 'f', youcould also use the switch '-f' with the commands 'm' or 'mf'. Ifthe switch '-f' is used with the commands 'x' or 'e', then onlyold files would be replaced with new versions extracted from thearchive.-hp[p]  Encrypt both file data and headers.This switch is similar to -p[pwd], but switch -p encryptsonly file data and leaves other information like file namesvisible. This switch encrypts all sensitive archive areasincluding file data, file names, sizes, attributes, commentsand other blocks, so it provides a higher security level.Without a password it is impossible to view even the list offiles in archive encrypted with -hp.Example:rar a -hpfGzq5yKw secret report.txtwill add the file report.txt to the encrypted archivesecret.rar using the password 'fGzq5yKw'-ht[b|c]Select hash type [BLAKE2,CRC32] for file checksum.File data integrity in RAR archive is protected by checksumscalculated and stored for every archived file.By default, RAR uses CRC32 function to calculate the checksum.RAR 5.0 archive format also allows to select BLAKE2sp hashfunction instead of CRC32.Specify -htb switch for BLAKE2sp and -htc for CRC32 hash function.Since CRC32 is the default algorithm, you may need -htc only tooverride -htb in RAR configuration.CRC32 output is 32 bit length. While CRC32 properties aresuitable to detect most of unintentional data errors,it is not reliable enough to verify file data identity.In other words, if two files have the same CRC32,it does not guarantee that file contents is the same.BLAKE2sp output is 256 bit. Being a cryptographically stronghash function, it practically guarantees that if two fileshave the same value of BLAKE2sp, their contents is the same.BLAKE2sp error detection property is also more reliable thanin shorter CRC32.Since BLAKE2sp output is longer, resulting archive isslightly larger for -htb switch.If archive headers are unencrypted (no switch -hp), checksumsfor encrypted RAR 5.0 files are modified using a specialpassword dependent algorithm, to make impossible guessingfile contents based on checksums. Do not expect such encryptedfile checksums to match usual CRC32 and BLAKE2sp values.This switch is supported only by RAR 5.0 format, so youneed to use -ma switch with it.You can see checksums of archived files using 'vt' or 'lt'commands.Example:rar a -ma -htb lists.rar *.lstwill add *.lst to lists.rar using BLAKE2sp for file checksums.-id[c,d,n,p,q]Display or disable messages.Switch -idc disables the copyright string.Switch -idd disables "Done" string at the end of operation.Switch -idn disables archived names output when creating,testing or extracting an archive. It disables directory creationmessages when unpacking a file to non-existing directory.It can affect some other archive processing commands as well.It does not hide other messages and total percentage indicator.Minor visual artifacts, such as percentage indicator overwritingfew last characters of error messages, are possible with -idn.Switch -idp disables the percentage indicator.Switch -idq turns on the quiet mode, so only error messagesand questions are displayed.It is allowed to use several modifiers at once,so switch -idcdp is correct.-ieml[.][addr]Send archive by email. Windows version only.Attach an archive created or updated by the add commandto email message. You need to have a MAPI compliant emailclient to use this switch (most modern email programssupport MAPI interface).You may enter a destination email address directlyin the switch or leave it blank. In the latter case youwill be asked for it by your email program. It is possibleto specify several addresses separated by commas or semicolons.If you append a dot character to -ieml, an archive will bedeleted after it was successfully attached to an email.If the switch is used when creating a multivolume archive,every volume is attached to a separate email message.-ierr   Send all messages to stderr.-ilog[name]Log errors to file.Write error messages to rar.log file. If optional 'name'parameter is not specified, the log file is createdusing the following defaults:Unix:    .rarlog file in the user's home directory;Windows: rar.log file in %APPDATA%\WinRAR directory.If 'name' parameter includes a file name without path,RAR will create the log file in the default directorymentioned above using the specified name. Include both pathand name to 'name' parameter if you wish to changethe location of log file.By default, log file uses UTF-16 little endian encoding,but it can be changed with -sc<charset>g switch, such as -scagfor native single byte encoding.Example:rar a -ilogc:\log\backup.log backup d:\docswill create c:\log\backup.log log file in case of errors.-inul   Disable all messages.-ioff[n]Turn PC off after completing an operation.Use -ioff or -ioff1 to turn PC off, -ioff2 to hibernate,-ioff3 to sleep and -ioff4 to restart. Appropriate power featuresmust be supported by operating system.If several RAR copies are started with this switch,PC is turned off by a copy finished last.Windows version only.-isnd[-]Control notification sounds.Use -isnd to enable notification sounds and -isnd- to disable them.-iver   Display the version number and quit. You can run just "RAR -iver".-k      Lock archive.Prevents accidental archive modification by RAR.See the 'k' command description for details.Example:rar a -k final.rar srcfiles-kb     Keep broken extracted files.RAR, by default, deletes files with checksum errorsafter extraction. The switch -kb specifies that fileswith checksum errors should not be deleted.-log[fmt][=name]Write names to log file.This switch allows to write archive and file names to specifiedtext file in archiving, extracting, deleting and listing commands.Its behavior is defined by 'fmt' string, which can include oneor more of following characters:A - write archive names to log file. If RAR creates or processesvolumes, all volume names are logged.F - write processed file names to log file. It includesfiles added to archive and extracted, deleted or listedfiles inside of archive.P - if log file with specified name exists, append datato existing file instead of creating a new one.U - write data in Unicode format.If neither 'A' nor 'F' are specified, 'A' is assumed.'name' parameter allows to specify the name of log file.It must be separated from 'fmt' string by '=' character.If 'name' is not present, RAR will use the default rarinfo.logfile name.It is allowed to specify several -log switches in the samecommand line.This switch can be particularly useful, when you need to processan archive created with -ag or -v switches in a batch script.You can specify -loga=arcname.txt when creating an archiveand then read an archive name generated by RAR from arcname.txtwith an appropriate command. For example, in Windows batch fileit can be: set /p name=<arcname.txt.Examples:1) write names of created volumes to vollist.txt:rar a -v100m -loga=vollist.txt volume.rar c:\data2) write the generated archive name to backup.txt in Unicode:rar a -ag -logau=backup.txt backup.rar myfiles\*3) write names of tested volumes to vollist.txt and namesof tested archived files inside of volumes to filelist.txt:rar t -log=vollist.txt -logf=filelist.txt volume.part01.rar-m<n>   Set compression method:-m0   store     do not compress file when adding to archive-m1   fastest   use fastest method (less compressive)-m2   fast      use fast compression method-m3   normal    use normal (default) compression method-m4   good      use good compression method (morecompressive, but slower)-m5   best      use best compression method (slightly morecompressive, but slowest)If this switch is not specified, RAR uses -m3 method(normal compression).-ma[4|5]Specify a version of archiving format.By default RAR creates archives in RAR 5.0 format.Use -ma4 to create RAR 4.x archives.Use -ma5 or just -ma in case you need to override -ma4 savedin configuration and force RAR to use RAR 5.0 format.This switch is used only when creating a new archive.It is ignored when updating an existing archive.-mc<par>Set advanced compression parameters.This switch is intended mainly for benchmarking andexperiments. In the real environment it is usually betterto allow RAR to select optimal parameters automatically.Please note that improper use of this switch may leadto very serious performance and compression loss, so useit only if you clearly understand what you do.It has the following syntax:-mc[param1][:param2][module][+ or -]where <module> is the one character field denoting a partof the compression algorithm, which has to be configured.It may have the following values:A       - audio compression;C       - true color (RGB) data compression;D       - delta compression;E       - x86 executable compression;T       - text compression.RAR 5.0 archive format supports only 'D' and 'E' values.'+' sign at the end of switch applies the selected algorithmmodule to all processed data, '-' disables the module at all.If no sign is specified, RAR will choose modules automatically,based on data and the current compression method.Switch -mc- disables all optional modules and allows onlythe general compression algorithm.<Param1> and <Param2> are module dependent parametersdescribed below.Audio compression, delta compression:<Param1> is a number of byte channels (can be 1 - 31).RAR splits multibyte channels to bytes, for example,two 16-bit audio channels are considered by RAR as fourchannels one byte each.<Param2> is ignored.x86 Intel executable compression, true color (RGB) datacompression:<Param1> and <Param2> are ignored.Text compression:Text compression algorithm provides noticeably higher compressionon plain text data. But it cannot utilize several CPU coresefficiently resulting in slower compression time comparing togeneral algorithm in multicore and multiprocessor environment.Also its decompression speed is much slower than in generalalgorithm regardless of CPU cores number. This is whythe text compression is disabled by default. You can specify-mct switch to allow RAR to select this algorithm automaticallyfor suitable data. Switch -mct+ will force use of the textcompression for all data.Switch -mct can also include <Param1> and <Param2>, so itsfull syntax is -mc[param1][:param2]t[+ or -].<Param1> is the order of PPM algorithm (can be 2 - 63).Usually a higher value slightly increases the compression ratioof redundant data, but only if enough memory is availableto PPM. In case of lack of memory the result may be negative.Higher order values decrease both compression and decompressionspeed.<Param2> is memory in megabytes allocated for PPM (1-128).Higher values may increase the compression ratio, but notethat PPM uses the equal memory size both to compress anddecompress, so if you allocate too much memory when creatingan archive, other people may have problems when decompressingit on a computer with less memory installed. Decompressionwill be still possible using virtual memory, but it maybecome very slow.Examples:1) switch -mc1a+ forces use of 8-bit mono audio compressionfor all data.2) switch -mc10:40t+ forces use of text compressionalgorithm for all data, sets the compression order to 10and allocates 40 MB memory.3) switch -mc12t sets the text compression order to 12,when the text compression is used, but leaves to RAR todecide when to use it.4) switches -mct -mcd- allow RAR to apply the text compressionto suitable data and disable the delta compression.-md<n>[k,m,g]Select the dictionary size.Sliding dictionary is the memory area used by compressionalgorithm to find and compress repeated data patterns. If size of file being compressed (or total files size in caseof solid archive) is larger than dictionary size, increasingthe dictionary is likely to increase the compression ratio,reduce the archiving speed and increase memory requirements.For RAR 4.x archive format the dictionary size can be:64 KB, 128 KB, 256 KB, 512 KB, 1 MB, 2 MB, 4 MB.For RAR 5.0 archive format the dictionary size can be:128 KB, 256 KB, 512 KB, 1 MB, 2 MB, 4 MB, 8 MB, 16 MB,32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB.You can use 'k', 'm' and 'g' modifiers to specify the sizein kilo-, mega- and gigabytes, like -md64m for 64 MB dictionary.If no modifier is specified, megabytes are assumed,so -md64m and -md64 are equal.When archiving, RAR needs about 6x memory of specifieddictionary size, so 512 MB and 1 GB sizes are availablein 64 bit RAR version only. When extracting, slightly morethan a single dictionary size is allocated, so both 32and 64 bit versions can unpack archives with all dictionariesup to and including 1 GB.If size of all source files for solid archive or size of largestsource file for non-solid archive is at least twice less thandictionary size, RAR can reduce the dictionary size. It helpsto lower memory usage without decreasing compression.Default sliding dictionary size is 4 MB for RAR 4.xand 32 MB for RAR 5.0 archive format.Example:RAR a -s -ma -md128 lib *.dllcreate a solid archive in RAR 5.0 format with 128 MB dictionary.-me[par]Set encryption parameters.Now only "s" parameter is supported. You can use -mes switchto skip encrypted files when extracting or testing.-ms[list]Specify file types to store.Specify file types, which will be stored without compression.This switch may be used to store already compressed files,which helps to increase archiving speed without noticeableloss in the compression ratio.Optional <list> parameter defines the list of file extensionsseparated by semicolons. For example, -msrar;zip;jpg willforce RAR to store without compression all RAR and ZIParchives and JPG images. It is also allowed to specify wildcardfile masks in the list, so -ms*.rar;*.zip;*.jpg will work too.Several -ms switches are permitted, such as -msrar -mszipinstead of -msrar;zip.In Unix -ms switch containing several file types needs to beenclosed in quote marks. It protects semicolons from processingby Unix shell. Another solution is to use individual -ms<type>switches for every file type.If <list> is not specified, -ms switch will use the defaultset of extensions, which includes the following file types:7z, ace, arj, bz2, cab, gz, jpeg, jpg, lha, lz, lzh, mp3,rar, taz, tbz2, tgz, txz, zst, xz, z, zip, zipx, tzst-mt<threads>Set the number of threads.<threads> parameter can take values from 1 to 64.It defines the recommended maximum number of active threadsfor compression algorithm also as for other RAR modules,which can start several threads. While RAR attempts to followthis recommendation, sometimes the real number of activethreads can exceed the specified value.Change of <threads> parameter slightly affects the compressionratio, so archives created with different -mt switcheswill not be exactly the same even if all other compressionsettings are equal.If -mt switch is not specified, RAR will try to detectthe number of available processors and select the optimalnumber of threads automatically.-n<f>   Additionally filter included files.Apply the mask as an additional filter to included file list.Wildcards can be used both in the name and file parts offile mask. See switch -x description for details on mask syntax.You can specify the switch '-n' several times.This switch does not replace usual file masks, which stillneed to be entered in the command line. It is an additionalfilter limiting processed files only to those matchingthe include mask specified in -n switch. It can help toreduce the command line length sometimes.For example, if you need to compress all *.txt and *.lstfiles in directories Project and Info, you can enter:rar a -r text Project\*.txt Project\*.lst Info\*.txt Info\*.lstor using the switch -n:rar a -r -n*.txt -n*.lst text Project Info-n@<lf> Read additional filter masks from list file.Similar to -n<f> switch, but reads filter masks fromthe list file. If you use -n@ without the list file nameparameter, it will read filter masks from stdin.This switch does not replace usual list files or file masks,which still need to be entered in the command line.It is an additional filter limiting processed files only tothose matching the include mask specified in -n switch.Example:rar a -r -n@inclist.txt text Project Info @listfile.txt-oc     Set NTFS Compressed attribute. Windows version only.This switch allows to restore NTFS Compressed attributewhen extracting files. RAR saves Compressed file attributewhen creating an archive, but does not restore it unless-oc switch is specified.-oh     Save hard links as the link instead of the file.If archiving files include several hard links, store the firstarchived hard link as usual file and the rest of hard linksin the same set as links to this first file. When extractingsuch files, RAR will create hard links instead of usual files.You must not delete or rename the first hard link in archiveafter the archive was created, because it will make extractionof following links impossible. If you modify the first link,all following links will also have the modified contentsafter extracting. Extraction command must involve the firsthard link to create following hard links successfully.This switch is supported only by RAR 5.0 format.-oi[0-4][:<minsize>]Save identical files as references.Switch -oi0 (or just -oi-) turns off identical file processing,so such files are compressed as usual files. It can be used tooverride another -oi value stored in RAR configuration.If -oi1 (or just -oi) is specified, RAR analyzes the filecontents before starting archiving. If several identical filesare found, the first file in the set is saved as usual fileand all following files are saved as references to this firstfile. It allows to reduce the archive size, but applies somerestrictions to resulting archive. You must not delete or renamethe first identical file in archive after the archive wascreated, because it will make extraction of following filesusing it as a reference impossible. If you modify the first file,following files will also have the modified contentsafter extracting.While typically it is possible to unpack a reference withoutunpacking the first file, in some cases it might be necessaryto involve the first file into extraction to create followingfiles successfully. Such cases include a multivolume archivestored on several removable media and archives containinga very large number of references.It is recommended to use -oi only if you compress a lot ofidentical files and will not modify an archive later.If all identical files are small enough to fit intocompression dictionary specified with -md<n> switch,switch -s can provide more flexible solution than -oi.Switch -oi2 is similar to -oi1, with the only difference:it will display names of found identical files before startingarchiving.Switches -oi3 and -oi4 allow to utilize RAR to generatelists of identical files. Though you still need to providea dummy archive name to make the command syntax valid,in this mode an archive is not created and nothing is compressed.If -oi3 is used, file sizes and names are displayedand every identical file group is separated with empty line.Switch -oi4 displays bare file names and skips the firstidentical file in every file group, so only duplicatesare listed.Optional <minsize> value allows to define the minimum file sizethreshold. Files smaller than <minsize> are not analyzedand not considered as identical. If this parameter is notpresent, it is assumed to be 64 KB by default. Selectingtoo small <minsize> may increase the time required to detectidentical files.Switches -oi1 and -oi2 are supported only by RAR 5.0 format.Examples:1) rar a -oi -ma archiveSave contents of current directory to archive.rar.Store identical files as references.2) rar a -oi3:1000000 -r dummy c:\photo\*.jpgList all duplicate *.jpg files, larger than or equal to1000000 bytes, found in c:\photo and its subdirectories.-ol[a]  Process symbolic links as the link [absolute paths]Save symbolic links as links, so file or directory contentsis not archived. In Windows version it also saves reparse pointsas links. Such archive entries are restored as symbolic linksor reparse points when extracting.Supported both for RAR 4.x and RAR 5.0 archives in RAR for Unixand only for RAR 5.0 archives in RAR for Windows.In Windows you may need to run RAR as administrator to createsymbolic links when extracting.RAR adds all links regardless of target when archiving with-ol switch. When extracting, to prevent placing files outsideof destination directory RAR can skip symbolic links withabsolute paths, the excessive number of ".." in link targetor other potentially dangerous link parameters. Also it canconvert some of links to directories. You can turn off thesesecurity checks and extract all links as is with -ola switch.Placing files outside of destination directory can presenta security risk when extracting. Use -ola switch only if youare sure that archive contents is safe, such as your own backup.Links that are considered safe by RAR are extracted alwaysregardless of -ol or -ola switch.-oni    Allow potentially incompatible names.While NTFS file system permits file names with trailing spacesand dots, also as reserved device names, a lot of Windowsprograms fail to process such names correctly. If this switchis not specified, RAR removes trailing spaces and dots, if any, from file names when extracting. It also inserts the underscorecharacter in the beginning of reserved device names, such as aux.Specify this switch if you need to extract such names as is.It might be associated with compatibility or even security risks.Windows version only.-op<path>Set the output path.Specify the directory to place extracted files in 'x' and 'e'commands. This directory is created by RAR if it does notexist yet.Unlike <path_to_extract\> command line parameter, -op switchalso accepts paths without trailing path separator character.Example:rar x -opdest archiveunpacks contents of archive.rar to 'dest' directory.-or     Rename extracted files automatically if file with the same namealready exists. Renamed file will get the name like'filename(N).txt', where 'filename.txt' is the original filename and 'N' is a number starting from 1 and incrementingif file exists.-os     Save NTFS streams. Windows version only.This switch has meaning only for NTFS file system and allowsto save alternate data streams associated with a file.You may need to specify it when archiving if you use softwarestoring data in alternative streams and wish to preservethese streams.Streams are not saved for NTFS encrypted files.-ow     Use this switch when archiving to save file securityinformation and when extracting to restore it.Unix RAR version saves file owner and group when usingthis switch.Windows version stores owner, group, file permissions andaudit information, but only if you have necessary privilegesto read them. Note that only NTFS file system supportsfile based security under Windows.-o[+|-] Set the overwrite mode. Can be used both when extractingand updating archived files. Following modes are available:-o           Ask before overwrite(default for extracting files);-o+          Overwrite all(default for updating archived files);-o-          Skip existing files.-p[pwd] Set passwordSet password <pwd> to encrypt files when archivingor to decrypt when extracting.Passwords are case-sensitive. Maximum password length is127 characters. Longer passwords are truncated to this length.If you omit a password in command line, you will be promptedwith "Enter password" message. You can also use file redirectionor pipe to specify a password if <pwd> parameter is missing.Examples:1) rar a -psecret texts.rar *.txtadd files *.txt and encrypt them with password "secret".2) rar -p texts.rar *.txt < psw.txtset contents of psw.txt file as a password.-qo[-|+]Add quick open information [none|force]RAR archives store every file header containing informationsuch as file name, time, size and attributes immediatelybefore data of described file. This approach is more damageresistant than storing all file headers in a single continuousblock, which if broken or truncated would destroy the entirearchive contents. But while being more reliable, such fileheaders scattered around the entire archive are slower toaccess if we need to quickly open the archive contents in a shell like WinRAR graphical interface.To improve archive open speed and still not make the entirearchive dependent on a single damaged block, RAR 5.0 archivescan include an optional quick open record. Such record isadded to the end of archive and contains copies of file namesand other file information stored in a single continuous blockadditionally to normal file headers inside of archive.Since the block is continuous, its contents can be read quickly,without necessity to perform a lot of disk seek operations.Every file header in this block is protected with a checksum.If RAR detects that quick open information is damaged,it resorts to reading individual headers from inside of archive,so damage resistance is not lessened.Quick open record contains the full copy of file header,which may be several tens or hundreds of bytes per file,increasing the archive size by the same amount. This sizeincrease is most noticeable for many small files, when filedata size is comparable to file header. So by default,if no -qo is specified or -qo without parameter is used,RAR stores copies of headers only for relatively large filesand continues to use local headers for smaller files.Concrete file size threshold can depend on RAR version.Such approach provides a reasonable open speed to archive sizetradeoff. If you prefer to have the maximum archive open speedregardless of size, you can use -qo+ to store copies of allfile headers. If you need to have the smallest possible archiveand do not care about archive open speed in different programs,specify -qo- to exclude the quick open information completely.If you wish to measure the performance effect of this switch,be sure that archive contents is not stored in a disk cache.No real disk seeks are performed for cached archive file,making access to file headers fast even without quick openrecord.-r      Recurse subdirectories. May be used with commands:a, u, f, m, x, e, t, p, v, l, c, cf and s.When used with the commands 'a', 'u', 'f', 'm' will processfiles in all sub-directories as well as the current workingdirectory.When used with the commands x, e, t, p, v, l, c, cf or s willprocess all archives in sub-directories as well as the currentworking directory.-r-     Disable recursion.Even without -r switch RAR can enable the recursionautomatically in some situations. Switch -r- prohibits it.If you specify a directory name when archiving and if suchname does not include wildcards, by default RAR addsthe directory contents even if switch -r is not specified.Also RAR automatically enables the recursion if disk rootwithout wildcards is specified as a file mask. Switch -r-disables such behavior.For example:rar a -r- arc dirnamecommand will add only the empty 'dirname' directory and ignoreits contents. Following command:rar a -r- arc c:\will compress contents of root c: directory only andwill not recurse into subdirectories.-r0     Similar to -r, but when used with the commands 'a', 'u', 'f','m' will recurse into subdirectories only for those file masks,which include wildcard characters '*' and '?'.This switch works only for file names. Directory names withouta file name part, such as 'dirname', are not affected by -r0and their contents is added to archive completely unless -r-switch is specified.Example:rar a -r0 docs.rar *.doc readme.txtadd *.doc files from the current directory and its subdirectoriesand readme.txt only from the current directory to docs.rararchive. In case of usual -r switch, RAR would search forreadme.txt in subdirectories too.-ri<p>[:<s>]Set priority and sleep time. Available only in RAR for Windows.This switch regulates system load by RAR in multitaskingenvironment. Possible task priority <p> values are 0 - 15.If <p> is 0, RAR uses the default task priority.<p> equal to 1 sets the lowest possible priority,15 - the highest possible.Sleep time <s> is a value from 0 to 1000 (milliseconds).This is a period of time that RAR gives back to the systemafter read or write operations while compressing or extracting.Non-zero <s> may be useful if you need to reduce system loadeven more than can be achieved with <p> parameter.Example:execute RAR with default priority and 10 ms sleep time:rar a -ri0:10 backup *.*-rr[N]  Add data recovery record. This switch is used when creatingor modifying an archive to add a data recovery record tothe archive. See the 'rr[N]' command description for details.-rv[N]  Create recovery volumes. This switch is used when creatinga multivolume archive to generate recovery volumes.See the 'rv[N]' command description for details.-s      Create solid archive. A solid archive is an archive packed bya special compression method, which treats several or allfiles, within the archive, as one continuous data stream.Solid archiving significantly increases compression, whenadding a large number of small, similar files. But it alsohas a few important disadvantages: slower updating of existingsolid archives, slower access to individual files, lowerdamage resistance.Usually files in a solid archive are sorted by extension.But it is possible to disable sorting with -ds switch or setan alternative file order using a special file, rarfiles.lst.Example:create solid archive sources.rar with 512 KB dictionary,recursing all directories, starting with the current directory.Add only .asm files:rar a -s -md512 sources.rar *.asm -r-s<N>   Create solid groups using file countSimilar to -s, but resets solid statistics after compressing<N> files. Usually decreases compression, but alsodecreases losses in case of solid archive damages.-sc<charset>[objects]Specify the character set.'Charset' parameter is mandatory and can have oneof the following values:U - Unicode UTF-16;F - Unicode UTF-8;A - the native single byte encoding, which is ANSIfor Windows version;O - OEM (DOS) encoding. Windows version only.Endianness of source UTF-16 files, such as list filesor comments, is detected based on the byte order mark.If byte order mask is missing, little endian encoding is assumed.'Objects' parameter is optional and can have one ofthe following values:G - log files produced by -ilog switch;L - list files;C - comment files;R - messages sent to redirected files and pipes (Windows only). It is allowed to specify more than one object, for example,-scolc. If 'objects' parameter is missing, 'charset' is appliedto all objects.This switch allows to specify the character set for filesin -z[file] switch, list files and comment files written by"cw" command.Examples:1) rar a -scol data @listRead names contained in 'list' using OEM encoding.2) rar c -scuc -zcomment.txt dataRead comment.txt as Unicode file.3) rar cw -scuc data comment.txtWrite comment.txt as Unicode file.4) rar lb -scur data > list.txtSave archived file names in data.rar to list.txt in Unicode.-se     Create solid groups using extensionSimilar to -s, but resets solid statistics if file extensionis changed. Usually decreases compression, but alsodecreases losses from solid archive damages.-sfx[name]Create SFX archives. If this switch is used when creating a newarchive, a Self-Extracting archive (using a module in filedefault.sfx or specified in the switch) would be created.In the Windows version default.sfx should be placed in thesame directory as the rar.exe, in Unix - in the user'shome directory, in /usr/lib or /usr/local/lib.Example:rar a -sfxwincon.sfx myinstcreate SelF-eXtracting (SFX) archive using wincon.sfxSFX-module.-si[name]Read data from stdin (standard input), when creating, extractingor testing an archive. When archiving, the optional 'name' parameter allows to specifya file name of compressed stdin data in the created archive.If this parameter is missing, the name will be set to 'stdin'.When extracting, the archive name specified in the command lineis used only in informational messages, but actual archive datais read from stdin. So any dummy archive name can be applied.RAR cannot perform operations requiring backward seekswhen reading archive data from stdin. Incomplete list offeatures unavailable in such mode includes displaying archivecomments, testing the recovery record, utilizing the quick openinformation, processing multivolume archives.Any prompts requiring user interaction are not allowed with-si and lead to program termination. If overwriting existingfiles or unpacking encrypted files is possible, avoid suchprompts with -o[+|-|r], -p<pwd> or -mes switches.Examples:1) compress 'type readme.txt' output as 'readme.rar' filetype readme.txt | rar a -sireadme.txt readme.rar2) unpack docs.rar to 'docs' directorytype docs.rar | rar x -si -o+ -pmypwd dummy docs\-sl<size>Process only those files, which size is less thanspecified in <size> parameter of this switch.Parameter <size> must be specified in bytes.-sm<size>Process only those files, which size is more thanspecified in <size> parameter of this switch.Parameter <size> must be specified in bytes.-sv     Create independent solid volumesBy default RAR tries to reset solid statistics as soonas possible when starting a new volume, but onlyif enough data was packed after a previous reset(at least a few megabytes).This switch forces RAR to ignore packed data size and attemptto reset statistics for volumes of any size. It decreasescompression, but increases chances to extract a part of dataif one of several solid volumes in a volume set was lostor damaged.Note that sometimes RAR cannot reset statistics evenusing this switch. For example, it cannot be done whencompressing one large file split between several volumes.RAR is able to reset solid statistics only between separatefiles, but not inside of single file.Ignored if used when creating a non-volume archive.-sv-    Create dependent solid volumesDisables to reset solid statistics between volumes.It slightly increases compression, but significantly reduceschances to extract a part of data if one of several solidvolumes in a volume set was lost or damaged.Ignored if used when creating a non-volume archive.-s-     Disable solid archiving-t      Test files after archiving. This switch is especiallyuseful in combination with the move command, so files will bedeleted only if the archive had been successfully tested.-ta[m,c,a,o]<date>Process only files modified after the specified date.Files matching the specified date exactly are also included.Format of the date string is YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.It is allowed to insert separators like '-' or ':' tothe date string and omit trailing fields. For example,the following switch is correct: -ta2001-11-20Internally it will be expanded to -ta20011120000000and treated as "files modified after 0 hour 0 minutes0 seconds of 20 November 2001".Use 'm', 'c', 'a' modifiers to specify modification,creation (ctime in Unix) and last access time accordingly,such as -tac20011120 for creation time or ctime.If such modifier is omitted, the modification time is assumed.It is allowed to use several modifiers in the same switch,such as -tamc20190215, to set the same date for all specifiedtimes. Alternatively you can add several time filteringswitches to command line. By default, time filters use AND logic,so a file must match all such filters to be processed.It can be changed to OR logic with 'o' modifier, so a file willhave to match at least one 'o' filter. For example, use-taco20190201 -tamo20190210 to include files created after2019-02-01 or modified after 2019-02-10.-tb[m,c,a,o]<date>Process only files modified before the specified date.Files matching the specified date exactly are not included.Format of the switch is the same as -ta<date>.-tk     Keep original archive date. Prevents RAR from modifying thearchive date when changing an archive.-tl     Set archive time to newest file. Forces RAR to set the date of achanged archive to the date of the newest file in the archive.-tn[m,c,a,o]<time>Process files newer than the specified time period.Files matching the specified time period exactly are also included.Format of the time string is:[<ndays>d][<nhours>h][<nminutes>m][<nseconds>s]For example, use switch -tn15d to process files newerthan 15 days and -tn2h30m to process files newer than2 hours 30 minutes.Use 'm', 'c', 'a' modifiers to specify modification,creation (ctime in Unix) and last access time accordingly,such as -tnc2h30m for creation time or ctime.If such modifier is omitted, the modification time is assumed.It is allowed to use several modifiers in the same switch,such as -tnmc30d, to set the same period for all specified times.Alternatively you can add several time filtering switches tocommand line. By default, time filters use AND logic,so a file must match all such filters to be processed.It can be changed to OR logic with 'o' modifier, so a filewill have to match at least one 'o' filter. For example,use -tnco30d -tnmo20d to include files with creation timenewer than 30 days or modification time newer than 20 days.-to[m,c,a,o]<time>Process files older than the specified time period.Files matching the specified time period exactly are not included.Format of the switch is the same as -tn<time>.-ts[m,c,a,p][+,-,1]Save or restore file time (modification, creation or ctime,access, preserve).Use -tsm to save the file modification time. Switch -tsc savesthe creation time in Windows and the change time, also knownas ctime, in Unix. Switch -tsa saves the last access time.Multiple -ts switches, such as -tsc -tsa, are allowed.If 'm', 'c' or 'a' are not specified, all three file timesare assumed.Append '+' to store a file time with maximum possible precision.Concrete value depends on a operating system and file systemand can be up 100 nanoseconds in Windows and 1 nanosecondin Unix. Append '1' to set 1 second precision or '-' to not savea file time. If '+', '-' or '1' are not present, '+' is assumed,so -ts+ and -ts both save all three high precision times.All stored times for same file always have the same precision.If different precisions are specified, such as -tsm1 -tsc+,common one is selected.RAR 4.x archives always contain the modification timeand for RAR 4.x archive -tsm- still saves the modification timewith the lowest possible 2 second precision. Two other timescan be disabled. RAR 5.0 archives allow to omit any file timeincluding modification, so unpacked files will have the currentsystem time. Switches -tsm- -tsc- -tsa- or just -ts- will storea low precision modification time for RAR 4.x and no file timefor RAR 5.0 archive.If -ts switch is not specified, RAR stores the high precisionmodification time and omits two other times.By default RAR sets only the modification time for extracted files,even if archive contains other times. Use -ts or -ts+ whenunpacking to set all three times, -tsc and -tsa to setcreation (ctime in Unix) and last access times, -tsm- or -ts-to set the current system time instead of modification timestored in archive.Windows allows to set all three file times when unpacking.In Unix we can set the modification and last access, but notthe change time.Use -tsp switch to preserve the original last access file timeof source files when archiving. This switch attempts to keepthe original last access time of archiving files, but it does notcontrol which timestamps are to be stored in archive.It has to be combined with other -ts switches for this purpose.For example, if we wish to save the last access time to archiveand preserve the last access time of source files, we needto use -tsa -tsp together. Switch -tsp can prevent openingsome files, which can be opened without it.While -tsp is supported by RAR for Windows, it is not guaranteedto work for other platforms.It is allowed to combine several modifiers in the same switch,such as -tscap instead of -tsc -tsa -tsp.Examples:1) rar a -ts backupStore all file times with the highest possible precision.2) rar x -tsa backupRestore modification and last access time. Switch -tsm is notrequired, because RAR sets the modification time by default.If we wish to restore only the last access time, we should use-tsm- -tsa switches.3) rar a -tsm1 -tsc1 -tsp backupStore low precision modification and creation or ctime times.Preserve the last access time of source files.Alternatively we could use -tsm1c1p instead of -tsm1 -tsc1 -tsp.-u      Update files. May be used with archive extraction or creation.The command string "a -u" is equivalent to the command 'u', youcould also use the switch '-u' with the commands 'm' or 'mf'. Ifthe switch '-u' is used with the commands 'x' or 'e', then filesnot present on the disk and files newer than their copies on thedisk would extracted from the archive.-v      Create volumes with size autodetection or list all volumesThis switch may be used when creating or listing volumes.In the first case it enables volume size autodetection,so new volumes will use all available space on the destinationmedia. It is convenient when creating volumes on removabledisks. You may read more about volumes in -v<size> description.In the second case, when this switch is used together with'V' or 'L' command, it forces RAR to list contents of allvolumes starting from that specified in the command line.Without this switch RAR displays contents of only one singlespecified volume.-v<size>[k|b|m|M|g|G]Create volumes with size=<size>*1000 [*1024 | *1].By default this switch uses <size> as thousands (1000) of bytes(not 1024 x bytes). You may also enter the size in kilobytesusing the symbol 'k', in bytes using the symbol 'b',megabytes - 'm', millions of bytes - 'M', gigabytes - 'g',billions (milliards) of bytes - 'G'.If the size is omitted, autodetection will be used.It is allowed to enter decimal fractions using the dot asthe decimal mark. For example, -v1.5g means 1.5 gigabytes.You may specify several -v switches to set different sizesfor different volumes. For example:rar a -v100k -v200k -v300k arcnamesets 100 KB size for first volume, 200 KB for secondand 300 KB for all following volumes.If volumes are created on removable media, then afterthe creation of the first volume, the user will be promptedwith:Create next volume: Yes/No/AllAt this moment in time, you should change the disks. Answering'A' will cause all volumes to be created without a pause.By default RAR volumes have names like 'volname.partNNN.rar',where NNN is the volume number. For RAR 4.x archive formatusing -vn switch it is possible to select another,extension based naming scheme, where the first volume filein a multi-volume set has the extension .rar, followingvolumes are numbered from .r00 to .r99. RAR 5.0 archivesdo not support -vn and extension based names.When extracting or testing a multi-volume archive you must useonly the first volume name. If there is no next volumeon the drive and the disk is removable, the user will beprompted with:Insert disk with <next volume name>Insert the disk with the correct volume and press any key.If while extracting, the next volume is not found and volumesare placed on the non-removable disk, RAR will abort withthe error message:Cannot find <volume name>Archive volumes cannot be modified. The commands 'd', 'f', 'u','s' cannot be used with Multi-volume sets. The command 'a' maybe used only for the creation of a new multi-volume sequence.It is possible, although unlikely, that the file size, of a filein a multi-volume set, could be greater than its uncompressedsize. This is due to the fact that 'storing' (no compression ifsize increases) cannot be enabled for multi-volume sets.Archive volumes may be Self-Extracting (SFX). Such an archiveshould be created using both the '-v' and '-sfx' switches.Example:create solid volumes 1 GB each:rar a -s -v1g volume.rar bitmaps-vd     Erase disk contents before creating volumeAll files and directories on the target disk will be erasedwhen '-vd' is used.  The switch applies only to removablemedia, the hard disk cannot be erased using this switch.-ver[n] File version controlForces RAR to keep previous file versions when updatingfiles in the already existing archive. Old versions arerenamed to 'filename;n', where 'n' is the version number.By default, when unpacking an archive without the switch-ver, RAR extracts only the last added file version, the nameof which does not include a numeric suffix. But if you specifya file name exactly, including a version, it will be alsounpacked. For example, 'rar x arcname' will unpack onlylast versions, when 'rar x arcname file.txt;5' will unpack'file.txt;5', if it is present in the archive.If you specify -ver switch without a parameter when unpacking,RAR will extract all versions of all files that matchthe entered file mask. In this case a version number isnot removed from unpacked file names. You may also extracta concrete file version specifying its number as -ver parameter.It will tell RAR to unpack only this version and removea version number from file names. For example,'rar x -ver5 arcname' will unpack only 5th file versions.If you specify 'n' parameter when archiving, it will limitthe maximum number of file versions stored in the archive.Old file versions exceeding this threshold will be removed.When archiving with -ver switch, it is recommended to avoidnames in 'filename;n' format among files to add. Such namescan lead to duplicate entries if old version with same nameeither is present in archive or will be created later.-vn     Use the old style volume naming schemeBy default RAR volumes have names like 'volname.partNNN.rar',where NNN is the volume number. For RAR 4.x archive formatusing -vn switch it is possible to select another,extension based naming scheme, where the first volume filein a multi-volume set has the extension .rar, followingvolumes are numbered from .r00 to .r99. RAR 5.0 archivesdo not support -vn and extension based names.-vp     Pause before each volumeBy default RAR asks for confirmation before processingnext volume only when archiving to removable disks and onlyif free disk space is less than volume size. This switchforces RAR to always ask for such confirmation when creatingor extracting volumes. For example, it can be useful if youwish to copy new volumes to another media immediately aftercreating.-w<p>   Assign work directory to <p>.RAR creates temporary files in some operations like archivemodification. This switch can be used to specify the directoryfor such temporary files. This directory must be already exist.Example:use d:\tmp directory for temporary files when adding a newcomment to info.rarRAR c -wd:\tmp -zcomment.txt info.rar-x<f>   Exclude the specified <f> file or directory. Wildcards can beused in both the name and path parts of file mask. You canspecify the switch '-x' several times to define severalexclusion masks in the same command line.If mask contains wildcards, it applies to files in currentdirectory and its subdirectories. It is not recursive withoutwildcards, so "filename" mask will exclude 'filename' fileonly in current directory when archiving or in root archivedirectory when extracting.Use "*\filename" syntax to exclude "filename" recursivelyin all directories.If you know the exact path to file, you can use "path\filename"syntax to exclude only this copy of "filename". If you use-xpath\filename syntax when unpacking an archive, "path" must bethe path inside of archive, not the file path on the disk afterunpacking.By default, masks containing wildcards are applied only to files.If you need a mask with wildcards to exclude several directories,use the special syntax for directory exclusion masks.Such masks must have the trailing path separator character('\' for Windows and '/' for Unix). For example, "*tmp*\" maskwill exclude all directories matching "*tmp*" and "*\tmp\" willexclude all 'tmp' directories. Since wildcards are present,both masks will be applied to contents of current directoryand all its subdirectories.If you wish to exclude only one directory, specify the exactname of directory including the absolute or relative pathwithout any wildcards. In this case you do not need to appendthe path separator to mask, which is required only for directoryexclusion masks containing wildcards to distinguish themfrom file exclusion masks.Examples:1) rar a -r -x*.jpg -x*.avi rawfilescompress all files except *.jpg and *.avi in current directoryand its subdirectories;2) rar a -r -x*\temp\ savec c:\*compress all files on the disk c: except 'temp' directoriesand files inside of 'temp' directories;3) rar x -x*.txt docsextract all files except *.txt from docs.rar.-x@<lf> Exclude files listed in the specified list file. If you use -x@without the list file name parameter, it will read file namesfrom stdin.Example:rar a -x@exlist.txt arch *.exe-y      Assume Yes on all queries.-z[file]Read archive comment from file <file>.This switch can be used with any archive modification commandto read the archive comment from file and add it to archive.Use with -sc switch if you need to specify the character setfor comment text file. If <file> is not present, commentis read from stdin.Limitations~~~~~~~~~~~Command limitations:Commands 'd','u','f','c','cf' will not operate with archive volumes.Command 'a' cannot be used to update an archive volume, only tocreate a new one.Exit values~~~~~~~~~~~RAR exits with a zero code (0) in case of successful operation.Non-zero exit code indicates some kind of error:Code   Description   0     Successful operation.1     Non fatal error(s) occurred.2     A fatal error occurred.3     Invalid checksum. Data is damaged.4     Attempt to modify an archive locked by 'k' command.5     Write error.6     File open error.7     Wrong command line option.8     Not enough memory.9     File create error10     No files matching the specified mask and options were found.11     Wrong password.12     Read error.255     User stopped the process.Glossary~~~~~~~~Archive      Special file containing one or more files optionallycompressed and/or encrypted.Compression  A method of encoding data to reduce it's size.Checksum     Value calculating for data block or file and allowing tocheck data or file validity.SFX archive  SelF-eXtracting archive. Archive in executable format,consisting of self-extracting module followed bycompressed data. It is enough to run such executable tostart extraction.Solid        An archive packed using a special compression method whichsees all files as one continuous data stream. Particularlyadvantageous when packing a large number of small files.Volume       Part of a split archive. Splitting an archive to volumesallows storing them on several removable disks.Solid volumes must be extracted starting from firstvolume in sequence.Copyrights(c) 1993-2023 Alexander Roshal

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