Ansible ad-hoc简介

什么是ad-hoc？
ad-hoc简而言之就是“临时命令”，执行完即结束，并不会保存

ad-hoc模式的使用场景
比如在多台机器上查看某个进程是否启动，或拷贝指定文件到本地，等等

ad-hoc模式的命令使用

批量查看磁盘信息

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m command -a 'df -h' -i ./hosts
web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3        18G  1.1G   17G    6% /
devtmpfs        981M     0  981M    0% /dev
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           992M  9.5M  982M    1% /run
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      1014M  124M  891M   13% /boot
tmpfs           199M     0  199M    0% /run/user/0web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3        18G  1.1G   17G    6% /
devtmpfs        981M     0  981M    0% /dev
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           992M  9.5M  982M    1% /run
tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      1014M  124M  891M   13% /boot
tmpfs           199M     0  199M    0% /run/user/0

批量查看内存信息

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m command -a 'free -m' -i ./hosts
web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1982         143        1688           9         150        1668
Swap:          1023           0        1023web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1982         142        1684           9         155        1666
Swap:          1023           0        1023

ad-hoc结果返回颜色
绿色: 代表被管理端主机没有被修改
黄色: 代表被管理端主机发现变更
红色: 代表出现了故障，注意查看提示

ad-hoc常用模块

command             # 执行shell命令(不支持管道等特殊字符)
shell               # 执行shell命令
scripts             # 执行shell脚本
yum_repository      # 配置yum仓库
yum                 # 安装软件
copy                # 变更配置文件
file                # 建立目录或文件
service             # 启动与停止服务
mount               # 挂载设备
cron                # 定时任务
get_url             #下载软件
firewalld           #防火墙
selinux             #selinux

Ansible-doc帮助手册

[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -l        # 查看所有模块说明
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc copy      # 查看指定模块方法
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -s copy   # 查看指定模块参数

Ansible命令模块

command

默认模块, 只用于执行命令

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -a "hostname"

shell

如果需要一些管道操作，则使用shell

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a "ps -ef|grep nginx" -f 50

script

编写脚本

[root@m01 ~]# vim /root/yum.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
yum install -y vsftpd

在本地运行模块，等同于在远程执行，不需要将脚本文件进行推送目标主机执行

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m script -a "/root/yum.sh"

Ansible软件管理模块

yum

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum -a "name=httpd state=present"
name                            httpd                       #指定要安装的软件包名称file://                     #指定本地安装路径（yum localinstall 本地rpm包）http://                     #指定yum源（从远程仓库获取rpm包）state                           #指定使用yum的方法installed,present           #安装软件包removed,absent              #移除软件包latest                      #安装最新软件包[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc yum
exclude=kernel*,foo*            #排除某些包
list=ansible                    #类似于yum list查看是否可以安装
disablerepo="epel,ol7_latest"   #禁用指定的yum仓库
download_only=true              #只下载不安装 yum install d

yum_repository

name        #指定仓库名，如果没有file则为仓库文件名
baseurl     #指定yum源
gpgcheck    #指定检查秘钥noyesenabled     #是否启用仓库noyes

添加yum仓库

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a "name=ahui_epel description=EPEL baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/$basearch/" -i ./hosts

仓库名和配置文件名不同

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=ahui_epel description=EPEL file=test_ahui baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=no' -i ./hosts

添加mirrorlist

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=ahui_epel description=EPEL file=test_ahui baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=no mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.repoforge.org/el7/mirrors-rpmforge enabled=no' -i ./hosts

删除yum仓库及文件

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=ahui_epel file=test_ahui state=absent' -i ./hosts

开起gpgcheck

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=ahui_epel description=EPEL file=test_ahui baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=yes gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7' -i ./hosts

Ansible文件管理模块

对于文件管理，我们在学习Linux基础的时候，就学习了很多命令，比如创建，删除，移动，拷贝，下载…等

生产场景，统一配置管理

copy

src             #推送数据的源文件信息
dest            #推送数据的目标路径
backup          #对推送传输过去的文件，进行备份
content         #直接批量在被管理端文件中添加内容
group           #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属组信息
owner           #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属主信息
mode            #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件权限信息

推送文件模块

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp/ahui.txt"

在推送覆盖远程端文件前，对远端已有文件进行备份，按照时间信息备份

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp/ahui.txt backup=yes"

直接向远端文件内写入数据信息，并且会覆盖远端文件内原有数据信息

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "content='ahui' dest=/tmp/ahui.txt"

template

src             #推送数据的源文件信息
dest            #推送数据的目标路径
backup          #对推送传输过去的文件，进行备份
content         #直接批量在被管理端文件中添加内容
group           #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属组信息
owner           #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属主信息
mode            #将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件权限信息

使用方式同copy模块，但template模块可以使文件调用变量

file

path            #指定远程主机目录或文件信息
recurse         #递归授权
state directory   #在远端创建目录touch       #在远端创建文件link        #link或hard表示创建链接文件absent      #表示删除文件或目录mode        #设置文件或目录权限owner       #设置文件或目录属主信息group       #设置文件或目录属组信息

创建目录

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/ahui_dir state=directory"

创建文件并修改属主属组和数字权限

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/ahui_file state=touch mode=0555 owner=root group=root"

指定ahui_dir_link为ahui_dir文件的软连接

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "src=/tmp/ahui_dir path=/tmp/ahui_dir_link state=link"

递归修改属主属组

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/ahui_dir state=directory owner=ahui group=ahui mode=0700 recurse=yes"

get_url

url             #指定下载地址
dest            #指定下载的目录
mode            #指定权限
validate_certs  #不检查ssl证书
checksum        #校验加密算法md5sha256

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m get_url -a 'url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/3.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-3.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm dest=/tmp mode=0644' -i ./hosts

Ansible服务管理模块

service、systemd

name        # 定义要启动服务的名称
state       # 指定服务状态started     #启动服务stopped     #停止服务restarted   #重启服务reloaded    #重载服务
enabled         #开机自启yesno

启动crond并加入开机自启

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"

停止crond并删除开机自启

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m service -a "name=crond state=stoped enabled=no"

Ansible用户管理模块

Ansible管理用户与组，通常使用user、group模块

group

name            #指定创建的组名
gid             #指定组的gid
stateabsent      #移除远端主机的组present     #创建远端主机的组（默认）

创建组

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m group -a "name=ahui gid=888"

user

uid             #指定用户的uid
group           #指定用户组名称
groups          #指定附加组名称
password        #给用户添加密码(单引号)
shell           #指定用户登录shell
create_home     #是否创建家目录

创建用户指定uid和gid，不创建家目录也不允许登陆

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a "name=ahui uid=888 group=888 shell=/sbin/nologin create_home=false"

创建用户并生成秘钥对

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a "name=ahui uid=888 group=root shell=/bin/bash generate_ssh_key=yes ssh_key_bits=2048 ssh_key_file=.ssh/id_rsa" -i ./hosts
web01 | CHANGED => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"},"changed": true,"comment": "","create_home": true,"group": 0,"home": "/home/ahui","name": "ahui","shell": "/bin/bash","ssh_fingerprint": "2048 SHA256:WEMHCpSjxxqFwlzrCk1FqrPqeq6N/SHxL1gFTSqHlGM ansible-generated on web01 (RSA)","ssh_key_file": "/home/ahui/.ssh/id_rsa","ssh_public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDRx+bCYGh4FqpKoPzyXrR8ef9GwoY6l6QEFQ0+XPynR22fd9Lbs1eUxWDm5aH4ZO8sPaI8a5xmj88Sipwl0FxlQTjD2X/vreZNEDbwFWrbZ24VvPkfPSSWBh5SxLH6pJt8pGQpPVWuLRMx6yOOxRB1hh9bGFzQNg5z8xqzeogTOoI7cxSFZVuUb5affNj8H5mCw2nAvblV+HNhRzbMlwr+9/EWcCWHDnlVYcELHXjpNJcyGB3VFOu1MPkmLaSTcaB73O0eRvZQkYMBePKJC44tvjHihGhvCk9rzh8qvzHxvMgoMD/+0uKAlIwEvOyfAczb7fxllU0rDtbyPtjbuLsR ansible-generated on web01","state": "present","system": false,"uid": 888
}
web02 | CHANGED => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"},"changed": true,"comment": "","create_home": true,"group": 0,"home": "/home/ahui","name": "ahui","shell": "/bin/bash","ssh_fingerprint": "2048 SHA256:IepfOosi2Xm8kfr4nOPAhG3fec6o8kpMnJ0/RwN+0F8 ansible-generated on web02 (RSA)","ssh_key_file": "/home/ahui/.ssh/id_rsa","ssh_public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDEcO9iDKg4X8ya/y9E0eDelAFMp/rxiDSzW31r+REawaQyF4oywcdIagpz0MTg2BeF2WdaYUmHmtmSTfSOMif26+R1FLcL9f9NYu3io/0388jukcTfyN02diXWgqoKtt4Gbm8Bq8sWE4tX/FSYl42fG6bX1AyDSMzzB7ERr2AD/Y9KuKt7cEXDinGjqTFEXw6+x1wBHpotkUisYiZCci+1Nx4YSznVRBveZTlpxMUYmKgwkUXQIt+RoOYzjgD++0md8O7lwJGgODZkahlrf2pOQnmpS4isLi9or4N+DVnqD+cXb/RjgJzPIJZYazgRY3vtAU9DDqm5i049x/VxEqFj ansible-generated on web02","state": "present","system": false,"uid": 888
}

将明文密码进行hash加密，然后进行用户创建

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m debug -a "msg={{ 'ahui' | password_hash('sha512', 'salt') }}" -i ./hosts
web01 | SUCCESS => {"msg": "$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/"
}
web02 | SUCCESS => {"msg": "$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/"
}

创建用户

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a 'name=ahui1 password=$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/ create_home=true shell=/bin/bash' -i ./hosts

Ansible定时任务模块

cron

正常使用crond服务

[root@m01 ~]# crontab -l
* * * * *  /bin/sh /server/scripts/yum.sh

使用ansible添加一条定时任务

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "minute=* hour=* day=* month=* weekday=*  job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"

设置定时任务注释信息，防止重复，name设定

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='cron01' job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"

删除相应定时任务

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='ansible cron02' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh' state=absent"

注释相应定时任务，使定时任务失效

[root@m01 scripts]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='ansible cron01' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh' disabled=no"

Ansible解压模块

unarchive

creates     #一个文件名，当它已经存在时，这个步骤将不会被运行。
copy        #默认为yes，拷贝的文件从ansible主机复制到远程主机，no在远程主机上寻找src源文件解压
src         #tar源路径，可以是ansible主机上的路径，也可以是远程主机上的路径，如果是远程主机上的路径，则需设置copy=no
dest        #远程主机上的目标绝对路径
mode        #设置解压缩后的文件权限
exec        #列出需要排除的目录和文件
remote_src  #设置remote_src=yes为解包目标上已经存在的档案。对于Windows目标，改用win_unzip模块。
owner       #解压后文件或目录的属主
group       #解压后的目录或文件的属组

在远程主机上解压文件并设置权限

[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m unarchive -a 'src=/srv/tomcat8/apache-tomcat-8.0.29.tar.gz dest=/usr/local copy=no mode=0755'

解压ansible管理机上的压缩文件到远程主机并设置权限

[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m unarchive -a "src=/tmp/install/zabbix-3.0.4.tar.gz dest=/tmp/ mode=0755 copy=yes"

Ansible磁盘挂载模块

mount

present     # 开机挂载，仅将挂载配置写入/etc/fstab
mounted     # 挂载设备，并将配置写入/etc/fstab
unmounted   # 卸载设备，不会清除/etc/fstab写入的配置
absent      # 卸载设备，会清理/etc/fstab写入的配置

将172.16.1.31的/data目录挂载到客户机的/data目录，类型为nfs

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=present"[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted"[root@m01 ~]# ansible web02 -m mount -a "src=172. 16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=unmounted"[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=absent"

Ansible防火墙模块

selinux

修改配置文件关闭selinux，必须重启
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m selinux -a 'state=disabled' -i ./hosts[WARNING]: SELinux state temporarily changed from 'enforcing' to 'permissive'. State change will take effect next reboot.web01 | CHANGED => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"},"changed": true,"configfile": "/etc/selinux/config","msg": "Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'disabled'","policy": "targeted","reboot_required": true,"state": "disabled"
}
web02 | CHANGED => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"},"changed": true,"configfile": "/etc/selinux/config","msg": "Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'disabled'","policy": "targeted","reboot_required": true,"state": "disabled"
}

临时关闭

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a 'setenforce 0' -i ./hosts
web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a 'getenforce' -i ./hosts
web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Permissiveweb01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Permissive

firewalld

service                 #指定开放或关闭的服务名称
port                    #指定开放或关闭的端口
permanent               #是否添加永久生效
state                   #开启或者关闭enableddisabledzone                    #指定配置某个区域
rich_rule               #配置辅规则
masquerade              #开启地址伪装
immediate               #临时生效
source                  #指定来源IP

指定http服务永久开机自启动

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a 'service=http permanent=yes state=enabled' -i ./hosts

指定http服务永久启动并临时生效

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a "service=http immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled" -i ./hosts

指定8080-8090端口永久开启并临时生效

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a "port=8080-8090/tcp immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled" -i ./hosts

Ansible主机信息模块

为什么要说这个模块？

做过自动化的小伙伴会觉得这个模块非常实用

在公司中总会有一些需求

比如：
1.根据不同主机不同IP创建对应IP的目录
2.根据不同主机不同主机名创建对应主机名的目录
3.自动化运维平台需要自动获取到主机的IP地址，内存信息，磁盘信息，主机名…等
4.如果安装数据库，分配内存为物理内存的80%，此时有3台不同物理内存的机器2G、4G、16G
写一个playbook的情况下，我需要获取到对应主机的内存并作出计算，写判断。

setup

查看所有详细信息

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup
web01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": ["10.0.0.7"],"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": ["fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:9880"],"ansible_apparmor": {"status": "disabled"},"ansible_architecture": "x86_64","ansible_bios_date": "04/13/2018","ansible_bios_version": "6.00","ansible_cmdline": {"BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64","LANG": "en_US.UTF-8","biosdevname": "0","net.ifnames": "0","quiet": true,"rhgb": true,"ro": true,"root": "UUID=7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"},"ansible_date_time": {"date": "2019-09-10","day": "10","epoch": "1568115243","hour": "19","iso8601": "2019-09-10T11:34:03Z","iso8601_basic": "20190910T193403218395","iso8601_basic_short": "20190910T193403","iso8601_micro": "2019-09-10T11:34:03.218468Z","minute": "34","month": "09","second": "03","time": "19:34:03","tz": "CST","tz_offset": "+0800","weekday": "星期二","weekday_number": "2","weeknumber": "36","year": "2019"},"ansible_default_ipv4": {"address": "10.0.0.7","alias": "eth0","broadcast": "10.0.0.255","gateway": "10.0.0.2","interface": "eth0","macaddress": "00:0c:29:f8:98:80","mtu": 1500,"netmask": "255.255.255.0","network": "10.0.0.0","type": "ether"},"ansible_default_ipv6": {},"ansible_device_links": {"ids": {"sr0": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001"],"sr1": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"]},"labels": {},"masters": {},"uuids": {"sda1": ["8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"],"sda2": ["9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"],"sda3": ["7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"]}},"ansible_devices": {"sda": {"holders": [],"host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)","links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []},"model": "VMware Virtual S","partitions": {"sda1": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"]},"sectors": "2097152","sectorsize": 512,"size": "1.00 GB","start": "2048","uuid": "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"},"sda2": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"]},"sectors": "2097152","sectorsize": 512,"size": "1.00 GB","start": "2099200","uuid": "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"},"sda3": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"]},"sectors": "37746688","sectorsize": 512,"size": "18.00 GB","start": "4196352","uuid": "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"}},"removable": "0","rotational": "1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode": "deadline","sectors": "41943040","sectorsize": "512","size": "20.00 GB","support_discard": "0","vendor": "VMware,","virtual": 1},"sr0": {"holders": [],"host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)","links": {"ids": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001"],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []},"model": "VMware IDE CDR00","partitions": {},"removable": "1","rotational": "1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode": "deadline","sectors": "2097151","sectorsize": "512","size": "1024.00 MB","support_discard": "0","vendor": "NECVMWar","virtual": 1},"sr1": {"holders": [],"host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)","links": {"ids": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []},"model": "VMware IDE CDR10","partitions": {},"removable": "1","rotational": "1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode": "deadline","sectors": "2097151","sectorsize": "512","size": "1024.00 MB","support_discard": "0","vendor": "NECVMWar","virtual": 1}},"ansible_distribution": "CentOS","ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true,"ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/redhat-release","ansible_distribution_file_variety": "RedHat","ansible_distribution_major_version": "7","ansible_distribution_release": "Core","ansible_distribution_version": "7.5","ansible_dns": {"nameservers": ["10.0.0.2"]},"ansible_domain": "","ansible_effective_group_id": 0,"ansible_effective_user_id": 0,"ansible_env": {"HOME": "/root","LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8","LESSOPEN": "||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s","LOGNAME": "root","LS_COLORS": "rs=0:di=38;5;27:ln=38;5;51:mh=44;38;5;15:pi=40;38;5;11:so=38;5;13:do=38;5;5:bd=48;5;232;38;5;11:cd=48;5;232;38;5;3:or=48;5;232;38;5;9:mi=05;48;5;232;38;5;15:su=48;5;196;38;5;15:sg=48;5;11;38;5;16:ca=48;5;196;38;5;226:tw=48;5;10;38;5;16:ow=48;5;10;38;5;21:st=48;5;21;38;5;15:ex=38;5;34:*.tar=38;5;9:*.tgz=38;5;9:*.arc=38;5;9:*.arj=38;5;9:*.taz=38;5;9:*.lha=38;5;9:*.lz4=38;5;9:*.lzh=38;5;9:*.lzma=38;5;9:*.tlz=38;5;9:*.txz=38;5;9:*.tzo=38;5;9:*.t7z=38;5;9:*.zip=38;5;9:*.z=38;5;9:*.Z=38;5;9:*.dz=38;5;9:*.gz=38;5;9:*.lrz=38;5;9:*.lz=38;5;9:*.lzo=38;5;9:*.xz=38;5;9:*.bz2=38;5;9:*.bz=38;5;9:*.tbz=38;5;9:*.tbz2=38;5;9:*.tz=38;5;9:*.deb=38;5;9:*.rpm=38;5;9:*.jar=38;5;9:*.war=38;5;9:*.ear=38;5;9:*.sar=38;5;9:*.rar=38;5;9:*.alz=38;5;9:*.ace=38;5;9:*.zoo=38;5;9:*.cpio=38;5;9:*.7z=38;5;9:*.rz=38;5;9:*.cab=38;5;9:*.jpg=38;5;13:*.jpeg=38;5;13:*.gif=38;5;13:*.bmp=38;5;13:*.pbm=38;5;13:*.pgm=38;5;13:*.ppm=38;5;13:*.tga=38;5;13:*.xbm=38;5;13:*.xpm=38;5;13:*.tif=38;5;13:*.tiff=38;5;13:*.png=38;5;13:*.svg=38;5;13:*.svgz=38;5;13:*.mng=38;5;13:*.pcx=38;5;13:*.mov=38;5;13:*.mpg=38;5;13:*.mpeg=38;5;13:*.m2v=38;5;13:*.mkv=38;5;13:*.webm=38;5;13:*.ogm=38;5;13:*.mp4=38;5;13:*.m4v=38;5;13:*.mp4v=38;5;13:*.vob=38;5;13:*.qt=38;5;13:*.nuv=38;5;13:*.wmv=38;5;13:*.asf=38;5;13:*.rm=38;5;13:*.rmvb=38;5;13:*.flc=38;5;13:*.avi=38;5;13:*.fli=38;5;13:*.flv=38;5;13:*.gl=38;5;13:*.dl=38;5;13:*.xcf=38;5;13:*.xwd=38;5;13:*.yuv=38;5;13:*.cgm=38;5;13:*.emf=38;5;13:*.axv=38;5;13:*.anx=38;5;13:*.ogv=38;5;13:*.ogx=38;5;13:*.aac=38;5;45:*.au=38;5;45:*.flac=38;5;45:*.mid=38;5;45:*.midi=38;5;45:*.mka=38;5;45:*.mp3=38;5;45:*.mpc=38;5;45:*.ogg=38;5;45:*.ra=38;5;45:*.wav=38;5;45:*.axa=38;5;45:*.oga=38;5;45:*.spx=38;5;45:*.xspf=38;5;45:","MAIL": "/var/mail/root","PATH": "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin","PWD": "/root","SELINUX_LEVEL_REQUESTED": "","SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED": "","SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE": "","SHELL": "/bin/bash","SHLVL": "2","SSH_CLIENT": "10.0.0.51 53512 22","SSH_CONNECTION": "10.0.0.51 53512 10.0.0.7 22","SSH_TTY": "/dev/pts/1","TERM": "xterm-256color","USER": "root","XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/0","XDG_SESSION_ID": "87","_": "/usr/bin/python"},"ansible_eth0": {"active": true,"device": "eth0","features": {"busy_poll": "off [fixed]","fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]","generic_receive_offload": "on","generic_segmentation_offload": "on","highdma": "off [fixed]","hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]","l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]","large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]","loopback": "off [fixed]","netns_local": "off [fixed]","ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]","receive_hashing": "off [fixed]","rx_all": "off","rx_checksumming": "off","rx_fcs": "off","rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]","rx_vlan_offload": "on","rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]","scatter_gather": "on","tcp_segmentation_offload": "on","tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on","tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]","tx_checksumming": "on","tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]","tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]","tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_lockless": "off [fixed]","tx_nocache_copy": "off","tx_scatter_gather": "on","tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]","tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off","tx_tcp_segmentation": "on","tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]","tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]","udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]","vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"},"hw_timestamp_filters": [],"ipv4": {"address": "10.0.0.7","broadcast": "10.0.0.255","netmask": "255.255.255.0","network": "10.0.0.0"},"ipv6": [{"address": "fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:9880","prefix": "64","scope": "link"}],"macaddress": "00:0c:29:f8:98:80","module": "e1000","mtu": 1500,"pciid": "0000:02:01.0","promisc": false,"speed": 1000,"timestamping": ["tx_software","rx_software","software"],"type": "ether"},"ansible_fibre_channel_wwn": [],"ansible_fips": false,"ansible_form_factor": "Other","ansible_fqdn": "web01","ansible_hostname": "web01","ansible_hostnqn": "","ansible_interfaces": ["lo","eth0"],"ansible_is_chroot": false,"ansible_iscsi_iqn": "","ansible_kernel": "3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64","ansible_lo": {"active": true,"device": "lo","features": {"busy_poll": "off [fixed]","fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]","generic_receive_offload": "on","generic_segmentation_offload": "on","highdma": "on [fixed]","hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]","l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]","large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]","loopback": "on [fixed]","netns_local": "on [fixed]","ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]","receive_hashing": "off [fixed]","rx_all": "off [fixed]","rx_checksumming": "on [fixed]","rx_fcs": "off [fixed]","rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]","rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]","scatter_gather": "on","tcp_segmentation_offload": "on","tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on [fixed]","tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]","tx_checksum_sctp": "on [fixed]","tx_checksumming": "on","tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]","tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]","tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_lockless": "on [fixed]","tx_nocache_copy": "off [fixed]","tx_scatter_gather": "on [fixed]","tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on [fixed]","tx_sctp_segmentation": "on","tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on","tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on","tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "on","tx_tcp_segmentation": "on","tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]","tx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]","tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]","udp_fragmentation_offload": "on","vlan_challenged": "on [fixed]"},"hw_timestamp_filters": [],"ipv4": {"address": "127.0.0.1","broadcast": "host","netmask": "255.0.0.0","network": "127.0.0.0"},"ipv6": [{"address": "::1","prefix": "128","scope": "host"}],"mtu": 65536,"promisc": false,"timestamping": ["rx_software","software"],"type": "loopback"},"ansible_local": {},"ansible_lsb": {},"ansible_machine": "x86_64","ansible_machine_id": "c9d400bd3c1249bd81b2d49252985ab6","ansible_memfree_mb": 1068,"ansible_memory_mb": {"nocache": {"free": 1622,"used": 360},"real": {"free": 1068,"total": 1982,"used": 914},"swap": {"cached": 0,"free": 1023,"total": 1023,"used": 0}},"ansible_memtotal_mb": 1982,"ansible_mounts": [{"block_available": 227935,"block_size": 4096,"block_total": 259584,"block_used": 31649,"device": "/dev/sda1","fstype": "xfs","inode_available": 523962,"inode_total": 524288,"inode_used": 326,"mount": "/boot","options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota","size_available": 933621760,"size_total": 1063256064,"uuid": "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"},{"block_available": 69275,"block_size": 262144,"block_total": 73684,"block_used": 4409,"device": "10.0.0.31:/data","fstype": "nfs4","inode_available": 9409536,"inode_total": 9436672,"inode_used": 27136,"mount": "/opt","options": "rw,relatime,vers=4.1,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=0,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.0.0.7,local_lock=none,addr=10.0.0.31","size_available": 18160025600,"size_total": 19315818496,"uuid": "N/A"},{"block_available": 4354375,"block_size": 4096,"block_total": 4715776,"block_used": 361401,"device": "/dev/sda3","fstype": "xfs","inode_available": 9403419,"inode_total": 9436672,"inode_used": 33253,"mount": "/","options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota","size_available": 17835520000,"size_total": 19315818496,"uuid": "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"}],"ansible_nodename": "web01","ansible_os_family": "RedHat","ansible_pkg_mgr": "yum","ansible_proc_cmdline": {"BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64","LANG": "en_US.UTF-8","biosdevname": "0","net.ifnames": "0","quiet": true,"rhgb": true,"ro": true,"root": "UUID=7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"},"ansible_processor": ["0","GenuineIntel","Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8850H CPU @ 2.60GHz"],"ansible_processor_cores": 1,"ansible_processor_count": 1,"ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1,"ansible_processor_vcpus": 1,"ansible_product_name": "VMware Virtual Platform","ansible_product_serial": "VMware-56 4d a5 a2 9d f3 51 25-4d 67 a8 58 f8 f8 98 80","ansible_product_uuid": "A2A54D56-F39D-2551-4D67-A858F8F89880","ansible_product_version": "None","ansible_python": {"executable": "/usr/bin/python","has_sslcontext": true,"type": "CPython","version": {"major": 2,"micro": 5,"minor": 7,"releaselevel": "final","serial": 0},"version_info": [2,7,5,"final",0]},"ansible_python_version": "2.7.5","ansible_real_group_id": 0,"ansible_real_user_id": 0,"ansible_selinux": {"config_mode": "disabled","mode": "permissive","policyvers": 31,"status": "enabled","type": "targeted"},"ansible_selinux_python_present": true,"ansible_service_mgr": "systemd","ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBAiDBJtsjcCuaEVqC4e2tPeN3X7FbSfbWq4gDx65v5AX8yPzZcufMmv0yydrCvbkb3HhMGqVJ7oNMioQdyqiu8Q=","ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIBVg0/vQDn4AFzoNyeGcB61Jr3a+Cv3hu36XOW+BAgv+","ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC4PhQf/9RtL4kuFejVDjQoT8ng10Wdf5SA884Nu9l5wfrBLTVpKUusox5g4lU9+cuYicZiEYmasvxQbACsI90OybLUs26eUymRMtYQiS+N9Mfz0I+CLSssIEtUd5nplNoaPLM7dvgej1YxzLoz8mF6XkwhTLCd3nnye/YxuYYecGNZRCi2q6mkMYjO0HuHtqeSyoK+gPB2so7p7QrC3kcYbgblKfztDDUJ11tmYTBQJdDm7+ICztFjiwyWsnOvbItpOyI2M6neDkN8KCqoDwDYKCbXSbs6uamWkInlz03G9LGuIf+B/rhG6pmFVxG3Ac9h1tS5b6H2DJRMxQR+Vf5/","ansible_swapfree_mb": 1023,"ansible_swaptotal_mb": 1023,"ansible_system": "Linux","ansible_system_capabilities": ["cap_chown","cap_dac_override","cap_dac_read_search","cap_fowner","cap_fsetid","cap_kill","cap_setgid","cap_setuid","cap_setpcap","cap_linux_immutable","cap_net_bind_service","cap_net_broadcast","cap_net_admin","cap_net_raw","cap_ipc_lock","cap_ipc_owner","cap_sys_module","cap_sys_rawio","cap_sys_chroot","cap_sys_ptrace","cap_sys_pacct","cap_sys_admin","cap_sys_boot","cap_sys_nice","cap_sys_resource","cap_sys_time","cap_sys_tty_config","cap_mknod","cap_lease","cap_audit_write","cap_audit_control","cap_setfcap","cap_mac_override","cap_mac_admin","cap_syslog","35","36+ep"],"ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True","ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.","ansible_uptime_seconds": 96743,"ansible_user_dir": "/root","ansible_user_gecos": "root","ansible_user_gid": 0,"ansible_user_id": "root","ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash","ansible_user_uid": 0,"ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64","ansible_userspace_bits": "64","ansible_virtualization_role": "guest","ansible_virtualization_type": "VMware","discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python","gather_subset": ["all"],"module_setup": true},"changed": false
}

获取IP地址

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_default_ipv4'
web01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_default_ipv4": {"address": "10.0.0.7","alias": "eth0","broadcast": "10.0.0.255","gateway": "10.0.0.2","interface": "eth0","macaddress": "00:0c:29:f8:98:80","mtu": 1500,"netmask": "255.255.255.0","network": "10.0.0.0","type": "ether"},"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"},"changed": false
}

获取主机名

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_fqdn'
web01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_fqdn": "web01","discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"},"changed": false
}

获取内存信息

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_memory_mb'
web01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_memory_mb": {"nocache": {"free": 1622,"used": 360},"real": {"free": 1068,"total": 1982,"used": 914},"swap": {"cached": 0,"free": 1023,"total": 1023,"used": 0}},"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"},"changed": false
}

获取磁盘信息

web01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_memory_mb": {"nocache": {"free": 1622,"used": 360},"real": {"free": 1068,"total": 1982,"used": 914},"swap": {"cached": 0,"free": 1023,"total": 1023,"used": 0}},"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"},"changed": false
}
[root@m01 ~]# ansible_devices^C
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_devices'
web01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_devices": {"sda": {"holders": [],"host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)","links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []},"model": "VMware Virtual S","partitions": {"sda1": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"]},"sectors": "2097152","sectorsize": 512,"size": "1.00 GB","start": "2048","uuid": "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"},"sda2": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"]},"sectors": "2097152","sectorsize": 512,"size": "1.00 GB","start": "2099200","uuid": "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"},"sda3": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"]},"sectors": "37746688","sectorsize": 512,"size": "18.00 GB","start": "4196352","uuid": "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"}},"removable": "0","rotational": "1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode": "deadline","sectors": "41943040","sectorsize": "512","size": "20.00 GB","support_discard": "0","vendor": "VMware,","virtual": 1},"sr0": {"holders": [],"host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)","links": {"ids": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001"],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []},"model": "VMware IDE CDR00","partitions": {},"removable": "1","rotational": "1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode": "deadline","sectors": "2097151","sectorsize": "512","size": "1024.00 MB","support_discard": "0","vendor": "NECVMWar","virtual": 1},"sr1": {"holders": [],"host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)","links": {"ids": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []},"model": "VMware IDE CDR10","partitions": {},"removable": "1","rotational": "1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode": "deadline","sectors": "2097151","sectorsize": "512","size": "1024.00 MB","support_discard": "0","vendor": "NECVMWar","virtual": 1}},"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"},"changed": false
}

其他信息参数

ansible_all_ipv4_addresses：仅显示ipv4的信息。
ansible_devices：仅显示磁盘设备信息。
ansible_distribution：显示是什么系统，例：centos,suse等。
ansible_distribution_major_version：显示是系统主版本。
ansible_distribution_version：仅显示系统版本。
ansible_machine：显示系统类型，例：32位，还是64位。
ansible_eth0：仅显示eth0的信息。
ansible_hostname：仅显示主机名。
ansible_kernel：仅显示内核版本。
ansible_lvm：显示lvm相关信息。
ansible_memtotal_mb：显示系统总内存。
ansible_memfree_mb：显示可用系统内存。
ansible_memory_mb：详细显示内存情况。
ansible_swaptotal_mb：显示总的swap内存。
ansible_swapfree_mb：显示swap内存的可用内存。
ansible_mounts：显示系统磁盘挂载情况。
ansible_processor：显示cpu个数(具体显示每个cpu的型号)。
ansible_processor_vcpus：显示cpu个数(只显示总的个数)。

此处匹配规则支持通配符，后面我们在使用playbook的时候，会针对这些内置变量参考使用。

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