oracle坏块，教你手把手修复oracle坏块(一)！！！
2024-06-11 02:49:05
首先，坏块分为物理坏块和逻辑坏块。前者通常是硬件的问题，后者是oracle本身内部的问题。
先给oracle数据库开启归档模式
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 6
Current log sequence 8
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 759943168 bytes
Fixed Size 2257112 bytes
Variable Size 654315304 bytes
Database Buffers 96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers 6901760 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog;Database altered.SQL> alter database open;Database altered.SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 6
Next log sequence to archive 8
Current log sequence 8创建坏块修复实验的表空间，用户和所需权限
--创建一个大小为1m的表空间create tablespace test datafile '/oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf' size 1m;--创建test用户create user test identified by test default tablespace test temporary tablespace temp profile DEFAULT;--授予相关的测试权限grant connect,dba,resource,unlimited tablespace to test;创建表和模拟数据
SQL> conn test/test;
Connected.
SQL> create table test tablespace test as select * from scott.emp;Table created.SQL> insert into test select * from test;14 rows created.SQL> /28 rows created.SQL> /56 rows created.SQL> /112 rows created.SQL> /224 rows created.SQL> /448 rows created.SQL> /896 rows created.SQL> /1792 rows created.SQL> /3584 rows created.SQL> /7168 rows created.SQL> /
insert into test select * from test
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01653: unable to extend table TEST.TEST by 8 in tablespace TESTSQL> select count(*) from test;COUNT(*)
----------14336触发检查点，将数据写入到数据文件中
SQL> alter system checkpoint;System altered.进行模拟坏块前，先用rman进行备份
[oracle@mongodb ~]$ rman target /Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Feb 20 13:46:55 2021Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.connected to target database: XTTS11G (DBID=1621650015)RMAN> backup tablespace 'TEST' tag=zq;Starting backup at 20-FEB-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=406 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test02.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-FEB-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-FEB-21
piece handle=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/01vnlmnq_1_1 tag=ZQ comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20-FEB-21RMAN> 关闭数据库，用bbed篡改数据文件
bbed安装方法
cp ssbbded.o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
cp sbbdpt.o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
cp bbedus.msg $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg
cp bbedus.msb $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesgcd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
make -f ins_rdbms.mk $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/bbed
bbed的安装介质在我的资源分享中可以免费下载，linux和aix的都有
使用bbed修改数据文件，人为制造坏块
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
[oracle@mongodb ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ ls bbed
bbed
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ vi par.txt
blocksize=8192
listfile=filelist.txt
mode=edit
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Feb 22 13:54:47 2021Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> select file#||chr(9)||name||chr(9)||bytes from v$datafile;FILE#||CHR(9)||NAME||CHR(9)||BYTES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/system01.dbf 796917760
2 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/sysaux01.dbf 534773760
3 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/undotbs01.dbf 89128960
4 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/users01.dbf 5242880
5 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf 1048576
6 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test02.dbf 1064966 rows selected.SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ vi filelist.txt
1 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/system01.dbf 796917760
2 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/sysaux01.dbf 534773760
3 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/undotbs01.dbf 89128960
4 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/users01.dbf 5242880
5 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf 1048576
6 /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test02.dbf 106496
选择5号数据文件
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ ./bbed parfile=par.txt password=blockeditBBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Mon Feb 22 13:56:20 2021Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************BBED> set dba 5,19DBA 0x01400013 (20971539 5,19)
破坏尾部8188偏移量
BBED> mapFile: /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf (5)Block: 19 Dba:0x01400013
------------------------------------------------------------KTB Data Block (Table/Cluster)struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0 struct ktbbh, 72 bytes @20 struct kdbh, 14 bytes @100 struct kdbt[1], 4 bytes @114 sb2 kdbr[170] @118 ub1 freespace[837] @458 ub1 rowdata[6893] @1295 ub4 tailchk @8188 BBED> set offset 8188OFFSET 8188BBED> m /x ff 8188
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) YFile: /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf (5)Block: 19 Offsets: 8188 to 8191 Dba:0x01400013
------------------------------------------------------------------------ff06c348 <32 bytes per line>BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 19:
current = 0x084c, required = 0x084cBBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf
BLOCK = 19Block 19 is corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01400013 (file 0, block 19)
Fractured block found during verification
Data in bad block:type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01400013last change scn: 0x0000.001048c3 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x06spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0consistency value in tail: 0x48c306ffcheck value in block header: 0x84ccomputed block checksum: 0x0DBVERIFY - Verification completeTotal Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 1
Total Blocks Influx : 2
Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED可以看到已经成功制造了坏块，现在使用dbv和查询再次验证下
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ dbv file=/oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbfDBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Feb 22 14:01:04 2021Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf
Page 19 is influx - most likely media corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01400013 (file 5, block 19)
Fractured block found during dbv:
Data in bad block:type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01400013last change scn: 0x0000.001048c3 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x06spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0consistency value in tail: 0x48c306ffcheck value in block header: 0x84ccomputed block checksum: 0x0DBVERIFY - Verification completeTotal Pages Examined : 128
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 109
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 17
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 1
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 1
Total Pages Influx : 1
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1067203 (0.1067203)SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 759943168 bytes
Fixed Size 2257112 bytes
Variable Size 654315304 bytes
Database Buffers 96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers 6901760 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> conn test/test;
Connected.
SQL> select count(*) from test;
select count(*) from test*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 5, block # 19)
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/oracle/app/oradata/xtts11g/test01.dbf'利用备份恢复坏块
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ rman target /Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Feb 22 14:21:59 2021Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.connected to target database: XTTS11G (DBID=1621650015)RMAN> blockrecover datafile 5 block 19;Starting recover at 22-FEB-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=406 device type=DISKchannel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set
restoring blocks of datafile 00005
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06vnqvog_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06vnqvog_1_1 tag=ZQ
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03Finished recover at 22-FEB-21
[oracle@mongodb lib]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Feb 22 14:25:30 2021Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> conn test/test;
Connected.
SQL> select count(*) from test;COUNT(*)
----------14336
至此，修复完成，当然这是有备份情况下的坏块修复，接下来我还会更新没有备份的时候的坏块处理方式，有兴趣的小伙伴可以关注一下博主，过几日继续更新，觉得文章有用的点个赞把！
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