Python3.7源码包编译安装

环境：

[root@localhost python3]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
[root@localhost python3]#

1、下载Python

方式一：

进入 https://www.python.org/downloads/source/ 选择相应版本下载之后用FTP工具上传到Linux上。

方式二：

进入https://www.python.org/ftp/python/ 这里存放着所有版本的Python源码。往下拉看到最新版本3.7.2/，点击进入

…
看到Python-3.7.2.tgz

然后根据地址栏的链接拼接成如下链接：https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tgz

我们回到Linux终端，开始下载Python3.7源码包：
这里需要新建一个文件夹/usr/local/src/以保存下载的源码包和待会解压之后的文件。

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/src  # 如果存在请忽略
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tgz

2、下载完成后解压缩：

[root@localhost src]# ls -al | grep Python
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   22897802 12月 24 11:42 Python-3.7.2.tgz
[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf Python-3.7.2.tgz
...
[root@localhost src]# ls -al | grep Python
drwxr-xr-x  18  501   501      4096 12月 24 11:41 Python-3.7.2
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   22897802 12月 24 11:42 Python-3.7.2.tgz
[root@localhost src]#

注：请确认是否安装gcc，否则：

yum -y install gcc

3、指定安装位置

更正时间：2019-3-24

检查是否安装openssl-devel，没安装请安装（原因详 https://blog.csdn.net/jiduochou963/article/details/88788805 ）：

yum install -y openssl-devel

这里指定--with-ssl参数，原因详 https://blog.csdn.net/jiduochou963/article/details/88774848 ：

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-ssl

./configure --prefix=安装路径，这里建议安装在/usr/local/python3下面，即：

[root@localhost Python-3.7.2]# cd Python-3.7.2/
[root@localhost Python-3.7.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3

4、编译

编译之前请确认是否安装安装 readline 相关模块。readline 是 bash shell 用的库，包含许多使用功能，例如：命令行自动补全。
如果没有安装，请执行：yum -y install readline readline-devel

请确认是否有zlib的相关工具包，否则：

zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available

所以，安装zlib：

yum -y install zlib*

上述操作完成之后，开始编译：
make编译

[root@localhost Python-3.7.2]# make

编译时间取决于硬件配置，耐心等待。

5、安装

注：请确认是否有libffi-devel（原因详下），否则安装：

yum -y install libffi-devel

make install 编译安装

[root@localhost Python-3.7.2]# make install

如果安装出现异常ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'，不要慌，这是因为在安装Python3.7以上版本时，需要一个新的libffi-devel包做依赖，执行命令安装：

yum -y install libffi-devel

安装完成后，重新执行make install即可。

Looking in links: /tmp/tmpea1pr1kb
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-18.1 setuptools-40.6.2
[root@localhost Python-3.7.2]#

6、启动

如果没有异常，则启动Python3.7测试一下是否安装成功：
启动位置：/usr/local/python3/bin/python3

[root@localhost Python-3.7.2]# cd ~
[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /usr/local/python3/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x   6 root root  56 1月  29 19:53 .
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 222 1月  29 19:53 ..
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 295 1月  29 19:53 bin
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  24 1月  29 19:53 include
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  63 1月  29 19:53 lib
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  17 1月  29 19:53 share
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/python3/bin/p
pip3               pydoc3             python3            python3.7-config   python3.7m-config  pyvenv
pip3.7             pydoc3.7           python3.7          python3.7m         python3-config     pyvenv-3.7
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3
Python 3.7.2 (default, Jan 29 2019, 19:48:46)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7
Python 3.7.2 (default, Jan 29 2019, 19:48:46)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
[root@localhost ~]#

7、快速启动

方法一：生成Python3的软链接

在/usr/bin路径下生成Python3的软链接:ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /usr/bin/python3
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[root@localhost ~]# python3
Python 3.7.2 (default, Jan 29 2019, 19:48:46)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
[root@localhost ~]#

详细： https://blog.csdn.net/jiduochou963/article/details/88784416

方法二：更改别名

为使Python3和pip正常使用，请修改文件~.bashrc文件——指明pip3和python3的别名。
在文件末尾添加下面的语句：

alias python3='/usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7'
alias pip3='/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3'

如果不想默认使用Python2环境，请直接将其替换，配置如下：

alias python='/usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7'
alias pip='/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.7'

详细过程如下：

[root@localhost bin]# cd ~
[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /usr/local/python3/bin/
总用量 27336
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root      295 1月  30 12:27 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root       56 1月  30 12:27 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        8 1月  30 12:27 2to3 -> 2to3-3.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      109 1月  30 12:27 2to3-3.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      250 1月  30 12:27 easy_install-3.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        7 1月  30 12:27 idle3 -> idle3.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      107 1月  30 12:27 idle3.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      232 1月  30 12:27 pip3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      232 1月  30 12:27 pip3.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        8 1月  30 12:27 pydoc3 -> pydoc3.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       92 1月  30 12:27 pydoc3.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        9 1月  30 12:27 python3 -> python3.7
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 13979352 1月  30 12:27 python3.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       17 1月  30 12:27 python3.7-config -> python3.7m-config
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 13979352 1月  30 12:27 python3.7m
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     3105 1月  30 12:27 python3.7m-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       16 1月  30 12:27 python3-config -> python3.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       10 1月  30 12:27 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      449 1月  30 12:27 pyvenv-3.7
[root@localhost ~]# cat .bashrc
# .bashrc# User specific aliases and functions
...
[root@localhost ~]# vim .bashrc
# .bashrc# User specific aliases and functions
...
alias python3='/usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7'
alias pip3='/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3':wq
[root@localhost ~]# cat .bashrc
# .bashrc# User specific aliases and functions
...
alias python3='/usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7'
alias pip3='/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3'
[root@localhost ~]#

测试pip：不要忘记source编译

[root@localhost ~]# pip3
bash: pip3: 未找到命令...
[root@localhost ~]# source ~/.bashrc
[root@localhost ~]# pip3Usage:   pip3 <command> [options]Commands:install                     Install packages.download                    Download packages.uninstall                   Uninstall packages.freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.list                        List installed packages.show                        Show information about installed packages.check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.config                      Manage local and global configuration.search                      Search PyPI for packages.wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.completion                  A helper command used for command completion.help                        Show help for commands.General Options:-h, --help                  Show help.--isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.-v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.-V, --version               Show version and exit.-q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logginglevels).--log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.--proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.--retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).--timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).--exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort).--trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.--cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.--client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.--cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.--no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.--disable-pip-version-checkDon't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.--no-color                  Suppress colored output
[root@localhost ~]#