centos7下安装mysql5.7（rpm）

一查看linux操作系统版本和系统内核版本

[root@nfs_client ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release     查看操作系统版本
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
[root@nfs_client ~]# uname -r               查看系统内核版本
3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64

二下载对应版本的MySQL安装文件

1、下载地址；https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2、选择对应的Linux版本和x86/x64进行下载

可以选择 RPM Bundle,下载完记得解压 tar -xvf xxx.tar

[root@nfs_client ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

也可以细化下载，下载须要的mysql组件，有4个：分别是 server、client、common、libs

三卸载旧版本的MySql （没有的话，则跳过此步骤）

1、查看旧版本MySql

rpm -qa | grep mysql

将会列出旧版本MySql的组件列表，如：

我的电脑这里只显示一个，有可能会有多个。

2、逐个删除掉旧的组件

使用命令rpm -e --nodeps {-file-name}进行移除操作，移除的时候可能会有依赖，要注意一定的顺序。

第一次没有删除成功是因为nodeps 前面的两个中划线有一个写成了中文。

四使用 rpm 命令安装MySql组件

使用命令rpm -ivh {-file-name}进行安装操作。

按照依赖关系依次安装rpm包依赖关系依次为common→libs→client→server

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

注：ivh中， i-install安装；v-verbose进度条；h-hash哈希校验

在安装 mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 时有可能会报错：mysql依赖错误

[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64

解决：清除yum里所有mysql依赖包

[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
[root@nfs_client tools]# yum remove mysql-libs注意：
有的系统可能不太一样，没有mysql-libs,而是mariadb-libs,此时要移除的则是mariadb-libs
[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
[root@nfs_client tools]# yum remove mariadb-libs

清除完yum里所有mysql的依赖包后，再次安装mysql组件就不会报错了：

[root@nfs_client tools]# ls
mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@nfs_client tools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@nfs_client tools]#

注意细节：
1> 执行 yum remove mysql-libs 命令后，会自动删除掉 /etc/ 下的 my.cnf 文件
2> 对于安装mysql组件，只有安装了 mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 组件，才会:
a). 在 /etc/下生成 my.cnf 文件和 my.cnf.d 文件夹

b). 在/var/lib/下生产以下三个文件夹

c). 在/var/log/ 下生成 mysqld.log 文件

d). 在/var/run/ 下生成 mysqld 目录

个别情况：
个别情况1：

在阿里云ECS云服务器上安装mysql5.7，当安装 mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 时报错，报错如下：

[root@i3467544tdsxfrZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
        libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64
        libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64
        libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64

真正原因：

真正的原因是 MySQL依赖libaio，所以先要安装libaio，我们通过 rpm -qa|grep libaio 命令查看一下，如图：

经过对比发现，无法正常安装mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64的服务器的确没有安装libaio

所以，解决法案就是：

安装libaio

[root@iZbp1845cet96se1qmb5ekZ ~]# yum -y install libaio
安装libaio后，再重新安装一次mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm，此时就能正常安装了

个别情况2：

比如解决了“个别情况1”，但在启动mysql的时候，启动不起来，或启动后，去查找临时密码，使用命令没反应。查看日志mysqld.log(可在/etc/my.cnf中查找到mysqld.log的配置位置)，报如下错误，此时怎么解决？

[ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.user' doesn't exist

此时，1>先通过rpm -e --nodeps xxx 卸载掉server，卸载后删除datadir目录，2>卸载后查看 /etc/my.cnf 中，datadir的配置情况，将datedir目录删除，3>最后通过命令rpm -ivh xxx 重新安装server,此时就能正常使用mysql了

命令代码如下：

[root@izbp1845cet96se1qmb5ekz ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64[root@izbp1845cet96se1qmb5ekz ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx[root@izbp1845cet96se1qmb5ekz ~]# cd /var/lib[root@izbp1845cet96se1qmb5ekz lib]# rm -rf mysql[root@izbp1845cet96se1qmb5ekz ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm[root@izbp1845cet96se1qmb5ekz ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@izbp1845cet96se1qmb5ekz ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root      3306  1068  0 14:34 pts/0    00:00:00 mysql -uroot -p
mysql    27009     1  1 15:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
root     27038 26239  0 15:27 pts/6    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

编辑my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/home/mysql
#socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
#禁用dns反向查询，可解决IP address 'xxxx' could not be resolved: Name or service not known
skip-name-resolve
##忽略大小写
lower_case_table_names=1
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
#设置group by
sql_mode ='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid[client]
default-character-set=utf8[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

五登录并创建MySql密码

1 启动MySql

安装完后，使用命令 service mysqld start 或 systemctl start mysqld.service 启动MySQL服务。（如果mysql服务无法启动，就重启一下系统）

systemctl start mysqld.service    启动mysql
systemctl status mysqld.service  查看mysql状态
systemctl stop mysqld.service   关闭mysql

查看mysql进程 ps -ef|grep mysql
查看3306端口 netstat -anop|grep 3306

eg:

[root@nfs_client tools]# ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql      4102      1  0 14:29 ?        00:00:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
root       4806   1464  0 14:43 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@nfs_client tools]# ps -ef|grep mysqld
mysql      4102      1  0 14:29 ?        00:00:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
root       4829   1464  0 14:43 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld
[root@nfs_client tools]# firewall-cmd --state
not running
[root@nfs_client tools]# netstat -anop|grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      4102/mysqld          off (0.00/0/0)
[root@nfs_client tools]#

2 登陆mysql修改root密码

由于MySQL5.7.4之前的版本中默认是没有密码的，登录后直接回车就可以进入数据库，进而进行设置密码等操作。其后版本对密码等安全相关操作进行了一些改变，在安装过程中，会在安装日志中生成一个临时密码。

怎么找到这个临时密码呢？

使用：

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

即可查询到类似于如下的一条日志记录：

[root@nfs_client tools]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log    # 在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中搜索字段‘temporary password’
2018-07-18T06:02:23.579753Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: n(jPp4l-C33#

n(jPp4l-C33#即为登录密码。使用这个随机密码登录进去，然后修改密码，使用命令：

mysql -uroot -p

[root@nfs_client tools]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:   # 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> quit      # 输入quit 或 exit 都能退出mysql
Bye

执行下面的命令修改MySql root密码

在5.6后,mysql内置密码增强机制,低强度密码会报错:

ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'sdbrk';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements或
mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('sdbrk');
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

解决方案如下：

可参见：ERROR 1819 （HY000）：Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirments

step1：更改策略，设置 validate_password_policy=0;

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;    # 此时，新密码长度大于等于8位才有效，否则报错

修改有效密码长度：

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

不管设置 validate_password_length=1,还是2,3,4 ,‘有效密码长度’这个参数的实际值都是4。超过4后设置是多少实际就是多少。

step2：重设密码：

mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('9527');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

此时，虽然防火墙我时关着的，但root用户只能用于本机访问，不能用于远程访问，否则会报以下错误。因此，接下来要做的是授予root用户远程访问权限。

查看当前授予过的权限：
use mysql;
select user,host from user;

本机上：

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed
mysql> select user,host from user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| root          | %         |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show grants;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost                                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION        |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

step3: 授予root用户远程访问权限：

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '9527';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.05 sec)

step4: 刷新权限，使设置生效， OK。

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)

在远程机器上测试远程连接： mysql -h192.168.0.241 -uroot -p

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h192.168.0.241  -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 20
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show grants;
+-------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@%                         |
+-------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' |
+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)mysql>

mysql中可以给一个用户授予如select,insert,update,delete等其中的一个或者多个权限,主要使用grant命令,用法格式为：
grant 权限 on 数据库对象 to 用户
一、grant 普通数据用户，查询、插入、更新、删除 数据库中所有表数据的权利。
grant select on testdb.* to common_user@'%'
grant insert on testdb.* to common_user@'%'
grant update on testdb.* to common_user@'%'
grant delete on testdb.* to common_user@'%'
或者，用一条 MySQL 命令来替代：
grant select, insert, update, delete on testdb.* to common_user@'%'