interact: /ˌɪntərˈækt/ v./
to act together or towards others or with others
互相作用;互相影响; 互动.

In Boston, doctors, researchers and robotics engineers have teamed up to bring a friendly, dog-like robot named Spot into Brigham and Women’s Hospital, allowing doctors to interact with COVID-19 patients via telemedicine.
在医生、研究人员和机器人工程师的合作下,友好的机器狗“斑点”进入了波士顿的布里格姆女子医院,让医生可以通过远程医疗系统和新冠肺炎患者进行互动。

Useful expression:
interact with 与……相互作用;与……交流,沟通,互动

Derivatives:
adj. interactive 交互式的;相互作用的
n. interaction 相互作用;(数)相互作用

demeanor: /di’mi:nə/
n. the way a person behaves toward other people
行为;举止;风度;风范

The spirit of the Long March was a vivid reflection of the demeanor of Chinese Communists and the people’s army under their leadership; it was a demonstration of the Chinese people’s spirit of constant self-improvement; and it was the highest embodiment of a national spirit based on patriotism.
伟大长征精神,是中国共产党人及其领导的人民军队革命风范的生动反映,是中华民族自强不息的民族品格的集中展示,是以爱国主义为核心的民族精神的最高体现。

Synonyms: behavior; presence; bearing

overwhelming /ˌoʊvərˈwelmɪŋ/
adj. so strong as to be irresistible; very large or greater, more important etc. than any other 势不可挡的;无法抗拒的;难以应对的;巨大的

  1. Whether it’s studying for exams, working on a project or struggling with a dissertation, we’ve all been under immense stress at some point. When it gets a bit overwhelming, we can reach a level of exhaustion that is unprecedented – the dreaded burnout.
    无论是为考试而学习,做一个项目,还是为论文而奋斗,我们都在某些时候承受着巨大的压力。当事情变得有点难以应付时,我们会达到前所未有的疲惫程度——可怕的倦怠。

  2. So the overwhelming increase in its profitability came from cutting costs and winning shoppers.
    因此,其利润的大幅增长来自于削减成本和赢得消费者。

Useful expressions:
overwhelming superiority
overwhelming majority
overwhelming sense of loss/ achievement/…

Derivatives:
overwhelmingly adv. 压倒性地;不可抗拒地
overwhelm v. 压到;淹没;制服

leverage /ˈliːvərɪdʒ/
v. use (something) to maximum advantage 充分利用
n. ( technical ) the act of using a lever to open or lift sth;杠杆作用
(formal) the ability to influence what people do 影响力

  1. Countries need to leverage and coordinate their macro policies to counteract the negative impact.
    各国应该联手加大宏观政策对冲力度。

  2. His position as mayor gives him leverage to get things done.
    他的市长身份使他有影响力办成一些事情。

Useful expressions:
financial leverage
leverage ratio
leverage effect
diplomatic leverage

lever: n. 杠杆;控制杠
v. 用杠杆撬

transcend /trænˈsend/
v. To be greater in scope or size than some standard 超越;胜过

The world must say no to any sort of political virus, and transcend all possible differences to conquer our enemy.
全世界必须对任何形式的“政治病毒”说不,超越一切可能存在的分歧,战胜我们共同的敌人。

Synonyms: exceed; surpass; overstep; overcome; top; go beyond

Derivatives:
transcendent: adj. 卓越的;出类拔萃的
transcendental: adj 先验的;卓越的;超自然的
transcendentally adv. 直觉地;先验地
transcendence n. 超越;卓越;超然存在

relevancy /'reləvənsi:/
n. The relation of something to the matter at hand 相关物;切题

From here the system scores and compiles your reading list based on relevancy.
然后系统就会根据相关性对你的阅读列表进行打分和编辑。

Derivatives:
relevance: n. 关联;相关性
relevant: adj. 相关的;切题的;有意义的
relevantly: adv. 贴切地;有关联地

Being a planet or not being a planet makes a major difference, just as the words “I love you”or “I hate you” have majorly different meanings behind them. Words have a powerful and undeniably overwhelming influence on us—for good and, at times, for bad… (para. 2)

Being … or not being … makes a major difference: 是…或不是…有着很大的区别

have a powerful and overwhelming influence on: to have a strong and irresistible effect on 有着强大和势不可挡的影响

Translation: 成为一颗行星还是不成为一颗行星有着很大的不同,就像“我爱你”或“我恨你”这两个词背后有着截然不同的含义一样。言语对我们有着强大而不可否认的压倒性影响——有好的一面,也有坏的一面。

It may not seem intentional, but it has been. At the core, a large “organization of words” shift has taken place right in front of us. As a result, words have forever changed our lives and will continue to change our lives as never before. For the majority of us, not a single day goes by when we fail to interact and create relationships with words. (para.4)

  1. at the core: at the center 为核心;…的核心
    (1)Employee health and wellness should be at the core of any executive leadership agenda.
    员工的身心健康应该是任何行政领导议程的核心。
    (2)My husband and I have a win-win relationship at the core of our marriage, and this is because we respect each other.
    在婚姻的核心里,我和我的丈夫是一种双赢的关系,这是因为我们尊重彼此。

  2. not a single day goes by…: every day goes by…没有哪一天不… (注意倒装句型的使用)

Translation: 这似乎不是有意为之,但事实却是如此。 一个巨大的“词语组织”的核心转变已经出现在我们面前。因此,言语永远地改变了我们的生活,并将继续以前所未有的方式改变我们的生活。对我们大多数人来说,没有哪一天我们不与词语互动,不与词语建立关系。

As a result, you learn of clinical trials as a treatment option, so you again leverage the interaction with words: “clinical trials for triple negative breast cancer,” and you find a powerful option that gives you another word — hope. Then and there, words and our relationship to them cross over into something that changes our life once again — twice in the same day, perhaps. (para.6)

1.clinical trials: clinical tests 临床试验

2.then and there: on the spot; dead to rights 当场;当时当地
All I could do is record what I saw then and there in sketch forms.
我只能将我所看到的情景和场面白描似地记录下来。

3.cross over:the interchange of sections; cross point 横穿横渡;交叉点
Their common point is their ability to cross over, to mix various influences to build their own style.
他们的共同点在于跨越并融合各种文化并创造他们自己的风格。

Translation: 结果,你把临床试验作为一种治疗选择来学习,所以你再一次利用与词语(“三阴性乳腺癌的临床试验”)的互动,然后你发现了一个强有力的选项,给了你另一个词——希望。就在那时,词语和我们与它们之间的关系再次交织在一起,改变了我们的生活——也许是同一天两次。

The meaning and value of words have become largely dependent on real-time demand, and therefore, the perceived value is determined solely by the epicenter of time and need. In other words, it’s determined when a moment in time crosses paths with a particular individual’s needs and the two interact. (para.7)

Translation:言语的意义和价值很大程度上依赖于实时需求,因此其能被感知的价值完全由时间中心时段和需求的关键点决定。换句话说,它是由某一时刻与特定个体的需求相遇并相互作用所决定的。

The way we interpret the end result of each of those seemingly simple words changes our present and future behaviors in real time. In fact, free shipping is still considered one of the top triggers to purchase. (para. 9)

Translation: 我们对每一个看似简单的词语最终结果的解释方式,都会实时地改变我们现在和未来的行为。事实上,免费送货仍然被认为是购买商品的首要诱因之一。

Words also have great impact in the social media context. If a company truly manages social activity correctly and mines the data for trends via social intelligence analysis, what they would find are great differences in their customer mindset, purchase strategy, message associations and ultimately needs. (para. 12)

Translation:言语在社交媒体环境中也有很大的影响。如果一家公司正确地管理社交,并通过社交智能分析挖掘趋势数据,他们会发现,他们的客户心态、购买策略、信息关联以及最终需求都存在巨大差异。

Useful Expressions


In poetry, words are arranged in lines and stanzas rather than sentences and paragraphs. Lines and stanzas contribute to the visual element of a poem and enhance the reader’s overall experience by providing places to pause and rest stops to consider a change in subject matter. Another hallmark of poetry is that it uses few words to create high impact. Therefore, the poet chooses his words economically, using specific combinations of words and literary devices to produce vivid imagery and pack meaning into each line. Poems are often inspired by the poet’s own experiences and inspirations. The poet has discovered something profound and wants to relate it to others; therefore, poems are designed to provoke thought or cause an emotional response in the reader.

在诗歌中,词是按照行和节排列的,而不是句子和段落。诗行和诗节有助于诗歌的视觉元素的形成,并通过提供暂停和空白来考虑主题的变化,增强读者的整体体验。诗歌的另一个特点是,它使用很少的文字来创造高影响力。因此,诗人在用词上讲究经济,运用特定的词语组合和文学手法,产生生动的意象,并将意义融入每一行。诗歌常常受到诗人自身经历和灵感的启发。诗人发现了一些深奥的东西,想把它与他人联系起来;因此,诗歌的目的是激发思想或引起读者的情感反应。

Only at college can you become aware of (realize / recognize) the importance of self-restraint. It usually takes a couple of months to adapt to (get accustomed to) college life, hence the need to (so it is necessary to / there is the need to) learn to be self-reliant. Moreover, you have to set some achievable goals, such as going on to graduate school (taking the entrance test for graduate schools). Academic performance (grades) can make much difference to your future. Those who spend as much time as possible on their study are most likely to be top students (excel).

只有在大学你才可能意识到自我约束的重要性。适应大学生活往往需要几个月的时间,因此有必要学会自立。此外,你要制订一些可实现的目标,如读研。学习成绩对于你的未来关系很大。把尽可能多的时间用于学习的人最有可能成为尖子生。

writing task

Some people think schools should teach students to form good behavior in addition to providing formal education. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Write a short essay around 250 words.

It is often argued that teachers should be accountable for their students’ good and bad conducts as they are responsible for teaching them the morality of their children. Others, on the other hand, opine that educators’ role should be limited to imparting academic (educational) curriculum among students. This essay will discuss both points of view and argue that instructors can share the responsibility for inculcating socially acceptable manners in students along with academic course training, followed by a reasoned conclusion.
Many support the teacher’s role in students’ behaviour modification. Firstly, they think that students spend much more time with their educators in school than with their parents. So, it is easy for the trainers to develop a good interpersonal relationship with students and, thereby, can have a great influence on their trainees. In addition, they can give moral lessons through moral classes. Moreover, most of the students find their teachers as their role model. So, the students accept the instructions of their professors than those of others.
Alternatively, others advocate that academic subjects must be the only priority for educators. They believe that this encourages teachers to concentrate only on course works and thereby could contribute to better academic achievements of the students. This is true of pupils who follow the classes with great attentiveness. But this essay disagrees with this view because it cannot bring the maximum outcome from other students if they are not motivated to learn. So a teacher, who can impose good conduct on his students, who can divert his students from immoral behaviour, can expect the best possible result from his students.
In summary, although teachers’ primary role is guiding students in academic course work, their ultimate goal should be creating citizens with good conduct and better career prospects.

比较级
一、了解 as… as + 数字的确切意义
阅读时我们经常遇到下面这样的句子,尤其是 as many as 和 as much as 比较常见:

  1. There are sometimes as many as eight or ten rows of trees flanking the highway.
  2. It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases…
  3. Sometimes, these workers have to work as long as twelve hours a day.
  4. During inflation, the price of consumer goods sometimes goes up as much as 20 percent.
  5. The auditor was warned about the problems at the clinic operator as far back as 1998.
  6. Others were killed when buildings collapsed in the quake, Algeria’s worst in more than 20
    years and felt as far away as Spain.(甚至西班牙都能感觉到)
  7. By the year 2025, AIDS will be by far the major killer of young Africans, decreasing life
    expectancy to as low as 40 years in some countries.
  8. The world’s reserves of fossil fuels will eventually be exhausted, some as soon as the 21st
    century.
  9. People began to pay attention to the greenhouse effect as early as 30 years ago.
  10. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the
    interest of the individual.(早在 1809 年)
    上述句子中的 as… as 不能理解为“ 与……一样”,应结合中间的形容词或副词译成
    “多达”、“长达”或“高达”等。如例 9 中的 as early as 30 years ago 可翻译为“早在 30 年
    前”。又如:
    高达 8 848 米 (as high as 8,848 meters)
    多达 4 亿美元 (as much as 400 million dollars)
    深达 10 英里 (as deep as 10 miles)
    被耽搁长达两小时 (be delayed as long as two hours)
    多达 13 亿的人口 (a population as large as 1.3 billion)
    所以,要想突出某个时间点、时间长度、数量、幅度或距离时,可以用 as… as 结构,如
    “我学英语长达 10 年了”可翻译为“I have been learning English for as long as ten years”。

二、as… as 和 more… than 句型的使用
请比较“他在英语上花的时间没我多”的不同译文:
11. The time he spends on English is not so much as I (me).
12. The time he spends on English is not so much as mine.
13. The time he spends on English is not so much as the time I spend on English.
14. The time he spends on English is less than I spend on English.
15. He spends less time on English than I do.
16. He doesn’t spend so much time on English as I do.
17. He doesn’t spend as much time on English as I do.
18. I spend more time on English than he does.
前 4 个句子都是典型的汉语式思维,按汉语词序直译,不符合英文表达习惯。相比之
下,后 4 句要好得多,至少是可以接受的表达方式。第 6 个句子可能是最好的。翻译“不
如”时,not so (as)… as 比 less… than 更常用,要切记否定动词,翻译时尽量以动作执行
者充当主语。

试译:
他在工作中交的朋友没我多。
父母在儿童成长中起的作用可能超过老师。
我去过的中国城市比你多多了。
我要学的东西太多,一辈子也学不完。
他得到工作的可能性与被选为洛杉矶市长的可能性差不多。
译文:
He has not made so (as) many friends at work as I have.(不要翻译成 The friends he has
made…)
Parents may play a more important role in children’s growth than teachers do.(最好不以
role 开头)
I have been to far more cities in China than you have (have you).(不要用 cities 充 当
主语)
There is more for me to learn than I can manage in my lifetime.(也可用 too… to 翻译)
He has about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Los Angeles.(如
果以 chance 开头,句子不好翻译,可能特别麻烦)
比较数量时常用 have 或 there be 句型,也可用 more 或 fewer 等词开头,尽量避免使
用 be more than sb. 或 be less / fewer than sb. 等结构。例如:
19. 我在北京的亲属比你多。
I have more relatives in Beijing than you do.(最好不要译成:My relatives are more than
yours.)
20. 高峰时间坐公共汽车的人比中午多多了。
There are far more bus-riders during rush hour than at noon.
Far more people take a bus during rush hour than at noon.
21. 这篇课文的生词没上篇多。
There are not so many new words in this text as in the previous one. (也可用“There are
fewer new words in this text than in the previous one.”)
22. 我们班女孩比男孩多。
There are more boys than girls in our class.
Girls outnumber boys in our class.
23. 有多少历史学家,就几乎有多少对历史的界定。
There are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians.
24. 有多少学科,就有多少不同类别的科学家。
There are as many types of scientists as there are sciences.
表示“数量比……多得多”时,有个说法:much more 修饰不可数名词,而 many
more 修饰可数名词,如:
I have much more work to do than you.
I have many dollars than you do.
但实际上,用 many more 的情况不多,不如用 far 或 a lot 等词替换。

值得注意的是,中国学生经常在 as somebody 或 than somebody 后面省略系动词、助
动词或情态动词,结果是有些句子意义不清,也就是比较对象不明,如:
25. Andrew’s mom likes this dog better than his dad.
26. Andrew is more dependent on his mom than his dad.
第一句中,通常的理解是 Andrew’s mom 与 Andrew’s dad 相比较,也就是“妈妈比
爸爸更喜欢这只狗”,但意义也可能是“妈妈喜爱这只狗的程度超过喜爱爸爸”。为了避
免疑义,可在 dad 后面加上 does,这样就明确表明是第一种意义。如果想表达第二种意义,
可在 his dad 前面加上 she does。在第二句中,如果在 his dad 后面加上 is,就表明比较的
对象是 Andrew 和 his dad,如果在 his dad 前面加上 on,则表明比较对象是 his mom 和 his
dad。
要注意该类句子中同一个介词的重复,如:
depend as much on parents as on friends
learn more from books than from teachers
have as much effect on doctors as on patients
be determined more by demand than by supply
be as kind to her parents as she is to patients
试翻译:
对空气质量担忧的程度与对父母健康担忧的程度相同
对流行音乐的兴趣超过古典音乐
和父母在一起的时间同与自己孩子在一起的时间差不多
与经验的关系和与方法的关系一样大
可翻译为:
be as concerned about air quality as about one’s parents’ health
be more interested in pop music than in classical music
spend about as much time with one’s parents as with one’s child
have as much to do with experience as with methods
如果 as… as 之间的形容词修饰某个名词,那么该名词要放在 as… as 之间,不定冠词
放在形容词之后,如:
This is not so difficult a language as I was told.(difficult 修饰 a language,不宜写为“This
is not a language as difficult as I was told.”)
Please take as many magazines with you as you like.
Beijing is as interesting a city to visit as Shanghai is.(interesting 修饰 a city)
She doesn’t have so much change on her as I do.(change 接 on her)
Mary is as smart a girl as you are. (不宜写为 …is a girl as smart as you are 或 …is as a
smart girl as you are)

有时 as… as 和 more than 用于比较同一个对象的不同特点,而非两者间的对比,有时
可翻译为“与其……不如”或“主要……其次”。
27. This is not so much a battle over beliefs as over values.(可改写为:This is more (of) a
battle… than…)
28. He was more offended than pleased.(与其说是高兴,不如说是恼火)
29. She is as clever as pretty.
30. This experiment is more of a success than a failure.
31. She is as much of a friend to me as a teacher.(既是朋友,又是老师)
32. The computer is more of a blessing than a curse.(电脑利大于弊)
还有其他例句,如:
33. Cities represent environments which are less than ideal in many respects.(未达到理想
程度)
34. I love you more than I can say.(无法用语言表达)
35. You appear in my heart more often than you know. (你不知道我多想你。)
36. This is more than I can tolerate.
37. In this case, you can do nothing more than console her.(只能安慰她)
书上语法翻译答案:

  1. It takes less time to go to the Forbidden City by subway than by bus.
  2. More college students choose to go on to graduate school than to study abroad.
  3. He is more of a friend than a classmate to me.
  4. Some people care about themselves as much as about others.
  5. My adviser reads much more literature each day than I do.
  6. Paris is as charming a city as London is.
  7. There are far more male smokers than female ones.
  8. Far more people die from road accidents than from air crash each year.
    Road accidents kill far more people than air crash does each year.
    Each year, road accidents take far more lives than air crash does.
  9. The population of Beijing is as large as 21,707,000.
  10. Our research group has published almost as many SCI papers as your lab has.

Text A译文
一句话就能改变你的一生。想想看,因为它确实是一个具有颠覆性的表述——改变
你的生活。十多年来,科技给我们的生活带来的词汇比以往任何时候都多。文字不再只是
我们听到、书写或读到的东西,而已经成为我们进行创造,以及如何与周围的世界互动
的载体。
[1] 我们从小就相信这首童谣:“棍棒和石头可以打断我的骨头,但言语永远伤害不了
我。”然而,在某一时刻,你意识到这完全是不真实的,言语可能会伤人,就像你知道冥
王星是一颗行星,但多年后发现它只是一个冰球,不再被归类为行星。言语,我的朋友,
改变一切!言语对我们所知道的东西、我们如何与人互动以及我们最终做出的决定有着戏
剧性的影响。言语可以影响我们、激励我们,也可以轻易地让我们流泪。
[2] 言语改变了我们的人际关系、我们的举止、我们的整个信仰体系,甚至我们的生
意。成为一颗行星还是不成为一颗行星有着很大的不同,就像“我爱你”或“我恨你”
这两个词背后有着截然不同的含义一样。言语对我们有着强大而不可否认的压倒性的影
响——有好的一面,也有坏的一面。想一下言语是如何改变你的生活的:
[3]嫁给我!是一个女孩!你有癌症。我们失去了他。你被雇用了!你被炒了。我们
赢了!我们输了。有罪。无罪。
[4] 这似乎不是有意为之,但事实确实如此。一个巨大的“词语组织”的核心转变已
经出现在我们面前。因此,言语永远地改变了我们的生活,并将继续以前所未有的方式改变我们的生活。对我们大多数人来说,没有哪一天我们不与词语互动,不与词语建立关系。
以谷歌为例。谷歌是一家专注于词语分类和组织的公司。事实上,这是一个非常简单的关
注点:谷歌比任何其他实体都更擅长词语组织。现在,他们可能会说他们组织信息,包括
文档、视频、照片、地图等等。但本质上,它们都是文字。一个文档可能有很多词语,但
是它们总是被组织在一个主题中;而一个主题通常可以聚焦于一个句子或标题中,而后一
个标题可以聚焦于一个主要议题或词语中。视频、照片、地图等等也不例外。
[5] 设想一下,你在医生的办公室然后被告知:“你得了癌症。”
[6] 仅仅一个单词“癌症”就改变了你和你身边的人的生活。显然,你听到了医生说
的话,但是你会去一个你知道能得到很多答案的地方——搜索引擎。当你回到家里,打开
电脑、平板电脑或手机时,你可能会这样做。但尽管如此,你还是可以通过在搜索框中输
入“什么是癌症”“癌症治疗”“癌症治愈”“癌症存活”等来创建关键词并与之互动。癌
症有多种表现形式,所以你的搜索可能更具体:“什么是三阴乳腺癌”“三阴乳腺癌治疗方
法”。当你打字时,文字会与你互动,为你的问题提供答案。结果,你把临床试验作为一
种治疗选择来学习,所以你再一次利用与词语(“三阴性乳腺癌的临床试验”)的互动,然
后你发现了一个强有力的选项,给了你另一个词——希望。就在那时,词语和我们与它们
之间的关系再次交织在一起,改变了我们的生活——也许是同一天两次。
[7] 言语的意义和价值很大程度上依赖于实时需求,因此其能被感知的价值完全由时
间中心时段和需求的关键点决定。换句话说,它是由某一时刻与特定个体的需求相遇并相
互作用所决定的。在新经济中,言语也有经济价值。因此 , 在搜索引擎中输入“癌症”对
于刚诊断出该疾病的人来说是极其重要和宝贵的;而对于想购买 42 英寸 3D 电视的人来说,
“免费送货”可能是最重要的和有价值的。而以上这两个词汇不仅对于词语提供方(例如
谷歌或亚马逊),还有一些第三方(例如研究所或索尼公司)都有其货币价值。
[8] 像推特这样的服务也把重点放在词语上(事实上,考虑到 140 个字符的限制,这
类服务非常少),通过标签词(一个词紧跟在 # 之后——例如 #cancer)来定义趋势。话虽
如此,文字超越了搜索和推特。词语已成为日常生活的关键。在我们的车里,我们很多人
都用语言来寻求帮助,要么通过安吉星(我需要帮助,我的车发动不了)这样的服务,要
么通过 GPS(当被告知右转时不要左转,或者下一个离开你嘴边的词很可能是“糟糕”)。
[9] 在 Amazon.com、FatCork.com、BestBuy.com 甚至是 ColonialCandle.com 等电子商
务网站,词语改变了我们的体验:免费送货、我们推荐、一键结账、缺货、预订等等。我
们对每一个看似简单的词语最终结果的解释方式,都会实时地改变我们现在和未来的行为。
事实上,免费送货仍然被认为是购买商品的首要诱因之一。
[10] 在媒体行业,搜索——包括付费搜索和搜索引擎优化(SEO)——是围绕着词语
的使用而发展起来的一个巨大的行业领域。词语在付费搜索和搜索引擎优化中都有含义。
最大的因素之一包括相关性:搜索到的单词与文本、广告文案、登录页面上的词语以及网
站上的词语之间的相关性如何 ? 它们都是相互联系的。词语将我们与科技联系在一起。
[11] 以新款 iPhone 4S 为例。Siri 是一个新功能,这种工具使用文字来帮助用户 ( 而且准确率惊人 )。通过对着手机大声说话,用户可以发送信息,安排会议,找到附近的餐馆,
打电话等等。如果你还没试过,你应该试试。你会为了此功能而想要买新的 iPhone 4S。
事实上,Siri 甚至可能挽救你的生命,因为你不再需要看手机来选择要拨打的号码,这样
你的眼睛就可以一直盯着路了。
[12] 言语在社交媒体环境中也有很大的影响。如果一家公司正确地管理社交,并通过
社交智能分析挖掘趋势数据,他们会发现,他们的客户心态、购买策略、信息关联以及最
终需求都存在巨大差异。这种学习可以转化为在客户服务、电视、印刷、户外、活动和数
字媒体渠道中的应用策略,以某种方式——也就是用词语——进一步与客户建立联系,客
户希望从公司中得到什么,而不是公司认为客户想要什么。
[13] 最后,言语在宗教中也有重要的意义。宗教语境中,某些词语的使用和意义引发
了激烈的争论,甚至引发了战争。只要提到“上帝”、“安拉”和“佛陀”这三个词,你就
会想到人们思想上的巨大差异。这同样也适用于政治。只要简单地提到共和党、民主党或
茶党,你就会从普通百姓那里得到截然不同的反应。
[14] 言语永远地改变了我们的生活。它们改变了我们的视角,改变了我们的购买
习惯,改变了我们的情绪,甚至改变了我们使用科技的方式。也许他们能帮你找到一位朋
友,一个产品,一个服务,一份工作,一位配偶,得到一个推荐,甚至挽救你的生命。
Text B译文
诗歌能拯救我们的生命吗?
吉尔 · 拜尔罗斯凯
[1] 我是一个孩子,坐在四年级教室的木质活动写字台前,听哈德逊小姐读罗伯
特 · 弗罗斯特的那首诗:《那条未走的路》,这是一首关于两条路和一个十字路口的诗。哈
德逊小姐热爱文学。当她背诵这首诗时,她疯狂地做着手势,衣服上浸出汗渍,口沫横飞。
[2] 我看着同学们坐在一模一样的课桌前,阳光下课桌上的墨迹,刻着的首字母签名,
还有木头上的裂缝清晰可见。一个女孩又高又大,有一张漂亮的脸庞和一头卷曲的金发。
另一个腿很瘦,穿着齐膝高的袜子。还有个是班花。后排的那个男孩在他的皮大衣上别了
一个“投肯尼迪一票”的徽章。我想象我的同学与完美的家人过着完美的生活,他们也同
样被迷住了吗?
[3] 我的脸是圆的,脸周围的头发剪短了,刘海用发夹向后别着。我是个笨拙的孩子,
和别人在一起很不自在。让我感到羞耻的事情越来越多:我为自己穿了一件蓝色的连体式
短运动服,看上去滑稽可笑而感到尴尬。我担心我会最后一个被选中去夺取旗子。在音乐
课上,我害怕唱音阶。当我被叫到的时候,我几乎无法抬起下巴,也无法避免不脸红。然
后哈德逊小姐给我们读了这首诗。
[4]《那条未走的路》
罗伯特 · 弗罗斯特(1874—1963)
小路在缀满黄叶的树林里分了岔,
可惜我只能选择其中的一条。
一名过客啊,我久久地呆立,
极目望向一条路的去处,
望着它隐没在灌木丛中。
然后我走上了另一条岔路,
和旁边那条一样好,或许更好。
因为它的草更多,看起来较少有人经过。
但也难说,经过每条路的人
也许都差不多。
那天早上,两条岔路看起来其实完全一样,
一样地盖在尚不曾被人踏过的落叶里。
哦,等我来日再把今天没走的岔路走一遍吧!
但我知道,一条路走到头又会连着新的岔路,
所以我想,也许我再也没可能重新回到这里了。
多年之后,不知道我已走到了何地,
但一提起今天的选择,必定免不了一声叹息:
我曾踌躇在某个树林里的岔路上,然后
走上了人迹较少的一条,
从此,一切都不同了。
[5] 父亲在我两岁时去世了。他在当地的小巷子里进行的双人保龄球比赛时突发心脏
病,我曾经一度以为是打篮球。这些故事经历记忆成形。我想象他把保龄球推到胸前,抱
着它,放开它,球沿着过道旋转,撞掉所有的球瓶,然后,在一瞬间,所有的灯都熄灭了。
我想不出更多了。深夜,我躺在床上,想着我的父亲,仿佛要将他从我母亲保存在相册里
的照片上回忆起来。当我看着照片中他的脸时,我试着发现自己也在其中。我有他的眼睛,
他的嘴,他的智慧吗?我知道我不具备他的运动才能。我母亲是个年轻的寡妇,有三个不
到三岁的孩子。在我的家里,或者是在我的被庇护的郊区的世界里,没有任何语言可以帮
助我理解那件事是如何标记我的生活的。
[6] 作为一个小女孩,我在《那条未走的路》中听到了自己的故事。有两条路:在一
条路上,家庭是完整的,没有破碎;父亲不会英年早逝;母亲是幸福的,一切就像拼图一
样刚刚好拼在一起;而另一条我走的路,弯弯曲曲的,看似不对,一路上颠簸不断。
[7] 我在数学和科学上都很努力。阅读已经超越了一切,通过弗罗斯特,我发现了一
种语言,在这种语言中,文字被组织起来,用来表达情感和意义。诗人清晰的声音从哈德
逊小姐的嘴里发出来。声音是亲切而毋庸置疑而又充满力量,通过诗歌描述之力,我在叙
述中读到自己的体验。实质上,我凭直觉感受到诗人在孤独地思考,领悟到字里行间蕴藏
的丰富与层叠的意义。
[8] 父亲的早逝使我与同龄人隔离,我认为他们虽然没有经历过悲伤,但是的确他们
也有自己的缺失和困境。一个孩子总是认为她是孤独地生活在痛苦中。在我们这个由家人
和朋友组成的小圈子里,众所周知,我和姐妹们是母亲的可怜女儿。悲剧使我们自觉害羞。
当我们进入一个房间时,人们会盯着我们看。我怀疑我们的脸上是否有某种我看不见的父
亲去世的痕迹。要是有人能谈谈发生在我们身上的事就好了,但是恐惧使谈话陷入停顿。
死亡是一个绝口不提的话题,好人是不会讨论的。
[9] 当哈德逊小姐背诵《那条未走的路》时,我在脑海中形成了一幅画面。一条路已
经破旧不堪。另一个花草茂盛,绿树成荫,充满魔力地在呼唤着我。通过旅行,我可能会
发现什么样的生活 ? 不止一条途径,突然间我也身入其中,我属于这里。我的想象力给予
我一种应对技巧。诗歌的力量可以是一种诠释我自己现实生活的方法。读诗有很多原因。为了解释意义的乐趣,为了韵律和意象,为了一首诗所能表达的东西。诗歌的奇妙之处在
于,读者如何通过想象的方式,将自己置身于诗歌之中,并沿着诗歌的道路前行。
[10] 当我渴望温柔和爱的时候,诗歌是一种安慰。我意识到另一个人花了时间来写
它们,它们是对读者的慷慨和奉献。诗歌以一种奇特的方式取代了我原本枯燥、空虚
的生活。
[11] 一首诗不是只有一次生命或对单个个体的一生产生一次影响——正如对我的影响
那样——无论影响如何持久,它也有来世。这种读者记忆中的后存在可以是理智的,分
析的,甚至是技术上的,同时仍然保持着第一次相遇的完整性和奇妙。难道《那条未走
的路》没有把我从童年没有父亲陪伴成长的耻辱中拯救出来吗?如果我们能被什么支撑着
“路是怎样通向路的”所拯救,那么毫无疑问,它做到了。

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