Python 的Tkinter包系列之七：好例子补充

简单记事本

使用python之tkinter 创建简单记事本，采用多种实现代码。

Python的文件操作可参考https://blog.csdn.net/cnds123/article/details/108308817

特别提示，用下面语句打开由记事本创建的.txt文件：

open(filename, 'r')

时，可能报错“UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte……illegal multibyte sequence”

原因是，Python 的 open 方法默认编码取决于平台，如果是 Windows 中文平台，默认编码是 gbk，如果文件是 utf-8 编码，就会报这个错误。可以 encoding='utf-8'更改

改为：

open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8')

也就是添加参数encoding='utf-8'

代码参考或借鉴自网络。

第一种实现代码

源码如下：

import tkinter as tk                        #导入tkinter库，并重命名为tk
from tkinter import  filedialog             #从tkinter库中导入filedialog模块
from tkinter import messagebox              #从tkinter库中导入messagebox模块
import os                                   #导入os标准库mywindow = tk.Tk()                          #创建一个窗体
mywindow.title("简单记事本1")      #设置窗体的标题
mywindow.geometry("400x360")                #设置窗体的大小
filename=""  #文件名，全局变量
def about():messagebox.showinfo('提示','这是一个消息框！很简单不需要帮助吧')
def myopen():global filename# 下面两句用其一即可，在此用第二句：你可以试试，留意区别#filename=filedialog.askopenfilename(defaultextension='.txt')filename=filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes=[('txt格式', 'txt')]) if filename=="":filename=Noneelse:mywindow.title("记事本"+os.path.basename(filename))mytext.delete(1.0,tk.END)f=open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') # encoding='utf-8'mytext.insert(tk.INSERT,f.read())f.close()def mysave():global filename# 下面两句用其一即可，在此用第二句：你可以试试，留意区别#f=filedialog.asksaveasfilename(initialfile="未命名.txt",defaultextension='.txt' )f=filedialog.asksaveasfilename(initialfile="未命名.txt",filetypes=[('txt格式', 'txt')]) filename=fif filename:fh=open(f,'w',encoding='utf-8') # encoding='utf-8'msg=mytext.get(1.0,tk.END)fh.write(msg)fh.close()mywindow.title("记事本"+os.path.basename(f))#多行文本框及布局
mytext = tk.Text(mywindow,height = 24,width =60)
mytext.pack(side='bottom')
#按钮控件及布局
myb1 = tk.Button(mywindow,text="打开",command = myopen)
myb1.pack(side = 'left')
myb2 = tk.Button(mywindow,text="保存", command = mysave )
myb2.pack(side = 'left')
myb3 = tk.Button(mywindow,text="帮助", command = about)
myb3.pack(side = 'left')mywindow.mainloop()

运行效果：

第二种实现代码（使用菜单）

源码如下：

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import filedialog
import osfilename=''   #文件名，全局变量
def about():messagebox.showinfo('提示','这是一个消息框！很简单不需要帮助吧')
def openFile():global filename   #使用全局变量# 将下句 filetypes=[('txt格式', 'txt')] 改为 defaultextension='.txt' 试试filename=filedialog.askopenfilename( filetypes=[('txt格式', 'txt')])   if filename=='':   #如果没有选择filename=Noneelse:root.title('FileName:'+os.path.basename(filename))   #将文件名显示在标题栏中textPad.delete(1.0,END)   #删除文本框中原有内容f=open(filename,'r',encoding='UTF-8')   #获取文件中内容textPad.insert(1.0,f.read())   #显示到文本框f.close()
def saveOtherFile():global filename# 将下句 filetypes=[('txt格式', 'txt')] 改为 defaultextension='.txt' 试试f=filedialog.asksaveasfilename(initialfile='未命名.txt', filetypes=[('txt格式', 'txt')])   filename=froot.title('FileName:' + os.path.basename(filename))fh=open(f,'w',encoding='UTF-8')   #只写方式打开文件msg=textPad.get(1.0,END)   #从文本框中获取内容fh.write(msg)fh.close()root=Tk()
root.title('简单记事本1b')
root.geometry('500x500+100+100')   #widthxheight+x+y
menubar=Menu(root)#设置菜单栏
root.config(menu=menubar)
filemenu=Menu(menubar,tearoff=0)   #第一个菜单栏
filemenu.add_command(label='打开',accelerator='Ctrl+N',command=openFile)
filemenu.add_command(label='保存',accelerator='Ctrl+T',command=saveOtherFile)
menubar.add_cascade(label='文件',menu=filemenu)aboutmenu=Menu(menubar,tearoff=0)
aboutmenu.add_command(label='关于',accelerator='Ctrl+Y',command=about)
menubar.add_cascade(label='帮助',menu=aboutmenu)status=Label(root,text='',bd=1,relief=SUNKEN,anchor=W)   #底部边界栏
status.pack(side=BOTTOM,fill=X)lnlabel=Label(root,width=2,bg='antique white')   #左边边界栏
lnlabel.pack(side=LEFT,fill=Y)textPad=Text(root,undo=True)   #设置文本框
textPad.pack(expand=YES,fill=BOTH)scroll=Scrollbar(textPad)   #右边进度条栏
textPad.config(yscrollcommand=scroll.set)
scroll.config(command=textPad.yview)
scroll.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)root.mainloop()

运行效果：

第三种实现代码（使用类）

源码如下：

import tkinter
import os
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *class Notepad:root = Tk()Width = 300Height = 300TextArea = Text(root)MenuBar = Menu(root)FileMenu = Menu(MenuBar, tearoff=0)EditMenu = Menu(MenuBar, tearoff=0)HelpMenu = Menu(MenuBar, tearoff=0)ScrollBar = Scrollbar(TextArea)file = Nonedef __init__(self, **kwargs):# 设置文本框的大小try:self.Width = kwargs['width']except KeyError:passtry:self.Height = kwargs['height']except KeyError:pass# 设置窗口标题self.root.title("Python记事本")# 将窗口居中显示screenWidth = self.root.winfo_screenwidth()screenHeight = self.root.winfo_screenheight()left = (screenWidth / 2) - (self.Width / 2)top = (screenHeight / 2) - (self.Height / 2)self.root.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' %(self.Width, self.Height, left, top))# 文本区      域大小调整self.root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)self.root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)# Add controls (widget)self.TextArea.grid(sticky=N + E + S + W)# 增加新建配置self.FileMenu.add_command(label="新建", command=self.__newFile)# 增加打开配置self.FileMenu.add_command(label="打开", command=self.__openFile)# 增加保存配置self.FileMenu.add_command(label="保存", command=self.__saveFile)# 增加退出配置self.FileMenu.add_separator()self.FileMenu.add_command(label="退出", command=self.__quitApplication)# 菜单中设置文件按钮self.MenuBar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=self.FileMenu)# 增加剪切功能self.EditMenu.add_command(label="剪切", command=self.__cut)# 增加复制功能self.EditMenu.add_command(label="复制", command=self.__copy)# 增加粘贴功能self.EditMenu.add_command(label="粘贴", command=self.__paste)# 菜单中设置编辑按钮self.MenuBar.add_cascade(label="编辑", menu=self.EditMenu)# 增加关于记事本选项self.HelpMenu.add_command(label="关于记事本", command=self.__showAbout)# 菜单中射者帮助按钮self.MenuBar.add_cascade(label="帮助", menu=self.HelpMenu)self.root.config(menu=self.MenuBar)self.ScrollBar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)# 滚动条根据内容进行调整self.ScrollBar.config(command=self.TextArea.yview)self.TextArea.config(yscrollcommand=self.ScrollBar.set)def __quitApplication(self):'''用于退出程序（关了就消失）'''self.root.destroy()def __showAbout(self):'''添加帮助菜单中的信息'''showinfo("关于记事本", "很简单不需要帮助吧")def __openFile(self):'''打开文件'''self.file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt",filetypes=[("All Files", "*.*"),("Text Documents", "*.txt")])if self.file == "":self.file = Noneelse:self.root.title(os.path.basename(self.file))self.TextArea.delete(1.0, END)file = open(self.file, "r",encoding='utf-8')self.TextArea.insert(1.0, file.read())file.close()def __newFile(self):'''新文件：默认是一个未命名文件'''self.root.title("未命名文件")self.file = Noneself.TextArea.delete(1.0, END)def __saveFile(self):'''用于保存文件，不存在的文件进行新建，存在的文件在原文件基础上覆盖保存'''if self.file == None:self.file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt',defaultextension=".txt",filetypes=[("All Files", "*.*"),("Text Documents","*.txt")])if self.file == "":self.file = Noneelse:file = open(self.file, "w",encoding='utf-8')file.write(self.TextArea.get(1.0, END))file.close()# 更改title名字为文件名self.root.title(os.path.basename(self.file))else:file = open(self.file, "w",encoding='utf-8')file.write(self.TextArea.get(1.0, END))file.close()# 添加功能项def __cut(self):self.TextArea.event_generate("<<Cut>>")def __copy(self):self.TextArea.event_generate("<<Copy>>")def __paste(self):self.TextArea.event_generate("<<Paste>>")def run(self):# 使用mainloop()使得窗口一直存在self.root.mainloop()notepad = Notepad(width=600, height=400)
notepad.run()

运行效果：

点名系统

第一种实现代码

#简单点名系统
from tkinter import *
import random
data = ['杨晓军', '赵　杰', '张大海', '张飞龙', '田志刚', '程　峰','段雅倩', '崔彬彬', '袁飞龙', '王志强', '王翔宇', '夏　文','苏欣悦', '苏欣悦', '顾文博' ]
going = True
is_run = False
def lottery_roll(var1, var2):global goingshow_member = random.choice(data)var1.set(show_member)if going:window.after(50, lottery_roll, var1, var2)else:var2.set('恭喜 {} ！！！'.format(show_member))going = Truereturndef lottery_start(var1, var2):global is_runif is_run:returnis_run = Truevar2.set('幸运儿是你吗。。。')lottery_roll(var1, var2)def lottery_end():global going, is_runif is_run:going = Falseis_run = Falseif __name__ == '__main__':window = Tk()window.geometry('405x320+250+150')window.title('点名')bg_label = Label(window, width=70, height=24, bg='#ECf5FF')bg_label.place(anchor=NW, x=0, y=0)var1 = StringVar(value='即 将 开 始')show_label1 = Label(window, textvariable=var1, justify='left', anchor=CENTER, width=17, height=3, bg='#BFEFFF',font='楷体 -40 bold', foreground='black')show_label1.place(anchor=NW, x=21, y=20)var2 = StringVar(value='幸运儿是你吗。。。')show_label2 = Label(window, textvariable=var2, justify='left', anchor=CENTER, width=38, height=3, bg='#ECf5FF',font='楷体 -18 bold', foreground='red')show_label2.place(anchor=NW, x=21, y=240)button1 = Button(window, text='开始', command=lambda: lottery_start(var1, var2), width=14, height=2, bg='#A8A8A8',font='宋体 -18 bold')button1.place(anchor=NW, x=20, y=175)button2 = Button(window, text='结束', command=lambda: lottery_end(), width=14, height=2, bg='#A8A8A8',font='宋体 -18 bold')button2.place(anchor=NW, x=232, y=175)window.mainloop()

运行效果：

第二种实现代码

#点名程序
import random
import re
import time
import threading
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilenameclass APP:def __init__(self):self.root = Tk()self.running_flag=False #开始标志self.time_span=0.05 #名字显示间隔self.root.title('Point_name-V1.0')width = 680height = 350left = (self.root.winfo_screenwidth() - width) / 2top = (self.root.winfo_screenheight() - height) / 2self.root.geometry("%dx%d+%d+%d" % (width, height, left, top))self.root.resizable(0,0)self.create_widget()self.set_widget()self.place_widget()self.root.mainloop()def create_widget(self):self.label_show_name_var=StringVar()self.label_show_name=Label(self.root,textvariable=self.label_show_name_var,font=('Arial', 100,"bold"),foreground = '#1E90FF')self.btn_start=Button(self.root,text="开始",)self.btn_load_names=Button(self.root,text="加载名单",)self.lf1=LabelFrame(self.root,text="方式")self.radioBtn_var=IntVar()self.radioBtn_var.set(1)self.radioBtn_sequence=Radiobutton(self.lf1,text="顺序",variable=self.radioBtn_var, value=1)self.radioBtn_random=Radiobutton(self.lf1,text="随机",variable=self.radioBtn_var, value=2)self.label_show_name_num=Label(self.root,font=('Arial', 20),foreground = '#FF7F50')paned = PanedWindow(self.root)def set_widget(self):default_name_="是？"self.label_show_name_var.set(default_name_)self.label_show_name_adjust(default_name_)self.btn_start.config(command=lambda :self.thread_it(self.start_point_name))self.btn_load_names.config(command=self.load_names)init_names=self.load_names_txt("./names.txt")self.root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',self.quit_window)self.root.bind('<Escape>',self.quit_window)if init_names:self.default_names=init_names   #1.文件存在但是无内容。2.文件不存在self.label_show_name_num.config(text=f"一共加载了{len(self.default_names)}个")else:self.btn_start.config(state=DISABLED)self.label_show_name_num.config(text=f"请选定名单！")def place_widget(self):self.lf1.place(x=300,y=160,width=250,height=50)self.radioBtn_sequence.place(x=20,y=0)self.radioBtn_random.place(x=150,y=0)self.btn_start.place(x=300,y=220,width=100,height=30)self.btn_load_names.place(x=450,y=220,width=100,height=30)#self._img.place(x=90, y=165, height=120, width=180)self.label_show_name_num.place(x=300,y=260)def label_show_name_adjust(self,the_name):if len (the_name)==1:self.label_show_name.place(x=280, y=10)elif len(the_name) == 2:self.label_show_name.place(x=180, y=10)elif len(the_name) == 3:self.label_show_name.place(x=120, y=10)elif len(the_name) == 4:self.label_show_name.place(x=80, y=10)else:self.label_show_name.place(x=0, y=10)def start_point_name(self):"""启动之前进行判断，获取点名模式:return:"""if len(self.default_names)==1:messagebox.showinfo("提示",'名单就一个，不用选了！')self.label_show_name_var.set(self.default_names[0])self.label_show_name_adjust(self.default_names[0])returnif self.btn_start["text"]=="开始":self.btn_load_names.config(state=DISABLED)self.running_flag=Trueif isinstance(self.default_names,list):self.btn_start.config(text="就你了")if self.radioBtn_var.get()==1:mode="sequence"elif self.radioBtn_var.get()==2:mode="random"else:passself.thread_it(self.point_name_begin(mode))else:messagebox.showwarning("警告","请先选定名单！")else:self.running_flag=Falseself.btn_load_names.config(state=NORMAL)self.btn_start.config(text="开始")def point_name_begin(self,mode):"""开始点名主函数:param mode::return:"""if mode == "sequence":if self.running_flag:self.always_ergodic()elif mode=="random":while True:if self.running_flag:random_choice_name=random.choice(self.default_names)self.label_show_name_var.set(random_choice_name)self.label_show_name_adjust(random_choice_name)time.sleep(self.time_span)else:breakdef always_ergodic(self):"""一直遍历此列表,使用死循环会造成线程阻塞:return:"""for i in self.default_names:if self.running_flag:self.label_show_name_var.set(i)self.label_show_name_adjust(i)time.sleep(self.time_span)if i==self.default_names[-1]:self.always_ergodic()else:breakdef load_names(self):"""手动加载txt格式人名单:return:"""filename = askopenfilename(filetypes = [('文本文件', '.TXT'), ],title = "选择一个文本文件",initialdir="./")if filename:names=self.load_names_txt(filename)if names:self.default_names=namesno_Chinese_name_num=len([n for n in names if not self.load_name_check(n)])if no_Chinese_name_num==0:passelse:messagebox.showwarning("请注意",f'导入名单有{no_Chinese_name_num}个不是中文名字')self.label_show_name_num.config(text=f"一共加载了{len(self.default_names)}个")self.btn_start.config(state=NORMAL)else:messagebox.showwarning("警告","导入失败，请检查！")def load_names_txt(self,txt_file):"""读取txt格式的人名单:param txt_file::return:"""try:with open(txt_file,'r',encoding="utf-8")as f:names=[name.strip() for name in f.readlines()]if len(names)==0:return Falseelse:return namesexcept:return Falsedef load_name_check(self,name):"""对txt文本中的人名进行校验中文汉字->True非中文汉字->False:param name::return:"""regex = r'[\u4e00-\u9fa5]+'if re.match(regex,name):return Trueelse:return Falsedef thread_it(self,func,*args):t=threading.Thread(target=func,args=args)#t.setDaemon(True)t.start()def quit_window(self,*args):"""程序退出触发此函数:param args::return:"""ret=messagebox.askyesno('退出','确定要退出？')if ret:self.root.destroy()if __name__ == '__main__':a=APP()

人名文本文件如

运行效果：

tkinter 的Canvas示例程序

关于Canvas（画布）可参见https://blog.csdn.net/cnds123/article/details/127344534

画五角星源码如下：

#使用Tkinter Canvas画五角星
import tkinter as tk
import mathroot = tk.Tk()w = tk.Canvas(root, width = 200, height = 100, background = "red")
w.pack()center_x = 100
center_y = 50
r = 50points = [
#左上点（A）
center_x - int(r * math.sin(2 * math.pi / 5)),
center_y - int(r * math.cos(2 * math.pi / 5)),
#右上点（C）
center_x + int(r * math.sin(2 * math.pi / 5)),
center_y - int(r * math.cos(2 * math.pi / 5)),
#左下点（E）
center_x - int(r * math.sin(math.pi / 5)),
center_y + int(r * math.cos(math.pi / 5)),
#顶点（B）
center_x,
center_y - r,
#右下点（D）
center_x + int(r * math.sin(math.pi / 5)),
center_y + int(r * math.cos(math.pi / 5))
]w.create_polygon(points, outline = "green", fill = "yellow") #fill 默认是 blackroot.mainloop()

运行效果：

说明：

"2 * PI / 5" 是用弧度的方式表示的。

1度的对应的弧长是等于圆周长的360分之一，而1弧度的是等于半径。参见下图：

它们的关系可用下式表示和计算：

角（弧度）＝弧长/半径

圆的周长是半径的 2π倍，所以一个周角（360度）是 2π弧度。

一个平角是 π 弧度。

即 180度＝π弧度

由此可知：

1度＝π/180 弧度 ( ≈0.017453弧度 )

1弧度＝180°/π （≈57.3°）

画树源码如下：

# 使用Tkinter Canvas画树，每次画的不一样
import tkinter
import sys, random, mathclass Point(object):def __init__(self, x, y):self.x = xself.y = ydef __str__(self):return "<Point>: (%f, %f)" % (self.x, self.y)class Branch(object):def __init__(self, bottom, top, branches, level = 0):self.bottom = bottomself.top = topself.level = levelself.branches = branchesself.children = []def __str__(self):s = "Top: %s, Bottom: %s, Children Count: %d" % \(self.top, self.bottom, len(self.children))return sdef nextGen(self, n = -1, rnd = 1):if n <= 0: n = self.branchesif rnd == 1:n = random.randint(n / 2, n * 2)if n <= 0: n = 1dx = self.top.x - self.bottom.xdy = self.top.y - self.bottom.yr = 0.20 + random.random() * 0.2if self.top.x == self.bottom.x:# 如果是一条竖线x = self.top.xy = dy * r + self.bottom.yelif self.top.y == self.bottom.y:# 如果是一条横线x = dx * r + self.bottom.xy = self.top.yelse:x = dx * ry = x * dy / dxx += self.bottom.xy += self.bottom.yoldTop = self.topself.top = Point(x, y)a = math.pi / (2 * n)for i in range(n):a2 = -a * (n - 1) / 2 + a * i - math.pia2 *= 0.9 + random.random() * 0.2self.children.append(self.mkNewBranch(self.top, oldTop, a2))def mkNewBranch(self, bottom, top, a):dx1 = top.x - bottom.xdy1 = top.y - bottom.yr = 0.9 + random.random() * 0.2c = math.sqrt(dx1 ** 2 + dy1 ** 2) * rif dx1 == 0:a2 = math.pi / 2else:a2 = math.atan(dy1 / dx1)if (a2 < 0 and bottom.y > top.y) \or (a2 > 0 and bottom.y < top.y) \:a2 += math.pib = a2 - adx2 = c * math.cos(b)dy2 = c * math.sin(b)newTop = Point(dx2 + bottom.x, dy2 + bottom.y)return Branch(bottom, newTop, self.branches, self.level + 1)class Tree(object):def __init__(self, root, canvas, bottom, top, branches = 3, depth = 3):self.root = rootself.canvas = canvasself.bottom = bottomself.top = topself.branches = branchesself.depth = depthself.new()def gen(self, n = 1):for i in range(n):self.getLeaves()for node in self.leaves:node.nextGen()self.show()def new(self):self.leavesCount = 0self.branch = Branch(self.bottom, self.top, self.branches)self.gen(self.depth)print("leaves count: %d" % self.leavesCount)def chgDepth(self, d):self.depth += dif self.depth < 0: self.depth = 0if self.depth > 10: self.depth = 10self.new()def chgBranch(self, d):self.branches += dif self.branches < 1: self.branches = 1if self.branches > 10: self.branches = 10self.new()def getLeaves(self):self.leaves = []self.map(self.findLeaf)def findLeaf(self, node):if len(node.children) == 0:self.leaves.append(node)def show(self):for i in self.canvas.find_all():self.canvas.delete(i)self.map(self.drawNode)self.canvas.tag_raise("leaf")def exit(self, evt):sys.exit(0)def map(self, func = lambda node: node):# 遍历树children = [self.branch]while len(children) != 0:newChildren = []for node in children:func(node)newChildren.extend(node.children)children = newChildrendef drawNode(self, node):self.line2(
#       self.canvas.create_line(node.bottom.x,node.bottom.y,node.top.x,node.top.y,fill = "#100",width = 1.5 ** (self.depth - node.level),tags = "branch level_%d" % node.level,)if len(node.children) == 0:# 画叶子self.leavesCount += 1self.canvas.create_oval(node.top.x - 3,node.top.y - 3,node.top.x + 3,node.top.y + 3,fill = "#090",tag = "leaf",)self.canvas.update()def line2(self, x0, y0, x1, y1, width = 1, fill = "#000", minDist = 10, tags = ""):dots = midDots(x0, y0, x1, y1, minDist)dots2 = []for i in range(len(dots) - 1):dots2.extend([dots[i].x,dots[i].y,dots[i + 1].x,dots[i + 1].y])self.canvas.create_line(dots2,fill = fill,width = width,smooth = True,tags = tags,)def midDots(x0, y0, x1, y1, d):dots = []dx, dy, r = x1 - x0, y1 - y0, 0if dx != 0:r = float(dy) / dxc = math.sqrt(dx ** 2 + dy ** 2)n = int(c / d) + 1for i in range(n):if dx != 0:x = dx * i / ny = x * relse:x = dxy = dy * i / nif i > 0:x += d * (0.5 - random.random()) * 0.25y += d * (0.5 - random.random()) * 0.25x += x0y += y0dots.append(Point(x, y))dots.append(Point(x1, y1))return dotsif __name__ == "__main__":root = tkinter.Tk()root.title("Tree")gw, gh = 800, 600canvas = tkinter.Canvas(root,width = gw,height = gh,)canvas.pack()tree = Tree(root, canvas, Point(gw / 2, gh - 20), Point(gw / 2, gh * 0.2), \branches = 2, depth = 8)root.bind("n", lambda evt: tree.new())root.bind("=", lambda evt: tree.chgDepth(1))root.bind("+", lambda evt: tree.chgDepth(1))root.bind("-", lambda evt: tree.chgDepth(-1))root.bind("b", lambda evt: tree.chgBranch(1))root.bind("c", lambda evt: tree.chgBranch(-1))root.bind("q", tree.exit)root.mainloop()

运行效果：

OK！