读写三维数据.stl文件

STL文件格式有两种：ASCII字符格式，及二进制格式。

ASCII字符格式的格式如下：

solid name         // 文件名是可选的字符串
facet normal ni nj nk
outer loop
vertex v1x v1y v1z
vertex v2x v2y v2z
vertex v3x v3y v3z
endloop
endfacet
endsolid name      //结束行标志

二进制格式数据：

因为字符格式的STL文件比较大，占空间，因为有了二进制格式，且二进制的存储格式与ASCII的格式不同。二进制有80个字节作为文件头，一般都忽略掉，但开头不能使solid，不然就不能与ASCII格式相区分了。另外，接下来4个字节是存放的三角片的个数。

UINT8[80] – Header
UINT32 – Number of trianglesforeach triangle
REAL32[3] – Normal vector
REAL32[3] – Vertex 1
REAL32[3] – Vertex 2
REAL32[3] – Vertex 3
UINT16 – Attribute byte count
end

读取文件之前需判断文件为哪种格式：

bool isSTLBinary(const char* fileName)
{bool isBinary = false;//return valueFILE *fp = fopen(fileName, "r");//int errorCode = fopen_s(&fp, fileName, "r");// #ifdef __unix// #define fopen_s(pFile,filename, "r") ((*(pFile))=fopen((fileName),  ("r")))==NULL// #endifif (fp)//成功打开文件{printf("%s isSTLBinary open success\n", fileName);//确定文件实际大小fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);//将fp移动到文件尾部int fileSize = ftell(fp);//返回文档首部到fp位置大小（bytes）int facetNum;//计算标准stl二进制文件的大小fseek(fp, 80, SEEK_SET);//跳过文档开头的注释size_t t = fread(&facetNum, sizeof(int), 1, fp);//读取facet的数目并保存在facetNum中int standardBinaryFileSize = 80 + sizeof(int) + facetNum * 50;//判断是否是标准stl文件if (fileSize == standardBinaryFileSize){isBinary = true;}//判断是否是非标准stl文件unsigned char tmpbuf[128];//如果文件过短，这里会有Bugt = fread(tmpbuf, sizeof(tmpbuf), 1, fp);//读取128个char大小的数据for (unsigned int i = 0;i<sizeof(tmpbuf);i++){//char类型取值范围是-128~127,如果是ASCII格式，应该全是charif (tmpbuf[i]>127){isBinary = true;break;}}fclose(fp);printf("t=%d\n", (int)t);}else{printf("%s isSTLBinary open file fail\n", fileName);}return isBinary;
}

之后再根据文件格式选择读取方法。

读取二进制文件：

void openBinaryFile(std::string fileName, std::vector<float>& positions, std::vector<float>& normals)
{FILE *fp = fopen(fileName.c_str(), "rb");int numFacet;//int error= fopen_s(&fp,fileName, "rb");float normal[3];float point1[3];if (fp)//成功打开文件{fseek(fp, 80, SEEK_SET);//跳过开头size_t t = fread(&numFacet, sizeof(int), 1, fp);//读取facet的数目for (int facetIndex = 0; facetIndex < numFacet;++facetIndex){unsigned short attr; //用来储存属性,实际上把这个值丢弃了t = fread(normal, sizeof(float), 3, fp);//读取facet的法向量for (int i = 0; i < 3;++i){t = fread(point1, sizeof(float), 3, fp);//读取vertexpositions.push_back(point1[0] / 1000);positions.push_back(point1[1] / 1000);positions.push_back(point1[2] / 1000);normals.push_back(point1[0] / 1000);normals.push_back(point1[1] / 1000);normals.push_back(point1[2] / 1000);//printf ("%f, %f %f", point1[0], point1[1], point1[2]);}t = fread(&attr, sizeof(unsigned short), 1, fp);//读取属性}printf("t=%d\n", (int)t);}else {printf("%s open fail\n", fileName.c_str());}fclose(fp);
}

读取ASCII文件：

void openASCIIFile(std::string fileName, std::vector<float>& positions, std::vector<float>& normals)
{std::ifstream ifs;ifs.open(fileName, std::ifstream::in);if (ifs.is_open()){/*略去第一行*/std::string line;getline(ifs, line);/*读取facet*/int readCounter = 0;//记录每行读取成功的数据项int lineCounter = 0;double x,y,z = 0;double pointX, pointY, pointZ = 0;while (!ifs.eof()){/*读取facet normal ni nj nk*/getline(ifs, line);readCounter = sscanf(line.c_str(), "%*s %*s %lf %lf %lf\n", &x, &y, &z);if (readCounter!=3){// we could be in the case of a multiple solid object, where after a endfaced instead of another facet we have to skip two lines://     endloop//   endfacet//endsolid     <- continue on ret==0 will skip this line//solid ascii  <- and this one.//   facet normal 0.000000e+000 7.700727e-001 -6.379562e-001lineCounter++;continue;}//end ifgetline(ifs, line);//读取outer loop
/*读取三个顶点坐标vertex v1x v1y v1z*/for (int i = 0; i < 3;i++){getline(ifs, line);readCounter=sscanf(line.c_str(),"%*s %lf %lf %lf", &pointX, &pointY, &pointZ);positions.push_back(pointX);positions.push_back(pointY);positions.push_back(pointZ);normals.push_back(pointX);normals.push_back(pointY);normals.push_back(pointZ);}getline(ifs, line);//读取“endloop”getline(ifs, line);//读取"endfacet"lineCounter += 7;}// end while (ifs.eof())}//end if (ifs.is_open())else{return;}ifs.close();
}

STL 类

class CSTL
{private:
float *vx;
float *vy;
float *vz;int *triaV1;
int *triaV2;
int *triaV3;int m_TriaNum;
public:CSTL();
~CSTL();
public:
bool SetStlInf(float *px,float *py,float *pz,int *TriaNum1,int *TriaNum2,int *TriaNum3,int TriaTotalNum);
bool SaveStlBinary(char *pathname,char * filename);
bool SaveStlASCII(char *pathname,char * filename);};CSTL::CSTL()
{}CSTL::~CSTL()
{}

设置STL信息

bool CSTL::SetStlInf(float *px, float *py, float *pz,int *TriaNum1, int *TriaNum2, int *TriaNum3, int TriaTotalNum)
{bool success = false;vx = px;
vy = py;
vz = pz;triaV1 = TriaNum1;
triaV2 = TriaNum2;
triaV3 = TriaNum3;m_TriaNum = TriaTotalNum;success = true;
return success;
}

保存STL ASCLL 格式文件

bool CSTL::SaveStlASCII(char *pathname,char * filename)
{bool suc = true;
char *savename = new char[100];
sprintf(savename,"%s%s.ast",pathname,filename);char *fileInf = new char[200];
sprintf(fileInf,"solid %s.ast  %s",filename,"by master");FILE *fp = fopen(savename,"w");
fprintf(fp,"%s\n",fileInf);
delete []savename;for(int i=0;i<m_TriaNum;i++)
{int id= triaV1[i];float v1x = vx[id];float v1y = vy[id];float v1z = vz[id];id= triaV2[i];float v2x = vx[id];float v2y = vy[id];float v2z = vz[id];id= triaV3[i];float v3x = vx[id];float v3y = vy[id];float v3z = vz[id];float nx = (v1y-v3y)*(v2z-v3z)-(v1z-v3z)*(v2y-v3y);float ny = (v1z-v3z)*(v2x-v3x)-(v2z-v3z)*(v1x-v3x);float nz = (v1x-v3x)*(v2y-v3y)-(v2x-v3x)*(v1y-v3y);float nxyz = sqrt(nx*nx+ny*ny+nz*nz);fprintf(fp,"facet normal %f %f %f\n",nx/nxyz,ny/nxyz,nz/nxyz);fprintf(fp,"outer loop\n");fprintf(fp,"vertex %f %f %f\n",v1x,v1y,v1z);fprintf(fp,"vertex %f %f %f\n",v2x,v2y,v2z);fprintf(fp,"vertex %f %f %f\n",v3x,v3y,v3z);fprintf(fp,"endloop\n");fprintf(fp,"endfacet\n");}
sprintf(fileInf,"endsolid %s.ast  %s",filename,"by master");
fprintf(fp,"%s\n",fileInf);
fclose(fp);delete []fileInf;return suc;
}

保存STL 二进制格式文件

bool CSTL::SaveStlBinary(char *pathname,char * filename)
{bool suc = true;
char *savename = new char[100];
sprintf(savename,"%s%s.stl",pathname,filename);char *fileInf = new char[200];
sprintf(fileInf,"solid %s.stl  %s",filename,"by master");FILE *fp = fopen(savename,"wb");
delete []savename;float* dat = new float[12];fwrite(fileInf,sizeof(char),80,fp);
fwrite(&m_TriaNum,sizeof(int),1,fp);for(int i=0;i<m_TriaNum;i++)
{int id= triaV1[i];float v1x = vx[id];float v1y = vy[id];float v1z = vz[id];id= triaV2[i];float v2x = vx[id];float v2y = vy[id];float v2z = vz[id];id= triaV3[i];float v3x = vx[id];float v3y = vy[id];float v3z = vz[id];float nx = (v1y-v3y)*(v2z-v3z)-(v1z-v3z)*(v2y-v3y);float ny = (v1z-v3z)*(v2x-v3x)-(v2z-v3z)*(v1x-v3x);float nz = (v1x-v3x)*(v2y-v3y)-(v2x-v3x)*(v1y-v3y);float nxyz = sqrt(nx*nx+ny*ny+nz*nz);dat[0] = nx/nxyz;dat[1] = ny/nxyz;dat[2] = nz/nxyz;dat[3] = v1x;dat[4] = v1y;dat[5] = v1z;dat[6] = v2x;dat[7] = v2y;dat[8] = v2z;dat[9] = v3x;dat[10] = v3y;dat[11] = v3z;fwrite(dat,sizeof(float),12,fp);fwrite("wl",sizeof(char),2,fp);}fclose(fp);delete []dat;
delete []fileInf;return suc;}

https://blog.csdn.net/lo_ve18/article/details/120566054?

https://blog.csdn.net/junpengxue/article/details/9951057?

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