通过HOST VIP连接Oracle数据库
2024-05-30 03:07:35
查看RAC中定义的主机VIP：
[oracle@dbim1 ~]$ srvctl config nodeapps -viponly
Network 1 exists
Subnet IPv4: 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0/ens3, static
Subnet IPv6:
Ping Targets:
Network is enabled
Network is individually enabled on nodes:
Network is individually disabled on nodes:
VIP exists: network number 1, hosting node dbim1
VIP Name: dbim1-vip.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com
VIP IPv4 Address: 10.0.0.188
VIP IPv6 Address:
VIP is enabled.
VIP is individually enabled on nodes:
VIP is individually disabled on nodes:
VIP exists: network number 1, hosting node dbim2
VIP Name: dbim2-vip.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com
VIP IPv4 Address: 10.0.0.18
VIP IPv6 Address:
VIP is enabled.
VIP is individually enabled on nodes:
VIP is individually disabled on nodes:[oracle@dbim2 ~]$ srvctl status nodeapps
VIP 10.0.0.188 is enabled
VIP 10.0.0.188 is running on node: dbim1
VIP 10.0.0.18 is enabled
VIP 10.0.0.18 is running on node: dbim2
Network is enabled
Network is running on node: dbim1
Network is running on node: dbim2
ONS is enabled
ONS daemon is running on node: dbim1
ONS daemon is running on node: dbim2
通过主机名解析文件也可以看到主机VIP：
[oracle@dbim1 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.0.0.143 dbim1.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com dbim1
192.168.16.18 dbim1-priv.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com dbim1-priv
10.0.0.188 dbim1-vip.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com dbim1-vip
10.0.0.134 dbim2.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com dbim2
192.168.16.19 dbim2-priv.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com dbim2-priv
10.0.0.18 dbim2-vip.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com dbim2-vip
通过HOST1和HOST2的VIP均可成功连接数据库：
# 设置环境变量
[oracle@dbim1 ~]$ export HOST1VIP=10.0.0.188
[oracle@dbim1 ~]$ export HOST2VIP=10.0.0.18# 通过HOST1 VIP连接数据库
[oracle@dbim1 ~]$ sqlplus ssb/ABcd123_#@$HOST1VIP:1521/"orclpdb1.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com"SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 26 05:40:58 2022
Version 21.1.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2020, Oracle. All rights reserved.Last Successful login time: Sat Feb 26 2022 05:40:50 +00:00Connected to:
Oracle Database 21c EE Extreme Perf Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.1.0.0.0SQL> show parameter instance_nameNAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
instance_name string DBRAC1
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 21c EE Extreme Perf Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.1.0.0.0# 通过HOST2 VIP连接数据库
[oracle@dbim1 ~]$ sqlplus ssb/ABcd123_#@$HOST2VIP:1521/"orclpdb1.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com"SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 26 05:41:11 2022
Version 21.1.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2020, Oracle. All rights reserved.Last Successful login time: Sat Feb 26 2022 05:40:59 +00:00Connected to:
Oracle Database 21c EE Extreme Perf Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.1.0.0.0SQL> show parameter instance_namNAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
instance_name string DBRAC2
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 21c EE Extreme Perf Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.1.0.0.0
此时的监听：
[oracle@dbim1 ~]$ netstat -an|grep 1521
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.8:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.239:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.188:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.239:1521 10.0.0.143:33050 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.188:1521 10.0.0.143:43691 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:43691 10.0.0.188:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.188:1521 10.0.0.143:61947 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.8:1521 10.0.0.143:23880 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:61947 10.0.0.188:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:23880 10.0.0.8:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:43703 10.0.0.188:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:33050 10.0.0.239:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.188:1521 10.0.0.143:43703 ESTABLISHED[grid@dbim2 admin]$ netstat -an|grep 1521
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.222:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.18:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.134:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.18:1521 10.0.0.134:55547 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.134:37443 10.0.0.222:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.222:1521 10.0.0.134:37443 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.18:1521 10.0.0.134:55559 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.18:1521 10.0.0.134:55540 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.134:55547 10.0.0.18:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.134:55559 10.0.0.18:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.134:55540 10.0.0.18:1521 ESTABLISHED停止实例2：
[oracle@dbim2 ~]$ sysSQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 26 05:41:42 2022
Version 21.1.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2020, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 21c EE Extreme Perf Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.1.0.0.0SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
通过HOST2 VIP无法连接数据库：
[oracle@dbim1 ~]$ sqlplus ssb/ABcd123_#@$HOST2VIP:1521/"orclpdb1.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com"SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 26 05:57:37 2022
Version 21.1.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2020, Oracle. All rights reserved.ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect
descriptorEnter user-name:
shutdown主机2。
虽然HOST2 VIP漂移到HOST 1，但通过HOST 2 VIP无法连接到数据库：
[oracle@dbim1 ~]$ sqlplus ssb/ABcd123_#@$HOST2VIP:1521/"orclpdb1.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com"SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 26 06:04:19 2022
Version 21.1.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2020, Oracle. All rights reserved.ERROR:
ORA-12541: TNS:no listenerEnter user-name:[oracle@dbim1 ~]$ srvctl config nodeapps -viponly
Network 1 exists
Subnet IPv4: 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0/ens3, static
Subnet IPv6:
Ping Targets:
Network is enabled
Network is individually enabled on nodes:
Network is individually disabled on nodes:
VIP exists: network number 1, hosting node dbim1
VIP Name: dbim1-vip.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com
VIP IPv4 Address: 10.0.0.188
VIP IPv6 Address:
VIP is enabled.
VIP is individually enabled on nodes:
VIP is individually disabled on nodes:
VIP exists: network number 1, hosting node dbim2
VIP Name: dbim2-vip.sub12092311540.training.oraclevcn.com
VIP IPv4 Address: 10.0.0.18
VIP IPv6 Address:
VIP is enabled.
VIP is individually enabled on nodes:
VIP is individually disabled on nodes:
此时的监听：
[oracle@dbim1 ~]$ netstat -an|grep 1521
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.222:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.8:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.239:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.188:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.239:1521 10.0.0.143:33050 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.188:1521 10.0.0.143:43691 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.222:1521 10.0.0.143:27956 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:43691 10.0.0.188:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.188:1521 10.0.0.143:61947 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.8:1521 10.0.0.143:23880 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:61947 10.0.0.188:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:23880 10.0.0.8:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:43703 10.0.0.188:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:33050 10.0.0.239:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.188:1521 10.0.0.143:43703 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.143:27956 10.0.0.222:1521 ESTABLISHED
其实原理就如下面所述：
Overview of Virtual IP Addresses
If a node fails, then the VIP address fails over to another node on which the VIP address can accept TCP connections, but it does not accept connections to the Oracle database. Clients that attempt to connect to a VIP address that does not reside on its home node receive a rapid connection refused error instead of waiting for TCP connect timeout messages. When the network on which the VIP is configured comes back online, Oracle Clusterware fails back the VIP to its home node, where connections are accepted.
还有，模拟故障的话，光禁用网卡是没有用的：
[oracle@dbim2 ~]$ ifconfig -a
ens3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 9000inet 10.0.0.134 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255ether 02:00:17:00:56:d6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 482986 bytes 2850098610 (2.6 GiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 352329 bytes 710302118 (677.3 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0ens3:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 9000inet 10.0.0.18 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255ether 02:00:17:00:56:d6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)ens3:2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 9000inet 10.0.0.222 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255ether 02:00:17:00:56:d6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)ens4: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 9000inet 192.168.16.19 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.16.255ether 02:00:17:00:19:88 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 214924 bytes 333228233 (317.7 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 233037 bytes 495646230 (472.6 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)RX packets 63252 bytes 14790372 (14.1 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 63252 bytes 14790372 (14.1 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0[oracle@dbim2 ~]$ sudo ifconfig ens3:1 down
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