您是否曾经想在不完全部署应用程序的情况下测试JPQL / HQL？
我们今天在这里看到的是适用于任何JPA实现的简单解决方案：Hibernate，OpenJPA，EclipseLink等。

这篇文章中找到的基本源代码来自本书：“ Pro JPA 2：掌握Java™持久性API – Mike Keith，Merrick Schincariol ”。 这篇文章将添加到原始代码中：查询参数和NamedQuery测试。

模型类和数据生成

下面是模型类的代码：

package com.model;import java.util.*;import javax.persistence.*;@Entity
@NamedQueries({@NamedQuery(name="Person.findByName", query="select p from Person p where p.name = :name"),@NamedQuery(name="Person.findByAge", query="select p from Person p where p.age = :age", hints={@QueryHint(name="org.hibernate.timeout", value="1000")})
})public class Person {public static final String FIND_BY_NAME = "Person.findByName";public static final String FIND_BY_AGE = "Person.findByAge";@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)private int id;private String name;private int age;public Person() {}public Person(int id) {this.id = id;}public Person(String name, int age) {this.name = name;this.age = age;}@OneToMany(mappedBy = "person", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)private List<Dog> dogs;@OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)@JoinColumn(name="address_id")private Address address;public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}public List<Dog> getDogs() {if (dogs == null) {dogs = new ArrayList<Dog>();}return dogs;}public void setDogs(List<Dog> dogs) {this.dogs = dogs;}public Address getAddress() {return address;}public void setAddress(Address address) {this.address = address;}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {return getId();}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object obj) {if (obj instanceof Person) {Person person = (Person) obj;return person.getId() == getId();}return false;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Person name: " + name;}
}

package com.model;import java.util.Date;import javax.persistence.*;@Entity
@NamedQueries(value={@NamedQuery(name="Dog.FindByDateOfBirth", query="select d from Dog d where d.dateOfBirth = :dateOfBirth"),@NamedQuery(name="Dog.FindByPerson", query="select d from Dog d where d.person = :personObject")})
public class Dog {public static final String FIND_BY_DATE_OF_BIRTH = "Dog.FindByDateOfBirth";@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)private int id;private String name;private double weight;@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)private Date dateOfBirth;public Dog() {}public Dog(String name, double weight, Date dateOfBirth) {this.name = name;this.weight = weight;this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;}public static void main(String[] args) {System.out.println(new Date());}@ManyToOneprivate Person person;public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public double getWeight() {return weight;}public void setWeight(double weight) {this.weight = weight;}public Date getDateOfBirth() {return dateOfBirth;}public void setDateOfBirth(Date dateOfBirth) {this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;}public Person getPerson() {return person;}public void setPerson(Person person) {this.person = person;}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {return getId();}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object obj) {if (obj instanceof Dog) {Dog dog = (Dog) obj;return dog.getId() == getId();}return false;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Dog name: " + name;}
}

package com.model;import javax.persistence.*;@Entity
@NamedQuery(name="Address.FindAll", query="select a from Address a")
public class Address {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)private int id;private String streetName;private int houseNumber;public Address() {}public Address(String streetName, int houseNumber) {this.streetName = streetName;this.houseNumber = houseNumber;}public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getStreetName() {return streetName;}public void setStreetName(String streetName) {this.streetName = streetName;}public int getHouseNumber() {return houseNumber;}public void setHouseNumber(int houseNumber) {this.houseNumber = houseNumber;}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {return getId();}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object obj) {if (obj instanceof Address) {Address address = (Address) obj;return address.getId() == getId();}return false;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Adress street name: " + streetName;}
}

在上面的代码中，我们获得了几个JPA关系作为示例。

Bellow是将处理事务和将写入HSQLDB数据库的数据的类：

package com.main;import java.text.*;
import java.util.Date;import javax.persistence.*;import com.model.*;public class CodeGenerator {private static EntityManagerFactory emf;private static EntityManager em;public static final String PERSON01_NAME = "John";public static final String PERSON02_NAME = "Mary";public static final String PERSON03_NAME = "Anna";public static final String PERSON04_NAME = "Joseph";public static final String PERSON05_NAME = "Mark";public static final String PERSON06_NAME = "I will not have any relationship";public static void startConnection() {emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("QueryTester");em = emf.createEntityManager();em.getTransaction().begin();}public static void closeConnection() {em.getTransaction().commit();emf.close();}public static void generateData() {int year = 1995;int month = 1;int day = 10;Dog dog01 = new Dog("Yellow", 3.5d, createNewDate(day, month, year));Dog dog02 = new Dog("Brown", 8.5d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog03 = new Dog("Dark", 15.5d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog04 = new Dog("Kaka", 4.3d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog05 = new Dog("Pepe", 8.2d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog06 = new Dog("Casillas", 6.1d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog07 = new Dog("Fish", 6.7d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog08 = new Dog("Lion", 3.1d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog09 = new Dog("Cat", 5.5d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog10 = new Dog("Java", 21.7d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog11 = new Dog("JSF", 23.65d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog12 = new Dog("VRaptor", 24.0d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog13 = new Dog("Ferrari", 3.7d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog14 = new Dog("Porshe", 1.33d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog15 = new Dog("Bike", 4.44d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, ++year));Dog dog16 = new Dog("Rambo", 5.44d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, 2015));Dog dog17 = new Dog("Terminator", 3.88d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, 2016));Dog dog18 = new Dog("John McClan", 3.88d, createNewDate(++day, ++month, 2016));Person person01 = new Person(PERSON01_NAME, 33);person01.getDogs().add(dog01);person01.getDogs().add(dog02);person01.getDogs().add(dog03);person01.setAddress(new Address("Street A", 30));dog01.setPerson(person01);dog02.setPerson(person01);dog03.setPerson(person01);Person person02 = new Person(PERSON02_NAME, 27);person02.getDogs().add(dog04);person02.getDogs().add(dog05);person02.getDogs().add(dog06);person02.setAddress(new Address("Street B", 60));dog04.setPerson(person02);dog05.setPerson(person02);dog06.setPerson(person02);Person person03 = new Person(PERSON03_NAME, 7);person03.getDogs().add(dog07);person03.getDogs().add(dog08);person03.getDogs().add(dog09);person03.setAddress(new Address("Street B", 90));dog07.setPerson(person03);dog08.setPerson(person03);dog09.setPerson(person03);Person person04 = new Person(PERSON04_NAME, 43);person04.getDogs().add(dog10);person04.getDogs().add(dog11);person04.getDogs().add(dog12);person04.setAddress(new Address("Street C", 120));dog10.setPerson(person04);dog11.setPerson(person04);dog12.setPerson(person04);Person person05 = new Person(PERSON05_NAME, 70);person05.getDogs().add(dog13);person05.getDogs().add(dog14);person05.getDogs().add(dog15);person05.getDogs().add(dog16);person05.setAddress(new Address("Street D", 150));dog13.setPerson(person05);dog14.setPerson(person05);dog15.setPerson(person05);dog16.setPerson(person05);Person person06 = new Person(PERSON06_NAME, 45);em.persist(person01);em.persist(person02);em.persist(person03);em.persist(person04);em.persist(person05);em.persist(person06);em.persist(dog17);em.persist(dog18);em.flush();}private static Date createNewDate(int day, int month, int year) {SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy");try {return formatter.parse("" + day + "/" + month + "/" + year);} catch (ParseException e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;}}public static EntityManager getEntityManager() {return em;}
}

可以在以下代码的“ src / META-INF”文件夹中找到“ persistence.xml”文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><persistence version="2.0"xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"><persistence-unit name="QueryTester"transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"><provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider><properties><property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver" /><property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:." /><property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa" /><property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="" /><property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect" /><property name="hibernate.connection.shutdown" value="true" /><property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update" /><property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="false" /><property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="false"/></properties></persistence-unit>
</persistence>

抽象测试班

package com.main;import javax.persistence.Query;import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ReflectionToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;import com.model.Person;/*** @author Pro JPA 2 book* @Empowered by uaiHebert* */
public abstract class AbstractQueryTester {protected static void populateParameters(Query query, String parameters) {for (String parameter : parameters.split(";")) {String parameterKey = parameter.split("-")[0];String parameterValue = parameter.split("-")[1];String parameterType = parameter.split("-")[2];query.setParameter(parameterKey, configureParameterValue(parameterValue, parameterType));}}private static Object configureParameterValue(String parameterValue, String parameterType) {if (parameterType.equalsIgnoreCase("integer")) {try {return Integer.parseInt(parameterValue);} catch (Exception e) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid parameter value as number: " + parameterValue);}}if (parameterType.equalsIgnoreCase("string")) {return parameterValue;}if (parameterType.equalsIgnoreCase("person")) {int personId;try {personId = Integer.valueOf(parameterValue);} catch (Exception e) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid parameter value as number: " + parameterValue);}return new Person(personId);}throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid parameter type: " + parameterType);}protected static void printResult(Object result) throws Exception {if (result == null) {System.out.print("NULL");} else if (result instanceof Object[]) {Object[] row = (Object[]) result;System.out.print("[");for (int i = 0; i < row.length; i++) {printResult(row[i]);}System.out.print("]");} else if (result instanceof Long || result instanceof Double || result instanceof String) {System.out.print(result.getClass().getName() + ": " + result);} else {System.out.print(ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(result, ToStringStyle.SHORT_PREFIX_STYLE));}System.out.println();}
}

关于上面的代码：

• populateParameters方法将自动填充所有查询参数。 如果需要，Eclipse控制台将要求开发人员键入查询信息和查询参数。 查询参数应遵循以下语法要求：
  • 0个参数：只需按“ Enter”
• configureParameterValue方法会将参数值“广播”为查询所需的正确类型。 它允许原始值和类。
• printResult方法将显示查询结果。

动态查询测试

package com.main;import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.List;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.Query;/*** @author Pro JPA 2 book* @Empowered by uaiHebert* */
public class DynamicQueryTester extends AbstractQueryTester {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {CodeGenerator.startConnection();CodeGenerator.generateData();EntityManager em = CodeGenerator.getEntityManager();BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));for (;;) {System.out.print("Type your JPQL and press Enter > ");String dynamicQuery = reader.readLine();if (dynamicQuery.equals("quit")) {break;}if (dynamicQuery.length() == 0) {continue;}System.out.println("Type the namedQuery parameters.");System.out.println("All paramters should be like: id-2-integer;name-John-string");System.out.println("Or just press enter for 0 parameters");String parameters = reader.readLine();try {Query query = em.createQuery(dynamicQuery);if (parameters.length() > 0) {populateParameters(query, parameters);}@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")List result = query.getResultList();if (result.size() > 0) {int count = 0;for (Object o : result) {System.out.print(++count + " ");printResult(o);}} else {System.out.println("0 results returned");}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}CodeGenerator.closeConnection();}
}

上面的代码将启动一个事务，在运行时内存中创建数据库数据，并允许开发人员测试任何类型的动态查询。 要测试JPQL / HQL，开发人员只需在控制台中键入查询代码。

要结束循环，请不要键入任何查询数据，只需键入“ quit”并按“ Enter”即可。

NamedQuery测试
 

package com.main;import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.List;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.Query;/*** @author Pro JPA 2 book* @Empowered by uaiHebert* */
public class NamedQueryTester extends AbstractQueryTester {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {CodeGenerator.startConnection();CodeGenerator.generateData();EntityManager em = CodeGenerator.getEntityManager();BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));for (;;) {System.out.print("Type the NamedQuery name > ");String namedQueryName = reader.readLine();if (namedQueryName.equals("quit")) {break;}if (namedQueryName.length() == 0) {continue;}System.out.println("Type the namedQuery parameters.");System.out.println("Press enter for 0 parameters");System.out.println("Or type all paramters like: id-2,name-4");String parameters = reader.readLine();try {Query query = em.createNamedQuery(namedQueryName);if (parameters.length() > 0) {populateParameters(query, parameters);}@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")List result = query.getResultList();if (result.size() > 0) {int count = 0;for (Object o : result) {System.out.print(++count + " ");printResult(o);}} else {System.out.println("0 results returned");}} catch (Exception e) {System.err.println(e.getClass() + e.getMessage());}}CodeGenerator.closeConnection();}
}

上面的代码将启动一个事务，在运行时内存中创建数据库数据，并允许测试在模型类中配置的NamedQueries。 要测试NamedQueries，只需在控制台中键入其名称。

要结束循环，请不要键入任何NamedQuery名称，只需键入“ quit”并按“ Enter”即可。

运行应用程序

运行类DynamicQueryTester，然后在控制台中键入以下文本：“ 从Person p中选择p ”。 按Enter键两次，以下文本将出现在控制台中：

在第一个“ Enter”键上，将显示一条消息，询问是否有参数。

在控制台中输入：“ 从Person p中选择p，其中p.age>：age ”，然后按“ Enter”。 输入参数：“ age-69-integer ”。 按Enter，将显示以下结果：

要完成正在运行的代码，请输入单词“ quit”，然后按“ Enter”按钮。

现在运行类NamedQueryTester的代码。

在控制台中键入NamedQuery名称“ Dog.FindByPerson”，然后按Enter。 输入“ personObject-1-person”参数，将显示以下结果：

将此邮政编码与您的应用程序代码一起使用

您可以通过两种方式使用本文的代码：将应用程序模型类添加到本文的项目中，或在应用程序中使用该项目的主包中的代码。

将您的模型类添加到本文的项目中 ：

• 将模型类复制到“ com.model”包中。
• 设置persistence.xml以访问数据库

使用应用程序主包中的代码 ：

• 设置在CodeGenerator类中找到的PersistenceUnit。
• 使用在libs文件夹中找到的Apache库：“ commons-lang3-3-1.jar ”。

对于这两种方法，都需要以下步骤：

• 编辑方法“ AbstractQueryTester.configureParameterValue ”以接受将与查询一起使用的所有属性值/类型/类。
• 将“ hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto ”配置编辑为“ none”或“ validate”。 该配置位于“ persistence.xml ”文件中。
• 仅在CodeGenerator类中调用方法以启动/关闭连接。

提案

在下面，您会发现一些与此代码有关的建议：

• 使用反射技术在“ AbstractQueryTester.configureParameterValue ”方法中创建类。
• 提交后，应用Jenkins验证某些JPQL是否具有正确的语法。

结束

希望这篇文章对您有所帮助。

单击此处下载该帖子的源代码 。

如果您有任何疑问/建议，请将其发布。

参考：在uaiHebert博客上， 如何从我们的JCG合作伙伴 Hebert Coelho进行部署而无需部署即可测试JPQL / HQL 。