Linux 内核编译

对内核打上补丁，参考 https://blog.csdn.net/sunqian666888/article/details/85003007

创建输出文件夹：

sun@machine:~/share/build/linux-4.9.145$ mkdir out
sun@machine:~/share/build/linux-4.9.145$

设置默认config文件

sun@machine:~/share/build/linux-4.9.145$ make ARCH=arm O=out vexpress_defconfig
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/sun/share/build/linux-4.9.145/out”HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdepGEN     ./MakefileHOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.oSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.cSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.cSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.cHOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.oHOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf
#
# configuration written to .config
#
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/sun/share/build/linux-4.9.145/out”
sun@machine:~/share/build/linux-4.9.145$

make ARCH=arm O=out menuconfig

然后进行修改：

进行编译：

 make ARCH=arm O=out zImage -j4

编译完成：

  LD      vmlinuxSORTEX  vmlinuxSYSMAP  System.mapOBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/ImageKernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is readyLDS     arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux.ldsAS      arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.oGZIP    arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy_dataCC      arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.oCC      arch/arm/boot/compressed/decompress.oCC      arch/arm/boot/compressed/string.oSHIPPED arch/arm/boot/compressed/hyp-stub.SSHIPPED arch/arm/boot/compressed/lib1funcs.SSHIPPED arch/arm/boot/compressed/ashldi3.SSHIPPED arch/arm/boot/compressed/bswapsdi2.SAS      arch/arm/boot/compressed/hyp-stub.oAS      arch/arm/boot/compressed/lib1funcs.oAS      arch/arm/boot/compressed/ashldi3.oAS      arch/arm/boot/compressed/bswapsdi2.oAS      arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.oLD      arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinuxOBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImageKernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready

查看生成的文件：

查看生成的文件的属性：

因为我要练习 U-boot 引导，所以还需编译 uImage

make V=1 ARCH=arm O=out uImage -j4make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=drivers/video/logo
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=drivers/video/fbdev/omap2
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=drivers/video/fbdev/omap2/omapfb
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=drivers/video/fbdev/omap2/omapfb/displays
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=drivers/video/fbdev/omap2/omapfb/dss
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot MACHINE= arch/arm/boot/Image
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot MACHINE= arch/arm/boot/zImage
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot/compressed arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot MACHINE= arch/arm/boot/uImage
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot/compressed arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
multiple (or no) load addresses:
This is incompatible with uImages
Specify LOADADDR on the commandline to build an uImage
../arch/arm/boot/Makefile:79: recipe for target 'arch/arm/boot/uImage' failed
make[2]: *** [arch/arm/boot/uImage] Error 1
arch/arm/Makefile:329: recipe for target 'uImage' failed
make[1]: *** [uImage] Error 2
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/sun/share/build/linux-4.9.145/out”
Makefile:152: recipe for target 'sub-make' failed
make: *** [sub-make] Error 2

指定 LOADADDR=0xa0008000 后继续编译：

make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot MACHINE= arch/arm/boot/Image
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot MACHINE= arch/arm/boot/zImage
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot/compressed arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot MACHINE= arch/arm/boot/uImage
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot/compressed arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux/bin/bash ../scripts/mkuboot.sh -A arm -O linux -C none  -T kernel -a 0xa0008000 -e 0xa0008000 -n 'Linux-4.9.145' -d arch/arm/boot/zImage arch/arm/boot/uImage
"mkimage" command not found - U-Boot images will not be built
../arch/arm/boot/Makefile:79: recipe for target 'arch/arm/boot/uImage' failed
make[2]: *** [arch/arm/boot/uImage] Error 1
arch/arm/Makefile:329: recipe for target 'uImage' failed
make[1]: *** [uImage] Error 2
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/sun/share/build/linux-4.9.145/out”
Makefile:152: recipe for target 'sub-make' failed
make: *** [sub-make] Error 2
sun@machine:~/share/build/linux-4.9.145$ make V=1 ARCH=arm O=out LOADADDR=0xa0008000 uImage -j4

其中 LOADADDR=0xa0008000 来自于 u-boot启动时的打印，暂时这么定

U-Boot 2018.11 (Nov 26 2018 - 11:45:35 +0800)DRAM:  128 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 128 MiB
MMC:   MMC: 0
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environmentIn:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Net:   smc911x-0
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
MMC Device 1 not found
no mmc device at slot 1
Card did not respond to voltage select!
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (3 ms)
*** Warning: no boot file name; using '0A00020F.img'
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename '0A00020F.img'.
Load address: 0xa0008000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)

我的 u-boot 默认的环境：

=> env print
arch=arm
baudrate=38400
board=vexpress
board_name=vexpress
boot_a_script=load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${scriptaddr} ${prefix}${script}; source ${scriptaddr}
boot_efi_binary=if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi bootmgr ${fdt_addr_r};else bootefi bootmgr ${fdtcontroladdr};fi;load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${kernel_addr_r} efi/boot/bootarm.efi; if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r};else bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdtcontroladdr};fi
boot_extlinux=sysboot ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} any ${scriptaddr} ${prefix}extlinux/extlinux.conf
boot_prefixes=/ /boot/
boot_script_dhcp=boot.scr.uimg
boot_scripts=boot.scr.uimg boot.scr
boot_targets=mmc1 mmc0 pxe dhcp
bootargs=root=/dev/sda1 rw console=ttyAMA0,38400n8 mem=1024M mtdparts=armflash:1M@0x800000(uboot),7M@0x1000000(kernel),24M@0x2000000(initrd) mmci.fmax=190000 devtmpfs.mount=0 vmalloc=256M
bootcmd=run distro_bootcmd; run bootflash
bootcmd_dhcp=if dhcp ${scriptaddr} ${boot_script_dhcp}; then source ${scriptaddr}; fi;setenv efi_fdtfile ${fdtfile}; if test -z "${fdtfile}" -a -n "${soc}"; then setenv efi_fdtfile ${soc}-${board}${boardver}.dtb; fi; setenv efi_old_vci ${bootp_vci};setenv efi_old_arch ${bootp_arch};setenv bootp_vci PXEClient:Arch:00010:UNDI:003000;setenv bootp_arch 0xa;if dhcp ${kernel_addr_r}; then tftpboot ${fdt_addr_r} dtb/${efi_fdtfile};if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r}; else bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdtcontroladdr};fi;fi;setenv bootp_vci ${efi_old_vci};setenv bootp_arch ${efi_old_arch};setenv efi_fdtfile;setenv efi_old_arch;setenv efi_old_vci;
bootcmd_mmc0=setenv devnum 0; run mmc_boot
bootcmd_mmc1=setenv devnum 1; run mmc_boot
bootcmd_pxe=dhcp; if pxe get; then pxe boot; fi
bootdelay=2
bootfile=boot.scr.uimg
bootflash=run flashargs; cp ${ramdisk_addr} ${ramdisk_addr_r} ${maxramdisk}; bootm ${kernel_addr} ${ramdisk_addr_r}
console=ttyAMA0,38400n8
cpu=armv7
devnum=0
distro_bootcmd=for target in ${boot_targets}; do run bootcmd_${target}; done
dram=1024M
efi_dtb_prefixes=/ /dtb/ /dtb/current/
ethact=smc911x-0
ethaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56
flashargs=setenv bootargs root=${root} console=${console} mem=${dram} mtdparts=${mtd} mmci.fmax=190000 devtmpfs.mount=0  vmalloc=256M
kernel_addr=0x0c100000
kernel_addr_r=0xa0008000
load_efi_dtb=load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${fdt_addr_r} ${prefix}${efi_fdtfile}
loadaddr=0xa0008000
maxramdisk=0x1800000
mmc_boot=if mmc dev ${devnum}; then setenv devtype mmc; run scan_dev_for_boot_part; fi
mtd=armflash:1M@0x800000(uboot),7M@0x1000000(kernel),24M@0x2000000(initrd)
pxefile_addr_r=0xa8000000
ramdisk_addr=0x0c800000
ramdisk_addr_r=0x81000000
root=/dev/sda1 rw
scan_dev_for_boot=echo Scanning ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}...; for prefix in ${boot_prefixes}; do run scan_dev_for_extlinux; run scan_dev_for_scripts; done;run scan_dev_for_efi;
scan_dev_for_boot_part=part list ${devtype} ${devnum} -bootable devplist; env exists devplist || setenv devplist 1; for distro_bootpart in ${devplist}; do if fstype ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} bootfstype; then run scan_dev_for_boot; fi; done
scan_dev_for_efi=setenv efi_fdtfile ${fdtfile}; if test -z "${fdtfile}" -a -n "${soc}"; then setenv efi_fdtfile ${soc}-${board}${boardver}.dtb; fi; for prefix in ${efi_dtb_prefixes}; do if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${efi_fdtfile}; then run load_efi_dtb; fi;done;if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} efi/boot/bootarm.efi; then echo Found EFI removable media binary efi/boot/bootarm.efi; run boot_efi_binary; echo EFI LOAD FAILED: continuing...; fi; setenv efi_fdtfile
scan_dev_for_extlinux=if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}extlinux/extlinux.conf; then echo Found ${prefix}extlinux/extlinux.conf; run boot_extlinux; echo SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...; fi
scan_dev_for_scripts=for script in ${boot_scripts}; do if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${script}; then echo Found U-Boot script ${prefix}${script}; run boot_a_script; echo SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...; fi; done
scriptaddr=0xa8000000
stderr=serial
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
vendor=armltdEnvironment size: 4201/262140 bytes

查看脚本内容：

sun@machine:~/share/build/linux-4.9.145$ ls scripts/mk
mkcompile_h  mkmakefile   mksysmap     mkuboot.sh   mkversion
sun@machine:~/share/build/linux-4.9.145$ cat scripts/mkuboot.sh
#!/bin/bash#
# Build U-Boot image when `mkimage' tool is available.
#MKIMAGE=$(type -path "${CROSS_COMPILE}mkimage")if [ -z "${MKIMAGE}" ]; thenMKIMAGE=$(type -path mkimage)if [ -z "${MKIMAGE}" ]; then# Doesn't existecho '"mkimage" command not found - U-Boot images will not be built' >&2exit 1;fi
fi# Call "mkimage" to create U-Boot image
${MKIMAGE} "$@"

编译u-boot 时，在u-boot/tools 目录下会生成 mkimage 工具

工具使用说明：

sun@machine:~/share/build/u-boot-2018.11$ ./tools/mkimage
Error: Missing output filename
Usage: ./tools/mkimage -l image-l ==> list image header information./tools/mkimage [-x] -A arch -O os -T type -C comp -a addr -e ep -n name -d data_file[:data_file...] image-A ==> set architecture to 'arch'-O ==> set operating system to 'os'-T ==> set image type to 'type'-C ==> set compression type 'comp'-a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)-e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)-n ==> set image name to 'name'-d ==> use image data from 'datafile'-x ==> set XIP (execute in place)./tools/mkimage [-D dtc_options] [-f fit-image.its|-f auto|-F] [-b <dtb> [-b <dtb>]] [-i <ramdisk.cpio.gz>] fit-image<dtb> file is used with -f auto, it may occur multiple times.-D => set all options for device tree compiler-f => input filename for FIT source-i => input filename for ramdisk file
Signing / verified boot not supported (CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE undefined)./tools/mkimage -V ==> print version information and exit
Use '-T list' to see a list of available image types

所以我们把这个目录加入用户环境变量：

 35 #set u-boot tools36 PATH="$HOME/share/build/u-boot-2018.11/tools:$PATH"

再次编译uImage ：

sun@machine:~/share/build/linux-4.9.145$ make V=1 ARCH=arm O=out LOADADDR=0xa0008000 uImage -j4
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot MACHINE= arch/arm/boot/Image
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot MACHINE= arch/arm/boot/zImage
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot/compressed arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot MACHINE= arch/arm/boot/uImage
make -f ../scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/arm/boot/compressed arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux/bin/bash ../scripts/mkuboot.sh -A arm -O linux -C none  -T kernel -a 0xa0008000 -e 0xa0008000 -n 'Linux-4.9.145' -d arch/arm/boot/zImage arch/arm/boot/uImage
Image Name:   Linux-4.9.145
Created:      Mon Dec 17 12:15:24 2018
Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size:    3538728 Bytes = 3455.79 KiB = 3.37 MiB
Load Address: a0008000
Entry Point:  a0008000
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/sun/share/build/linux-4.9.145/out”

编译设备树：

make ARCH=arm O=out dtbs -j4

测试 zImage :

$ qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a15 -nographic -kernel zImage -append "console=ttyAMA0" -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb
audio: Could not init `oss' audio driver
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
Linux version 4.9.145 (sun@machine) (gcc version 8.2.0 (Buildroot 2018.08.2) ) #1 SMP Fri Dec 14 17:29:27 CST 2018
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [412fc0f1] revision 1 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
CPU: div instructions available: patching division code
CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, PIPT instruction cache
OF: fdt:Machine model: V2P-CA15_CA7
Memory policy: Data cache writealloc
percpu: Embedded 14 pages/cpu @87ea4000 s25676 r8192 d23476 u57344
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 32512
Kernel command line: console=ttyAMA0
log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: 4096 bytes
log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: 16384 bytes
log_buf_len min size: 16384 bytes
log_buf_len: 32768 bytes
early log buf free: 15024(91%)
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 120952K/131072K available (5120K kernel code, 169K rwdata, 1208K rodata, 1024K init, 149K bss, 10120K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
Virtual kernel memory layout:vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000   (3072 kB)vmalloc : 0x88800000 - 0xff800000   (1904 MB)lowmem  : 0x80000000 - 0x88000000   ( 128 MB)modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x80000000   (  16 MB).text : 0x80008000 - 0x80600000   (6112 kB).init : 0x80800000 - 0x80900000   (1024 kB).data : 0x80900000 - 0x8092a760   ( 170 kB).bss : 0x8092c000 - 0x809517b8   ( 150 kB)
SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=5, Nodes=1
Hierarchical RCU implementation.Build-time adjustment of leaf fanout to 32.RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=5.
RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=32, nr_cpu_ids=5
NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
arm_arch_timer: Architected cp15 timer(s) running at 62.50MHz (virt).
clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1cd42e208c, max_idle_ns: 881590405314 ns
sched_clock: 56 bits at 62MHz, resolution 16ns, wraps every 4398046511096ns
Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 16ns
clocksource: arm,sp804: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
Failed to initialize '/smb@08000000/motherboard/iofpga@3,00000000/timer@120000': -22
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 125.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=625000)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
CPU0: Spectre v2: firmware did not set auxiliary control register IBE bit, system vulnerable
/cpus/cpu@0 missing clock-frequency property
/cpus/cpu@1 missing clock-frequency property
/cpus/cpu@2 missing clock-frequency property
/cpus/cpu@3 missing clock-frequency property
/cpus/cpu@4 missing clock-frequency property
CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
Setting up static identity map for 0x80100000 - 0x80100058
ARM CCI driver probed
tc2_pm_init: boot CPU is out of bound!
CPU1: failed to boot: -49
CPU2: failed to boot: -49
CPU3: failed to boot: -49
CPU4: failed to boot: -49
Brought up 1 CPUs
SMP: Total of 1 processors activated (125.00 BogoMIPS).
CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
devtmpfs: initialized
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 4 part 30 variant f rev 0
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
futex hash table entries: 2048 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at ../drivers/mfd/vexpress-sysreg.c:189 vexpress_sysreg_probe+0x174/0x1a8
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.9.145 #1
Hardware name: ARM-Versatile Express
[<8010e2b4>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<8010ad9c>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[<8010ad9c>] (show_stack) from [<8035d0c0>] (dump_stack+0x88/0x9c)
[<8035d0c0>] (dump_stack) from [<801ad9d4>] (__warn+0xe4/0x100)
[<801ad9d4>] (__warn) from [<8011cce0>] (warn_slowpath_null+0x20/0x28)
[<8011cce0>] (warn_slowpath_null) from [<803fdbf4>] (vexpress_sysreg_probe+0x174/0x1a8)
[<803fdbf4>] (vexpress_sysreg_probe) from [<803e2e60>] (platform_drv_probe+0x50/0xac)
[<803e2e60>] (platform_drv_probe) from [<803e15d0>] (driver_probe_device+0xc8/0x290)
[<803e15d0>] (driver_probe_device) from [<803e1848>] (__driver_attach+0xb0/0xb4)
[<803e1848>] (__driver_attach) from [<803dfb08>] (bus_for_each_dev+0x78/0x9c)
[<803dfb08>] (bus_for_each_dev) from [<803e0c5c>] (bus_add_driver+0x1bc/0x200)
[<803e0c5c>] (bus_add_driver) from [<803e1f4c>] (driver_register+0x78/0xf4)
[<803e1f4c>] (driver_register) from [<8010174c>] (do_one_initcall+0x54/0x1a0)
[<8010174c>] (do_one_initcall) from [<80800e58>] (kernel_init_freeable+0x1d0/0x25c)
[<80800e58>] (kernel_init_freeable) from [<805dd654>] (kernel_init+0x8/0x10c)
[<805dd654>] (kernel_init) from [<80107690>] (ret_from_fork+0x14/0x24)
---[ end trace 4494f891a8284afc ]---
vexpress-sysreg 1c010000.sysreg: DT HBI (249) is not matching hardware (237)!
NET: Registered protocol family 16
DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
cpuidle: using governor ladder
cpuidle: using governor menu
hw-breakpoint: found 5 (+1 reserved) breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers.
hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 8 bytes.
Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /wdt@2a490000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /memory-controller@2b0a0000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /memory-controller@7ffd0000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /dma@7ff00000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /etb@0,20010000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /tpiu@0,20030000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /funnel@0,20040000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /ptm@0,2201c000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /ptm@0,2201d000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /etm@0,2203c000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /etm@0,2203d000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /etm@0,2203e000
1c090000.uart: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x1c090000 (irq = 48, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
console [ttyAMA0] enabled
1c0a0000.uart: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x1c0a0000 (irq = 49, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
1c0b0000.uart: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x1c0b0000 (irq = 50, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
1c0c0000.uart: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x1c0c0000 (irq = 51, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /smb@08000000/motherboard/iofpga@3,00000000/wdt@0f0000
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
clocksource: Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter
NET: Registered protocol family 2
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a15 PMU driver, 1 counters available
hw perfevents: /pmu_a7: failed to probe PMU!
hw perfevents: /pmu_a7: failed to register PMU devices!
failed to build OPP table
workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=15 bucket_order=0
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
io scheduler noop registered (default)
clcd-pl11x 1c1f0000.clcd: PL111 designer 41 rev2 at 0x1c1f0000
clcd-pl11x 1c1f0000.clcd: /smb@08000000/motherboard/iofpga@3,00000000/clcd@1f0000 hardware, 640x480@59 display
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x30
8000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
Using buffer write method
8000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
Using buffer write method
Concatenating MTD devices:
(0): "8000000.flash"
(1): "8000000.flash"
into device "8000000.flash"
libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
libphy: smsc911x-mdio: probed
smsc911x 1a000000.ethernet eth0: MAC Address: 52:54:00:12:34:56
isp1760 1b000000.usb: bus width: 32, oc: digital
isp1760 1b000000.usb: NXP ISP1760 USB Host Controller
isp1760 1b000000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
isp1760 1b000000.usb: Scratch test failed.
isp1760 1b000000.usb: can't setup: -19
isp1760 1b000000.usb: USB bus 1 deregistered
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
rtc-pl031 1c170000.rtc: rtc core: registered pl031 as rtc0
mmci-pl18x 1c050000.mmci: Got CD GPIO
mmci-pl18x 1c050000.mmci: Got WP GPIO
mmci-pl18x 1c050000.mmci: mmc0: PL181 manf 41 rev0 at 0x1c050000 irq 44,45 (pio)
ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/smb@08000000/smb@08000000:motherboard/smb@08000000:motherboard:iofpga@3,00000000/1c060000.kmi/serio0/input/input0
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
aaci-pl041 1c040000.aaci: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x1c040000, irq 43
aaci-pl041 1c040000.aaci: FIFO 512 entries
oprofile: using timer interrupt.
NET: Registered protocol family 17
9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
rtc-pl031 1c170000.rtc: setting system clock to 2018-12-17 07:50:42 UTC (1545033042)
ALSA device list:#0: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x1c040000, irq 43
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/smb@08000000/smb@08000000:motherboard/smb@08000000:motherboard:iofpga@3,00000000/1c070000.kmi/serio1/input/input2
VFS: Cannot open root device "(null)" or unknown-block(0,0): error -6
Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
1f00          131072 mtdblock0  (driver?)
1f01           32768 mtdblock1  (driver?)
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Tainted: G        W       4.9.145 #1
Hardware name: ARM-Versatile Express
[<8010e2b4>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<8010ad9c>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[<8010ad9c>] (show_stack) from [<8035d0c0>] (dump_stack+0x88/0x9c)
[<8035d0c0>] (dump_stack) from [<801ad784>] (panic+0xdc/0x248)
[<801ad784>] (panic) from [<80801324>] (mount_block_root+0x208/0x2b8)
[<80801324>] (mount_block_root) from [<808014d4>] (mount_root+0x100/0x108)
[<808014d4>] (mount_root) from [<8080162c>] (prepare_namespace+0x150/0x198)
[<8080162c>] (prepare_namespace) from [<80800ed4>] (kernel_init_freeable+0x24c/0x25c)
[<80800ed4>] (kernel_init_freeable) from [<805dd654>] (kernel_init+0x8/0x10c)
[<805dd654>] (kernel_init) from [<80107690>] (ret_from_fork+0x14/0x24)
---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)

因为没有文件系统，所以报错，证明内核是可以启动的。

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